First City Providential College

Brgy. Narra, Francisco Homes Subdivision, City of San Jose del Monte,
Bulacan

Understand the perception of child labor in Grade 11 students in First City

Providential College towards the effects of child labor

A Research Paper Presented to

First City Providential College

Prepared by:

Hazel B. Marquez

Submitted to: Ms. Giselle Magtalas

 Chapter1

Introduction
According to thekiasnight.com child labor can affects in physical and mental health
of children is hinder their proper development. The worst of the child labour is to
encompasses all form of slavery or such a forced labor, trafficking and so on. The includes
activities endanger to their safety and the morals of the children such as pornography,drug
trafficking. The negative effects of child labor is a difficulty of task and harsh working
conditions and create a numbers of problems like malnutrition, depression etc. In certain
cases, child labor are also danger in a child dignity and their morals especially in sexual
exploitation is involved such as prostitution and child pornography.

Review of Related Literature

For decades, child labor has been an important global issue associated with
inadequate educational opportunities, poverty and gender inequality.1 Not all types of work
carried out by children are considered child labor. Engagement of children or adolescents in
work with no influence on their health and schooling is usually regarded positive. The
International Labor Organization (ILO) describes child labor as ‘work that deprives children
of their childhood, potential and dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental
development’.2 This definition includes types of work that are mentally, physically, socially
or morally harmful to children; or disrupts schooling.(Abdalla Ibrahim, Salma M Abdalla,
Mohammed Jafer, Jihad Abdelgadir, Nanne de Vries, Child labor and health: a systematic
literature review of the impacts of child labor on child’s health in low- and middle-income
countries.

According to the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child is a

person under 18 years of age. The 1999 ILO Convention on Worst Forms of Child Labour
(C182) indicates that the term "child" apply to all persons under 18 years. Child Labour
refers to work that impairs children's wellbeing or hinders their development and future
livelihoods. Such work is damaging to a child's physical, social, mental, psychological or
spiritual livelihoods because it is performed too early an age or otherwise unsuitable for
children On the whole, the decade brought forth a rich and comprehensive body of literature
on child labor. These studies cover Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao; the three major industry
sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and service, and a whole array of subtypes of work in
the formal and informal sector. They give us a more or less in-depth picture of child workers’
personal characteristics, the kind of households they belong to, the kind of work they are
involved in and in what manner, the profile of some of their employers, and the sort of
communities they live and work in. One study recounts the historical experience of child
labor in the Philippines and shows that children’s labor had been utilized and exploited in the
Philippines since Spanish colonization. Some of the case write ups of child workers enable us
to feel, in more intimate terms, the disadvantaged situation of individual children who work.(
Rosario Del Rosario, Melinda A Bonga). Child labor remains a major public health concern
in LMICs, being associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Current
efforts against child labor need to be revisited, at least in LMICs. Further studies following a
longitudinal design, and using common methods to assess the health impact of child labor in
different country contexts would inform policy making.

This article presents an overview of the recent literature on child labour with a
view to determining consistent and feasible policies to deal with the problem. For this
purpose it takes an economic perspective and focuses on demand and supply. A framework is
set out for discussing the incentives that lead to child labour and that can be used as means of
combating it. The first section considers conceptual and empirical problems in defining child
labour and discusses some recent estimates of its magnitude. The second focuses on the
determinants of child labour-first on supply, then on demand. The third sets out a welfare
economics framework within which policy interventions can be analysed.

Review of Related Studies

According to Fernandez.et al (2014). Child Labor, Poverty and School Attendance:

