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Speeds Before Leaving Home Before Start

CHECKLIST Preflight Inspection..........................Complete


NORMAL OPERATION Tach/Hobbs/Time............................Recorded
Unless otherwise stated the following speeds “I'M SAFE”
NOTE ON CHECKLISTS Passenger Briefing..........................Complete
are for MAUW condition. Self Check Seats / Seatbelts.........................Adjust, Lock
VR.......................................................55 KIAS Fuel Selector Valve..................................Both
A normal checklist is provided for use in Illness
VX – Best Angle of Climb ...................65 KIAS Cowl Flaps..............................................Open
flight. This checklist covers items that are of VY – Best Rate of Climb...............Vysl 80 KIAS Medication..................................................No
vital importance to the safety of the flight. Stress.........................................................No Brakes...............................................Set/Hold
Normal approach..........................70-80 KIAS Avionics, Electrical.....................................Off
Vref......................................................65 KIAS Alcohol in last 8 hrs....................................No
When completing a checklist it is assumed Feeling OK................................................Yes Circuit Breakers................................Check In
VA – Maneuvering Speed.................111 KIAS
the pilot is familiar with the full operating Eaten.........................................................Yes Normal Engine Start
procedures in the sections following the Mixture.................................................... Rich
Maximum demonstrated crosswind........15kts
normal checklist and outlined in the aircraft Propeller..........................................High RPM
POH section 4. The checklist is completed Power........................................½ Centimeter
after normal flows as a cross check to ensure
PLACARD/ASI LIMITATIONS Flight Equipment Check Carburetor Heat.......................................Cold
critical items are set correctly. Prime............................................1-3 as req’d
VNO – Top of Green Arc ...................140 KIAS Crew Licenses Rotating Beacon.........................................On
VNE – Red Line (Never Exceed).......167 KIAS Strainer, Dipstick, Leatherman Area........................................................Clear
Expanded procedures for normal, non-
normal, and emergency operations are
VSO – Stall landing configuration........52 KIAS Current Charts After start
provided on the reverse side. These should Airport Guide/Airfield Charts Mixture..........................................Set for Taxi
VS – Stall Clean .................................58 KIAS
be used for training aids during type ratings Engine Instruments...............................Check
Custom Checklists
and for personal reference. Taxi, Nav. Lights..........................As Required
VFE – Max. Flap Extension 10-40º....110 KIAS Text Books
VFE – Max. Flap Extension 0-10 º.....140 KIAS Flaps................................................Retracted
As model differences frequently occur, the Flight Plans Transponder.......................................Standby
manufactures handbook for the aircraft you Weather Reports Taxi
are flying should be referenced to and this EMERGENCY OPERATION
Best glide Speed................................70 KIAS Flight Computer, Plotter Calculator, Brakes....................................Release, Check
checklist must be modified accordingly prior Avionics and Flight Instruments.....Check/Set
Precautionary Pencils, Clipboard
to any use operation! Nav instruments ......................................Test
Slow safe Cruise.........................90-105 KIAS Time Piece
Approach (flaps up)............................70 KIAS Pre Run Up
Speeds and performance figures provided Flashlights, Batteries, Bulbs Parking Brake............................................Set
here are an average for the more common Approach (flaps full)...........................65 KIAS
Ditching..............................................65 KIAS Cell Phone (Charged) Fuel Selector............................................Both
C182 models and rounded up to the nearest Engine Instruments...............................Green
Engine failure after takeoff.................70 KIAS Spare Glasses, Sun Glasses
5kts. Cowls......................................................Open
Engine Failure in flight flap up............70 KIAS
HAPPY FLIYING Engine Failure in flight flap down.......65 KIAS

