Developed winding diagram of

DC Machine Winding
 LAP WINDING (Progressive)
1) Draw the developed winding diagram with
the following data
 Number of armature conductor = 30
 Number of Poles = 4
 Type of winding = Double Layer, Progressive,
Simplex Lap winding.
  Calculation
No of conductor Z = 30
No of Poles P = 4
(i) Back Pitch
YB = (Z/P) + K -------- (1)
K = Constant of minimum value, that makes YB
an odd integer.
Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (1)
we get YB = 7
(ii) Front Pitch
YF = YB + 2 (Plex) -------- (2)
+ ---- Retrogressive YB< YF
- ---- Progressive YB> YF
Substituting the value of YB & Plex in equation (2)
Plex here is simplex therefore Plex = 1
we get YF = 5
  Calculation Contd…
(iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) --- (3)
Substituting Z value in equation 3
We get CS = 15
(iv) No of Brushes = P * Plex ----- (4)
Substituting P & Plex value in equation 4
we get Brushes = 4
(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex. ---- (5)
commutator
segment
= Width of one commutator segment
  Calculation Contd…
(vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6)
Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (6) & assuming
distance between 2 conductors as 1cm
we get Pole Pitch (PP) = 7.5 cm
(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7)
Substituting PP value in equation 7
we get Pole Arc = 5.3cm
(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8)
Substituting PP value in equation 8
we get Air Gap = 2.2cm
  Winding Table
At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 5 At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 5
Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected
coil side coil side coil side coil side

1+7=8 8–5=3 15 + 7 = 22 22 – 5 = 17
3 + 7 = 10 10 – 5 = 5 17 + 7 = 24 24 – 5 = 19
5 + 7 = 12 12 – 5 = 7 19+ 7 = 26 26 – 5 = 21
7 + 7 = 14 14 – 5 = 9 21 + 7 = 28 28 – 5 = 23
9 + 7 = 16 16 – 5 = 11 23+ 7 = 30 30 – 5 = 25
11 + 7 = 18 18 – 5 = 13 25 + 7 = 2 32 – 5 = 27
13 + 7 = 20 20 – 5 = 15 27 + 7 = 4 34 – 5 = 29
29 + 7 = 6 36 – 5 = 31 (1)
 Winding Diagram
Placing of conductors & Connection
25 27 29 2 4 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

27 29 2 4
 Winding Diagram
1. Placing the Poles
2.Marking the Direction of Rotation &
3.Direction of current DOR for Generator

25 27 29 2 4 6

N S N S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

27 29 2 4
  Sequence Diagram

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1
 Winding Diagram
DOR for Generator

25 27 29 2 4 6

N S N S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

27 29 2 4
  Sequence Diagram

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1

+ - + -
 Winding Diagram
Placing Commutator and Brushes DOR for Generator

25 27 29 2 4 6

N S N S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

27 29 2 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

DC Output + - + -
 2) Simplex Retrogressive Lap Winding
Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC
Series Motor with following details
No of Poles = 4
No of coil sides = 28
No of coil sides/slot = 2
Type of winding = Simplex, Lap,
Retrogressive.
Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the
winding is double layer.
  Calculation
No of conductor Z = 28
No of Poles P = 4
(i) Back Pitch
YB = (Z/P) + K = (28/4) + 0 = 7 ------- (1)
(ii) Front Pitch
YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 + 2(1) = 9 ---- (2)
+ ---- Retrogressive Y B< Y F
- ---- Progressive Y B> Y F
(iii) No of commutator segments
CS = (Z/2) = (28/2) = 14 ------- (3)
(iv) No of Brushes
Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 1 = 4 ----- (4)
  Calculation Contd…
(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5)
commutator
segment
= Width of one * 1
commutator
segment
= Width of one
commutator segment
  Calculation Contd…
(vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6)
= (28/4) * 1cm = 7cm

(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7)

= 0.7 * 7cm = 4.9 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8)