Evidences from the Philippines by Region. CNU Journal of Higher Education. Volume 8.
114-127. The study examined the relationship between poverty and child labor in the
Philippines by region. It investigated how school attendance of working children relates to
poverty incidence covering the period 2008-2012. The study utilized data from the Bureau of
Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES) and the National Statistics Coordination Board
(NSCB) to determine the relationships among poverty, prevalence of child labor and the
number of working children not attending school. Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient was employed in the analysis. Findings revealed that poverty incidence and
prevalence of child labor were strongly correlated. Similarly, poverty incidence strongly
associates with the number of working children not attending school. Poverty displaces these
children from school. School children are enticed to participate in the labor force because of
short-term income opportunities. There is, however, no relationship between prevalence of
child labor and the number of working children not attending school. Empirical data revealed
that CARAGA, ARMM and Zamboanga have high percentages of poor individuals compared
with other regions of the country with large number of children not attending school. It is
evident that children have taken on the responsibility of augmenting the household incomes
and of providing the needs of their households. There is enough evidence that conclude that
poverty pushes children to participate in the labor force for them augment household income.
It is recommended that the government, aside from ensuring free basic education, should
provide and construct schools close to poor communities so that all children who cannot pay
transportation costs are able to attend school. Until recently, most studies linking child labor
and health have focused on the health of currently working children. Presented a mixed
picture of international evidence regarding the impact of child labor on health, primarily
because of data limitations. Data on the extent of child labor itself is subject to considerable
error, but data on the incidence of child injuries on the job are even more problematic.
Sources of information come from government surveillance, sometimes supplemented by
data from worker’s compensation or occupational health and safety incidence These latter
sources are less likely to be present in the informal labor marketsch child labor is most
common, and government surveillance is often weak. Neverthelessnjury rates are not small:
of working children aged 10-14, 9% are estimated to suffer injuries annually, and 3.4% are
estimated to suffer disabling injuries.

The interview format used for the children's enrollment into the program was a
template from which socioeconomic conditions, academic performance, and child labor
variables were evaluated. The academic performance factor was determined using the
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

Statement of the problem

The main objective of this research is to understand the perception of child labor in
Grade 11 students in First City Providential College towards the effects of child labor

1.understand the Disadvantages of child labor through the grade 11 students of First City
Providential College

2.determine the impacts of child labor on academic performance in Grade 11 students in First
City Providential College

3 understand the factors responsible for child labor in Grade 11 students in First City Providential
College

Significance of the study

This study is significant in probing the Understanding the perceptions of Grade 11

students in First City Providential College towards the effects of child labor. It is beneficial
to the students to know the effects of child labor. The research will also benefit the parents
because they will know the situation of their son/daughter towards child labor. Most
importantly, it will be beneficial for future researcher because it will be the source of
information about child labor in First City Providential college that they can used to their
future research.

Scope and Limitations

This study covers the effects of child labor. With limited sources and scope, this
study is bounded to achieve goals with the help of 25 students
 Conceptual framework.

Understanding the perception of grade 11

students in First City Providential College
towards the effects of child labor

Understand the disadvantages of child
labor through the grade 11 students of
First City Providential College
Determine the impacts of child labor on
academic performance in Grade 11
students in First City Providential College
Understand the factors responsible
for child labor in Grade 11 students in
First City Providential College

 Force Labor  Poor performance in their

 Poverty
 Inadequate Education class
 Illiteracy
 Abducted from their  Sleep in class hours
 Always late in school
 Large family size
families

Definition of terms

 Prevalence: (noun)the fact or condition of being prevalent; commonness

 Thematic: (adjective) 1.having or relating to subjects or a particular subject. "the
orientation of this anthology is essentially thematic"
 2.LINGUISTICS belonging to, relating to, or denoting the theme of a sentence.
 Exploited: make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource).
 Compensation : (noun)something, typically money, awarded to someone as a
recompense for loss, injury, or suffering.
 Augment: (verb)/ôɡˈment/ make (something) greater by adding to it; increase.
 Feasible : (adjective) possible to do easily or conveniently. Inadequate: (adjective)
possible to do easily or conveniently.
 Comprehensive : (adjective) 1.complete; including all or nearly all elements or
aspects of something.
 Surveillance: (noun) close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.
 Unsuitable: (adjective) not fitting or appropriate.
 CHAPTER II

Methology

The methodology section of this research is all about the descriptive research that
tackles about the effects of child labor. This research was done in the vicinity of First City
Providential College. The sources of this research, which are to answer interview questions
honestly and truthfully. The results or the information that will be gained from the answers
of the respondents were very convenient for the research.Lastly the respondents are Grade
11 students.

Research design

A descriptive research about the effects of child labor which is a qualitative

research.The method is used because it identifies various idea, different opinions and
several perspective of the respondents who are the Grade 11 students. This research is
made to determine the effects of child labor. This method also summarizes credible sources
of information and applies high standards defines that the research can be imitated,
reproduced, observed and differentiated with other studies.

Research setting

The qualitative research was done in the First City Providential College. The
researcher knew there are the effects of child labor.

Respondents of the study

The respondents were the Grade 11 students in First City Providential College.
The respondents must know the effects of child labor for him or her to be eligible for the
research. Lastly, the respondents must be honest and truthful when answering the survey
questions. This study has used the biased samples specifically convenience sample.