RED SKY CHECKLISTS


Cessna 182
PERFORMANCE
SPCRM
NORMAL CHECKLIST
Run Up
Loading Power.........................................................Set
Maximum TO/Ldg Weight .............. 2800lbs Mixture.......................................................Set
Standard Empty Weight ........... 1600lbs Carb Heat..............................................Check
Useful Load .............................. 1200lbs Magnetos..........Check Left, Both, Right, Both
Operating performance Propeller Governor ................................Cycle
Fuel Capacity (useable) Engine Instruments...............................Check
Standard...............................................56gals Vacuum.................................................Check
Long Range..........................................75gals Ammeter................................Check with load
Fuel Consumption DI ..........................................Set to Compass
75%@2500ft............................ 55lt /hr Throttle friction lock....................................Set
75%@7500ft.............................. 45 /hr Idle........................................................Check
Planning..................................... 60 /hr Pre-Takeoff
Plan Cruise speed........................ 125KTAS Trim...........................................Set for takeoff
Mixture......................................Set for takeoff
Other Information Magnetos ................................................Both
Transponder Codes: Propeller Governor ............................Full fine
Unlawful Interference.....................................7500 Flight Controls......................Free and Correct
Loss of Communication ................................7600 Flaps.........................................Set for takeoff
Emergency ....................................................7700
Cowl Flaps .............................................Open
Radio Frequencies
Emergency Frequencies........................121.5/243 Instruments..........................Checked and Set
All Africa TIBA...............................................126.9 Radios.................................Set for Departure
Uncontrolled/Unmanned: ..............................124.8 Navigation / GPS.................Set for Departure
Training Areas:..............................................124.4 Hatches .................................Closed, Locked
Harnesses............................................Secure
Light Signals Engine Runup..................................Complete
Signal On Ground In Flight Engine Instruments...........................Checked
Electrics....................................CB's Checked
Green Steady Takeoff Land Emergency & Dep. brief.....................Perform
Green Flashing Taxi Return to land
Line Up
Area........................................................Clear
Red Steady Stop Give way Landing light, strobes.................................On
Transponder..............................Set to altitude
Red Flashing Clear runway Do not land
DI........................Aligned with Compass, Rwy
White Flashing Return to ramp -- Area........................................................Clear
Windsock..............................................Check
Red/Green WARNING – USE CAUTION
alternating
Engine Parameters...............................Green