= 0.3 * 7cm = 2.1cm
  Winding Table
At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 9 At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 9
Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected
coil side coil side coil side coil side

1+7=8 8 – 9 = -1 (27) 15 + 7 = 22 22 – 9 = 13
27 + 7 = 34 (6) 6 – 9 = -3 (25) 13 + 7 = 20 20 – 9 = 11
25 + 7 = 32 (4) 4 – 9 = -5 (23) 11 + 7 = 18 18 – 9 = 9
23 + 7 = 30 (2) 2 – 9 = -7 (21) 9 + 7 = 16 16 – 9 = 7
21 + 7 = 28 28 – 9 = 19 7 + 7 = 14 14 – 9 = 5
19 + 7 = 26 26 – 9 = 17 5 + 7 = 12 12 – 9 = 3
17 + 7 = 24 24 – 9 = 15 3 + 7 = 10 10 – 9 = 1
 3) Duplex Retrogressive Lap Winding
Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC
Series Motor with following details
No of Poles = 4
No of coil sides = 36
No of coil sides/slot = 2
Type of winding = Duplex, Lap,
Retrogressive.
Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the
winding is double layer.
  Calculation
No of conductor Z = 36
No of Poles P = 4
(i) Back Pitch
YB = (Z/P) + K = (36/4) + 0 = 9 ------- (1)
(ii) Front Pitch
YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 9 + 2(2) = 13 ---- (2)
+ ---- Retrogressive Y B< Y F
- ---- Progressive Y B> Y F
(iii) No of commutator segments
CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3)
(iv) No of Brushes
Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 2 = 8 ----- (4)
  Calculation Contd…
(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5)
commutator
segment
= Width of one * 2
commutator
segment
= 2 times Width of one
commutator segment
  Calculation Contd…
(vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6)
= (36/4) * 1cm = 9cm

(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7)

= 0.7 * 9cm = 6.3 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8)

= 0.3 * 9cm = 2.7cm
  Winding Table
Winding Table 1 Winding Table 2
At the Back YB = 9 At the Front YF = 13 At the Back YB = 9 At the Front YF = 13
Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected
coil side coil side coil side coil side
1 + 9 = 10 10 – 13 = -3 (33) 3 + 9 = 12 12 – 13 = -1 (35)
33 + 9 = 42 (6) 6 –13 = -7 (29) 35 + 9 = 44 (8) 8 –13 = -5 (31)
29 + 9 = 38 (2) 2 – 13 = -11 (25) 31 + 9 = 40 (4) 4 – 13 = -9 (27)
25 + 9 = 34 34 – 13 = 21 27 + 9 = 36 36 – 13 = 23
21+ 9 = 30 30 – 13 = 17 23+ 9 = 32 32 – 13 = 19
17 + 9 = 26 26 – 13 = 13 19 + 9 = 28 28 – 13 = 15
13 + 9 = 22 22 – 13 = 9 15 + 9 = 24 24 – 13 = 11
9 + 9 = 18 18 – 13 = 5 11 + 9 = 20 20 – 13 = 7
5 + 9 = 14 14 – 13 = 1 7 + 9 = 16 16 – 13 = 3
4) Duplex Progressive Lap Winding
Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC
Generator with following details
No of Poles = 6
No of conductors = 36
Type of winding = Duplex, Lap,
Progressive,
Double layer.
  Calculation
No of conductor Z = 36
No of Poles P = 6
(i) Back Pitch
YB = (Z/P) + K = (36/6) + 0 = 7 ------- (1)
(ii) Front Pitch
YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 - 2(2) = 3 ---- (2)
+ ---- Retrogressive Y B< Y F
- ---- Progressive Y B> Y F
(iii) No of commutator segments
CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3)
(iv) No of Brushes
Brushes = P * Plex = 6 * 2 = 12 ----- (4)
  Calculation Contd…
(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5)
commutator
segment
= Width of one * 2
commutator
segment
= 2 times Width of one
commutator segment
  Calculation Contd…
(vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6)
= (36/6) * 1cm = 6cm