PERFORMANCE NORMAL CHECKLIST


Short field take-off Abnormal Maneuvers Engine failure
After Takeoff (above 1000' AGL Wing Flaps ..........................................20 deg TAKEOFF
Brakes...................................................Check Brakes ................................................ APPLY HASELL NOTE: Bold Items are immediate recall
Undercarriage..................................Retracted Power ............................................. Maximum Complete prior to conducting stalls, spins and
Power/Pitch................................................Set Items, other times may be followed up by
Mixture ....................... Set for Field Elevation approved aerobatic maneuvers
Mixture...................................................Adjust the use of the AFM checklist.
Brakes .......................................... RELEASE Height...........................Sufficient for recovery
Fuel...................................................Checked Elevator Control .................. Slightly Tail Low Throttle..................................................IDLE
.............................................Above 3000ft AG
Flaps...........................................................Up Lift Nose..............................................60KIAS Brakes.................................................Apply
Engine Parameters...............................Green Maintain .............................................65KIAS Flaps.........................................................UP
Airframe .......................Limitations Reviewed
Lights............................................As required Until clear of Obstacles Mixture........................................IDLE cut-off
..................................Configuration Reviewed Ignition....................................................OFF
Cruise
Power/Prop................................................Set Accelerate...........................................80KIAS Master switch..........................................OFF
Security...............Seatbelts/Passengers/Load
Elevator/Rudder trim.............................Adjust Wing Flaps (above70KIAS)............RETRACT
Engine.....................Temperatures/Pressures AFTER TAKEOFF
Mixture...................................Lean for altitude Power..........................................Set for climb Airspeed...........................70 KIAS Flaps Up
.........................Power/Pitch Mixture Checked
Cowl Flaps............................Closed/As Req’d Location.....................Not over built up areas, .....................................65 KIAS Flaps Down
Descent Note: Do not reduce power until wing flaps have Mixture .......................................Idle Cut-off
airfields or controlled airspace High Terrain
Fuel .....................Correct Tank, Qty checked been retracted.s Within proximity of suitable landing areas Fuel shutoff valve...................................OFF
Radios........................................................Set Ignition....................................................OFF
Approach Briefing............................Complete
Soft field take-off Lookout.....................Complete a lookout turn
Flaps ..........................................as required
Cowl Flaps...........................................Closed Wing Flaps ........................ Maximum for field
Master switch.........................................OFF
Mixture.......................................................Set Line up...............................Do not stop rolling
Power/Prop................................................Set Takeoff roll......................................Nose high DURING FLIGHT
Icing..............................................As required Liftoff .....................................Minimum speed IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
Lights............................................On/as req'd Accelerate...........................................65KIAS Airspeed ...........................................70KIAS
Until clear of Obstacles, continue with Short Field Carb Heat..................................................ON
Downwind Procedure
Brakes...................................................Check Field.....................................................Select
Undercarriage........................Down & Locked Approach................................................Plan
Power/Prop................................................Set Maximum Performance FINDING
Carb Heat...................................................ON
Mixture.......................................................Set Climb Primer .........................................IN & Locked
Fuel............................................Correct Tank Wing Flaps ............................................... Up Fuel Shutoff valve......................................ON
Flaps..........................................................Set Power .................................. Maximum Climb
Engine Parameters...............................Green Mixture....................................................RICH
Pitch.............................Maximum Continuous Ignition...............................BOTH (or START)
Lights............................................As required Note: for an after takeoff climb or in an
Seats / Seatbelts......................Check Secure COMMUNICATE
emergency full power may be used ensure Mayday................Transmit on Active or 121.5
Fuel Selector............................................Both time limits are not exceeded for normal
Carb Heat....................................As Required Transponder............................................7700
operations Passengers..............................................Brief