(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7)

= 0.7 * 6cm = 4.2 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8)

= 0.3 * 6cm = 1.8cm
  Winding Table
Winding Table 1 Winding Table 2
At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 3 At the Back YB = 7 At the Front YF = 3
Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected Coil side --- connected
coil side coil side coil side coil side
1+7=8 8–3=5 3 + 7 = 10 10 – 3 = 7
5 + 7 = 12 12 - 3 = 9 7 + 7 = 14 14 - 3 = 11
9 + 7 = 16 16 –3 = 13 11 + 7 = 18 18 –3 = 15
13 + 7 = 20 20 – 3 = 17 15 + 7 = 22 22– 3 = 19
17 + 7 = 24 24 – 3 = 21 19 + 7 = 26 26 – 3 = 23
21 + 7 = 28 28 – 3 = 25 23 + 7 = 30 30 – 3 = 27
25 + 7 = 32 32 – 3 = 29 27 + 7 = 34 34 – 3 = 31
29 + 7 = 36 36 – 3 = 33 31 + 7 = 38 (2) 2 – 3 = -1 (35)
33 + 7 = 40 (4) 4–3=1 35 + 7 = 42 (6) 6–3=3
 WAVE WINDING
PROBLEM (Progressive Wave)

1) Design and draw 4 pole progressive wave

winding for an armature with 26 conductors
accommodated in 13 slots, show position of
brush, direction of current etc.,
 Solution
 Calculation
I. In wave winding Yb and Yf can be calculated from
commutator pitch Yc
Z  2( Plex) 26  2(1)
Yc   7
P 4
IF
Yc is a odd Yc is a even Yc is a fraction number
number number
Yb = Yc Yb = Yc + 1 Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil
and calculate Yc, then
Yf = Yc Yf = Yb -+ 2 depending on value of Yc
calculate Yb and Yf.
 Calculation contd…
II. Here in this example Yc is odd number, therefore
Yb = Yf = Yc = 7
III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2
conductors
= (26/4) * 1cm
= 6.5 cm
IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.5cm
V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 2cm
VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26
segment 2 2
= 13
 Calculation contd…
VII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2
VIII) Brush Width = Width of one * Plex
commutator segment
= Width of one *1
commutator segment
= Width of one
commutator segment
  Winding Table
At the back At the front At the back At the front
Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected
Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side

1+7=8 8 + 7 = 15 15 + 7 = 22 22 + 7 = 29 (3)
3 + 7 =10 10 + 7 = 17 17 + 7 = 24 24 + 7 = 31 (5)
5 + 7 = 12 12 + 7 = 19 19 + 7 = 26 26 + 7 = 33 (7)
7+7 = 14 14 + 7 = 21 21 + 7 = 28 28 + 7 = 35 (9)
9 + 7 = 16 16 + 7 = 23 23 + 7 = 30 (4) 4 + 7 = 11
11 + 7 = 18 18 + 7 = 25 25 + 7 = 32 (6) 6 + 7 = 13
13 + 7 = 20 20 + 7 = 27 (1)
  Winding Diagram
(Placing & Connecting conductors )
21 23 25 2 4 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

20 22 24 26 1 3 5 7
  Winding Diagram
1.Fixing Poles
2. Direction of rotation Motor
3. Direction of current Direction of Rotation

21 23 25 2 4 6

N S N S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

20 22 24 26 1 3 5 7
  Winding Diagram
(Fixing commutator)
Motor
Direction of Rotation

21 23 25 2 4 6

N S N S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

0 22 24 26 1 3 5 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
  Winding Diagram
(Placing the Brushes)
Motor
Direction of Rotation
21 23 25 2 4 6

N S N S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

0 22 24 26 1 3 5 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
  Sequence Diagram