Final Mixture ....................... Set for Field Elevation
Cowl Flaps..............................................Open SECURE
Airspeed....................Vysl 80 KIAS (sea level) Mixture ...................................................cutoff
Carb Heat...................................................Off ..............................Vy10,000 75 KIAS (10,000ft)
Undercarriage........................Down & Locked Fuel shutoff valve........................................off
Cowl Flaps .............................................Open Ignition.........................................................off
Propeller Pitch....................................Full fine Note: Vy will provide maximum rate of climb, when
performance is limiting such that less than 200fpm
FINAL
is achieved, the reduction to best angle of climb Flaps.............................................as required
may result in zero or negative rate of climb. Master switch..............................................Off
NORMAL CHECKLIST Doors ..................................................unlatch
Touchdown...........................................tail low
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES Note: It is recommended that engine failure
during fight procedures be committed to
memory
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Engine Fire
during start
Short field landing Starter....................................................Crank
Flaps..........................................................Full To draw away flames, If Engine Starts:
After Landing Airspeed.................................................65kts Power...............................................1700rpm
Cowl Flaps..............................................Open Touchdown Positive, Main Wheels First For a few minutes until flames appear to be
Trim.....................................................Takeoff Nose Wheel ..........................................Lower extinguished, or if engine does not start:
Flaps....................................................Retract Braking ................. Maximum Steady Braking Mixture........................................IDLE cut-off
Carb Heat...................................................Off Flaps....................................................Retract Ignition....................................................OFF
Land, Strobe lights.....................................Off
Transponder.......................................Standby
Soft field landing Master ....................................................OFF
Inspect damage
Flaps..........................................................Full
Shutdown and Securing during flight
Airspeed.................................................65kts
Power........................................................Idle Mixture........................................IDLE cut-off
Touchdown, .............Softly Main Wheels First
Avionics and Switches................................Off Fuel ........................................................OFF
Nose Wheel ...............................Lower gently
Mixture............................................Idle Cutoff Master ....................................................OFF
Elevator................................................Full up
Mags...........................................................Off Cabin Air.................................................OFF
Braking ................. Gently, minimum required
Master.........................................................Off Sideslip...............................Initiate if required
Flaps.................Leave down until clear of rwy
Control Lock.................................................In Proceed with Engine Failure in Flight
Hobbs and Tach..................................Record Crosswind take-off Actions
Tie Downs.........................................Attached Wing Flaps ........................ Minimum for field
Takeoff roll..........................Ailerons Into wind
Liftoff ......................................Ailerons Neutra Cabin Fire
Liftoff ..................................................Vr nml+ On the Ground
After takeoff ................Crab into wind for drift Master Switch.........................................OFF
Cabin Vents/Air/Heat..........................Closed
Fire Extinguisher...............................Activate
Crosswind landing Cabin Vents/Windhws...........................Open
Wing Flaps ..............minimum for field length
(and as required by strength of wind)
Approach...................................crab into wind
During flight
Touchdown......Nose straight, into wind wheel Follow Above Procedure, Once Fire is
first extinguished:
After landing........................Ailerons into wind Electrics/Avionics......................................Off
Note: maximum demonstrated crosswind Master ......................................................ON
Avionics/Electrics...............On, one at a time
Go-around Land at the nearest Suitable Airfield
Mixture/Pitch/Throttle.........................Forward
Wing Flaps ........................Retract to Takeoff
Brakes ................................................ APPLY Electrical Fire
Unknown Source
(after obstacles are cleared and above Vx ) Master Switch.........................................OFF
Wing Flaps ...................................RETRACT Avionics and Electrics.............................OFF
Power..........................................Set for climb Circuit Brekers......................................PULL
If Smoke Ceases:
Note: Do not reduce power until wing flaps and Master Switch...........................................ON
NORMAL CHECKLIST landing gear have been retracted. Essential Electrical/Avionics......On, One at a
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES time

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Electrical failure Before starting engine Before Takeoff
Load......................................................Verify Cockpit Inspection Chocks ....................................Removed (“Too Many Pilots Fly In Heaven Early”
.......................................Reduce to minimum Aircraft documents.........................Check Preflight ...................................Complete Test Controls .................. Free & Correct
Alternator ...............................................OFF Pilot's Operating Handbook Seats/Seat Belts ........Adjusted & Locked Trim ...................................... Set for T/O
Alternator CB...............................Trip&Reset Aircraft Weight & Balance records Brakes ................................Set and Hold
Alternator..................................................ON Throttle friction lock............................Set
Certificate Of Airworthiness a Cowl Flaps .................................... Open
If no Power Certificate of Registration Mixture...............................Set for takeoff
Alternator................................................OFF Maintenance Release Fuel Selector ...................... Fullest Tank Magnetos .........................................Both
Aircraft Radio license Lights .............................................. OFF Propeller Governor .....................Full fine
PLAN To land at nearest suitable airfield, Flight Folio Circuit Breakers ........................Check IN Primer ..........................................Locked
Conserve Battery as much as possible, Control wheel lock......................Remove Clock .................................................Set Pumps...................................As required
All non essential electrics off, if necessary Hobbs/Tach.......................Check/Record Altimeter ............................................Set
Inform ATC and turn master off until
Flight Controls...............Free and Correct
Ignition................................................Off Avionics ...........................................OFF
approaching circuit. Flaps..................................Set for takeoff
Avionics Master (if fitted).....................Off Electrical Equipment ........................OFF
Be prepared for implications of electrical Master Switch......................................On Cowl Flaps .....................................Open
Beacon...............................................ON
failures on systems(flaps/gear) Fuel quantity indicators..................Check Fuel..............................Correct Tank, Qty
Flaps ..............................................Down Instruments...................Checked and Set
Radios..........................Set for Departure
Electrical overload Lights.................On and Check (if Req'd)
Navigation / GPS..........Set for Departure
Load.......................................................verify Pitot heat...........On and Check (if Req'd) Normal Start
Master Switch.....................................Off Mixture............................................. Rich Hatches ..........................Closed, Locked
.......................................Reduce to minimum
Alternator ...............................................OFF Fuel shutoff valve................................On Propeller..................................High RPM Harnesses....................................Secure
Alternator CB...............................Trip&Reset Brakes ............................... Test and Set Power........................½ Centimeter Open Engine Instruments....................Checked
Alternator..................................................ON Gust Locks.................................Remove Carburetor Heat................................Cold Electrics.............................CB's Checked
Load........................................................OK? Covers and tie downs.................Remove Magnetos..........................................Both Emergency, dep. brief.................Perform
Prime.....................................1-3 as req’d
If Not:
Master ...................................................OFF
NOTE: PROPELLERS SHOULD BE TREATED Rotating Beacon..................................On Line-Up
AS LIVE AT ALL TIMES REGARDLES OF THE Master Switch......................................On
Master ......................................................ON POSITION OF ENGINE CONTROL SWITCHES
Runway/Approach..................................Clear
Prop Area........................................Clear Landing light, strobes.................................On
IF LOAD still not does not return to normal Transponder..............................Set to altitude
land at nearest suitable airfield. Fuselage and Empenage START Accomplish: DI........................Aligned with Compass, Rwy
Baggage Door................Check and Lock Ignition Switch..............................Engage Windsock..............................................Check
Rivets...............................Check, Secure Engine Temps and Pressures..............Check
Carburetor Icing As engine fires:
Nav Light .........................Check, Secure Throttle......................................Minimum
Carb Heat.........................................Fully ON
Mixture.................................................Adjust Elevator.............Free movement, Secure Oil Pressure..................Rising within 30s Normal Takeoff
Once icing/roughness has cleared; Elevator Trim....................Check, Secure
Power ............................................... Full
Carb Heat...............................................Cold Balance weights...........................Secure
Mixture..................................................Reset Lock wires........................Check, Secure Flooded Start Manifold Pressure.......1-2”below ambient
Mixture........................................ Cut-Off Rpm.............................................Redline
Engine Roughness Radio antennas................Check, Secure
Balance weights...........................Secure Power.................................................Full
Magnetos.............................................Check Prop Area........................................Clear Engine parameters........................Check
Mixture.................................................Adjust Rudder................................Free, Secure
Rotate.........................................60 KIAS
Temperatures/Pressures.....................Check Beacon.............................Check, Secure
START Accomplish: Climb Speed .........................70-90 KIAS
If roughness continues, plan to land at
nerest suitable airfield. Ignition Switch..............................Engage
As engine fires: Airbourne with no runway left, with positive climb
Mixture..............................................Rich and above minimum retraction speed
Throttle...............................Minimum rpm Brakes ................. Apply (when airborne)
Clear of obstacles and safe climb speed
Oil Pressure Rising........Rising within 30s
Wing Flaps ................................. Retract
Power...................................Set for climb
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Right wing After Start After Takeoff
Spin Recovery Aileron....................Free movement, Secure Throttle......................................1000 rpm Brakes ..........................................Check
Ailerons........................................NEUTRAL Balance weights...................................Secure Mixture...................................Set for Taxi Undercarriage ....................................Up
Throttle..................................................IDLE Lock wires................................Check, Secure Engine Instruments........................Check Power/Pitch/Mixture............................Set
Confirm direction Nav Light ................................Check, Secure Taxi, Nav. Lights...................As Required
Flaps........................................Check, Secure
Fuel.....................Correct tank, pump Off
RUDDER...........................FULL OPPOSITE Flaps............................................Retract
Flap runners.................Greased, correct play Flaps ..................................................Up
Elevator...................Forward to break stall Avionics Master...................................On
Main wheel tire........................Proper Inflation Temp/Pressures........................Checked
Rudder....Neutralise when spinning stops Transponder...............................Standby
Brakes.................................Secure, condition Landing Lights..................................OFF
Pitch...................................Ease out of dive
Fuel tank sump..................................Sample