8 22 10 24 12 26 14 2 16 4 18 6 20

1 15 3 17 5 19 7 21 9 23 11 25 13 1

+ -
  Winding Diagram
(Placing the Brushes) Motor
Direction of Rotation
21 23 25 2 4 6

N S N S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

20 22 24 26
1 3 5 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

DC Input
 2) Problem (Retrogressive Wave)

2) Draw the simplex retrogressive wave winding

with 4 pole DC machine having 26 armature
conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix
the position of poles, direction of induced
emf.
 Solution
 Calculation
I) Commutator Pitch

Z  2( Plex) 26  2(1)
Yc   6
P 4
Yc is a odd Yc is a even Yc is a fraction number
number number
Yb = Yc Yb = Yc + 1 Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil
and calculate Yc, then
Yf = Yc Yf = Yb -+ 2 depending on value of Yc
calculate Yb and Yf.
 Calculation contd…
II. Here in this example Yc is even number, therefore
Yb = Yc + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
Yf = Yb -+ 2 = 7 – 2 = 5
III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2
conductors
= (26/4) * 1cm
= 6.5 cm
IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.55cm
V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 1.95cm
VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26
segment 2 2
= 13
 Calculation contd…
VII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2
VIII) Brush Width = Width of one * Plex
commutator segment
= Width of one *1
commutator segment
= Width of one
commutator segment
  Winding diagram
At the back At the front At the back At the front
Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected
Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side

1+7=8 8 + 5 = 13 13 + 7 = 20 20 + 5 = 25
25 + 7 =32 (6) 6 + 5 = 11 11 + 7 = 18 18 + 5 = 23
23 + 7 = 30 (4) 4+5=9 9 + 7 = 16 16 + 5 = 21
21+7 = 28 (2) 2+5=7 7 + 7 = 14 14 + 5 = 19
19 + 7 = 26 26 + 5 = 31 (5) 5 + 7 = 12 12 + 5 = 17
17 + 7 = 24 24 + 5 = 29 (3) 3 + 7 = 10 10 + 5 = 15
15 + 7 = 22 22 + 5 = 27 (1)
 3) Problem (Dummy Coil)

3) Draw the simplex retrogressive, wave winding

with 4 pole DC machine having 24 armature
conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix
the position of poles & direction of current.
 Solution
 Calculation
I) Commutator Pitch
Z  2( Plex) 24  2(1)
Yc    5.5
P 4
Yc is a odd Yc is a even Yc is a fraction number
number number
Yb = Yc Yb = Yc + 1 Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil
and calculate Yc, then
Yf = Yc Yf = Yb -+ 2 depending on value of Yc
calculate Yb and Yf.
Because Yc is a fraction no, by removing 1 coil as “Dummy
coil” no of active conductors become 22. Therfore Yc = 5
 Calculation contd…
II. Here in this example Yc is odd number, therefore
Yb = Yf = Yc = 5
III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2
conductors
= (24/4) * 1cm
= 6 cm
IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6cm = 4.2cm
V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6cm = 1.8cm
VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 22
segment 2 2
= 11
 Calculation contd…
VII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2
VIII) Brush Width = Width of one * Plex
commutator segment
= Width of one *1
commutator segment
= Width of one
commutator segment
  Winding diagram
At the back At the front At the back At the front
Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected Coil Connected
Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side Side ---------Coil side

1+5=6 6 + 5 = 11 11 + 5 = 16 16 + 5 = 21
21 + 5 = 26 (4) 4+5=9 9 + 5 = 14 14 + 5 = 19
19 + 5 = 24 (2) 2+5=7 7 + 5 = 12 12 + 5 = 17
17 + 5 = 22 22 + 5 = 27 (5) 5 + 5 = 10 10 + 5 = 15
15 + 5 = 20 20 + 5 = 25 (3) 3+5=8 8 + 5 = 13
13 + 5 = 18 18 + 5 = 23 (1)
  Winding Diagram
(Placing & Connecting conductors )

Dummy
Coil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
(Total no of
conductors)

2 1 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
(No of Active
Conductors)