Plan to land at the nearest Airfield


NOTE: IF after repeated sampling contamination
remains report to maintenance, DO NOT Fly
Taxi Normal Climb
Fuel Quantity.........................Check Visually Brakes............................Release, Check
Fuel Filler cap......................................Secure Avionics ..................................Check/Set Airspeed .............................90-100 KIAS
Flight Instruments....................Check/Set Power .........................23“ and 2450RPM
Nav instruments ...............................Test Mixture ...................... Lean above 3000ft
Nose Fuel Tanks.....................................Check Cowl Flaps .................................... Open
Engine oil level...............................Check
Fuel strainer.................................Sample
Propeller and spinner.....................Check Cruise
Alternator belt................................Check Run-up Power ...............................23", 2400RPM
Air intake .......................................Check Parking Brake.....................................Set Elevator and Rudder Trim .............Adjust
Carburetor air filter.........................Check Fuel Selector....................................Both Mixture ............................Lean for Cruise
Landing lights.................................Check Engine Instruments........................Green Cowl Flaps ...........................As Required
Nose wheel strut & tire...................Check Cowls..............................................Open Engine Temp/Pressures................Check
Nose-Tie down.......................Disconnect Prop area........................................Clear Fuel.........................Check/Change tanks
Static source opening....................Check Power........................................1700 rpm Traffic............................................Check
Mixture................................................Set Radio.......................................Transmit
Carb Heat......................................Check Estimated Times .........................Record
Left Wing Magnetos...Check Left, Both, Right, Both
Aileron................Free movement, secure (150rpm drop, 50rpm differential)
Balance weights...........................Secure Propeller Governor .........................Cycle Enroute
Lock wires........................Check, Secure Engine Instruments...............................Check 'SAFIER'
Nav Light .........................Check, Secure Vacuum.................................................Check Suction.......................................Checked
Flaps................................Check, Secure Ammeter................................Check with load Amps.........................................Checked
Flap runners...........Greased, correct play DI ..........................................Set to Compass
Fuel............................................Checked
Main wheel tire.................Proper Inflation Throttle...................Idle, Check minimum rpm
Throttle ..................................Reset 1000rpm Icing......................................As Required
Brakes..........................Secure, condition Engine Power/Pitch/Mixture................Set
Fuel tank sump...........................Sample Engine Temp/Pressures............Checked
Fuel Quantity....................Check Visually
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Fuel Filler cap...............................Secure
Engine Cowl Flaps .............. As Required
Radios/Nav/DI..............Checked and Set
Pitot Tube......................................Check
Stall Warning ................................Check
Fuel Tank Vent Opening................Check
Descent/Approach NORMAL PROCEDURES
'FREDALS' expanded checklist
Fuel.....................................Correct Tank NOTE ON CHECKLISTS
Fuel Qty.........................................Check A normal checklist is provided for use in
Radios/Nav........Set/Clearance Obtained flight. This checklist covers items that are of
Engine Power/Pitch/Mixture................Set vital importance to the safety of the flight.
Engine Temp/Pressures............Checked When completing a checklist it is assumed
Engine Cowl Flaps .............. As Required the pilot is familiar with the full operating
DI..........................Aligned with Compass procedures in the sections following the
Altimeter.............................................Set normal checklist and outlined in the aircraft
Landing Lights......................As Required POH section 4. The checklist is completed
Seats/belts, Doors........Adjusted&Locked after normal flows as a cross check to ensure
critical items are set correctly.

Approach Set Up Expanded procedures for normal, non-


Flaps .....................Below Vfe, first stage normal, and emergency operations are
Brakes ..........................................Check provided on the reverse side. These should
Undercarriage ................................Down be used for training aids during type ratings
and for personal reference.
Power/Pitch/Mixture............................Set
Fuel ....................................Correct Tank As model differences frequently occur, the
Temp/Pressures........................Checked manufactures handbook for the aircraft you
Landing Lights..................................OFF are flying should be referenced to prior to
Seats/Seatbelts............................Secure operation.
HAPPY FLYING!
Downwind Checks
Brakes ..........................................Check RED SKY CHECKLISTS
Undercarriage ................................Down Cessna 182
Mixture................................................Set
Fuel .........Correct Tank, Pumps As req'd
Temp/Pressures........................Checked
CONTENTS:
Landing Lights....................................ON
Seats/Seatbelts............................Secure Preflight Inspection

Final Approach START AND TAXI


'CUP'
Cowls..............................................Open PRETAKEOFF
Carb Heat.........................................Cold
Undercarriage .............Down and Locked
Power/Pitch/Mixture............................Set TAKEOFF & CLIMB

Normal Landing CRUISE & DESCENT


Touchdown ................ Main Wheels First
Nose Wheel .......................Lower Gently
Braking ..................... Minimum Required APPROACHLANDING

After landing
Compilation notes
These pages are printed front and
After landing back side, then cut around the
(Once roll out complete)
Cowl Flaps ................................... OPEN text the first few pages need to be
Carb Heat......................................COLD trimmed and bound to create a
Wing Flaps .............................RETRACT flip style checklsist with tabs at
Transponder ................................... Stby the front, and the expanded
Strobes/Lights...................................OFF
procedures on the reverse side.
It might take a bit of time to work
Parking it out, but the result is quite
Parking Brake ................................. SET
Time.............................................Record effective for use by students
Avionics .......................................... OFF when they are learning.
Magnetos...................Dead Cut Checked
Mixture ...................................... Cut-Off If you like jigsaw puzzles have
Ignition ............................................ OFF
Master Switch...................................OFF
fun!
Control Lock ............................. Installed
Paperwork................................Complete

Securing the aircraft


Control Lock ............................. Installed
Paperwork................................Complete
Tie downs/covers........................Installed

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