Data gathering procedures

At least a minute or two is given to the respondents before they respectively

answer the questions. Each questions have its own significant means that can give
explanation to the said topic. Also, the questions that were asked to elaborate more the
research questions which were very convenient to the study. Furthermore, biased sampling,
specifically convenience sampling is the kind of sampling that was used.
Data gathering instruments

The researcher used survey questions for this study with a qualitative type. 15
questions comprised the said survey.

Data processing

The researcher asked 15 questions to the respondents through an survey. Each

question has its own significant means in explaining the effects of child labor.
 CHAPTER III

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Should be your parents allow you work in early age?

10

0
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents one answered strongly agree, six answered agree, eight
answered disagree, ten answered strongly disagree.

2. Should I follow my parents to work in early age?

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Strongly
Agree Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents one answered strongly agree, nine answered agree, seven
answered disagree, eight answered strongly disagree.
 3. I can’t focus on my academic performance because of my parents.

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents five answered strongly agree, nine answered agree, seven
answered disagree, ten answered strongly disagree.

4. Does your family don’t encourage you to study?

12

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents four answered strongly agree, three answered agree, nine
answered disagree, twelve answered strongly disagree.
 5. Do I need to work in early age to support my family expenses?

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents five answered strongly agree, ten answered agree, six
answered disagree, three answered strongly disagree.

6. I usually sleep in class because I don’t have enough sleep.

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents three answered strongly agree, two answered agree, eight
answered disagree, eleven answered strongly disagree.
 7. I usually having a low grade because I don’t have enough time to study.

12

10

0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents one answered strongly agree, one answered agree, twelve
answered disagree, eleven answered strongly disagree.

8. Im always late in class hours.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents four answered strongly agree, six answered agree, six
answered disagree, nine answered strongly disagree.
 9. My teachers being rude to me because im always late in his/her class.

12

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents two answered strongly agree, two answered agree, twelve
answered disagree, nine answered strongly disagree.

10. In quizzes Im having low marks.

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents two answered strongly agree, five answered agree, five
answered disagree, thirteen answered strongly disagree.
 11. I don’t have enough money to sustain my school works.

14

12

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents two answered strongly agree, six answered agree, four
answered disagree, thirteen answered strongly disagree.

12. I must get a job to support my family in early age.

12

10

0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents one answered strongly agree, eleven answered agree, ten
answered disagree, three answered strongly disagree.
 13. I must wake early to assist my siblings.

14

12

10

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents three answered strongly agree, fourteen answered agree,
one answered disagree, seven answered strongly disagree.

14. I must check my siblings in time.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents nine answered strongly agree, eight answered agree, two
answered disagree, six answered strongly disagree
 15. Having a large size family affects my academic performance in school.

0
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Out of twenty- five respondents six answered strongly agree, three answered agree, nine
answered disagree, seven answered strongly disagree.

Table 2. Distribution of Table According to Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

14 56%
MALE

11 44%
FEMALE

25 100%
TOTAL
 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Profile of Respondents
Table 1: Grade 11 students of First City Providential College

2. SURVEY QUESTIONS
 For the first question 10 of the respondents strongly disagreed on “should be your
parents allowed you to work in early age”.
 For the 2nd question 9 of the respondents agreed on “should I follow my parents to
work in early age”.
 For the 3rd question 10 of the respondents strongly disagreed on “I can’t focus on my
academic performance because of my parents”.
 For the 4th question 12 of respondents strongly disagreed on “does your family don’t
encourage you to study”.
 For the 5th question 10 of respondents agreed on “do I need to work in early age to
support my family expenses”.
 For 6th question 11 of respondents strongly disagreed on “I usually sleep in class
because I don’t have enough sleep”.
 For 7th question 12 of respondents disagreed on “I usually having a low grade
because I don’t have enough time to study”.
 For 8th question 9 of respondents strongly disagreed on “I’m always late in class
hours”.
 For 9th question 12 of respondents disagreed on “my teachers being rude to me
because I’m always late in his/her class”.
 For 10th question 13 of respondents strongly disagreed on “in quizzes I’m having low
marks”.
 For 11th question 13 of respondents strongly disagreed on “I don’t have enough
money to sustain my school works”.
 For 12th question 11 of respondents agreed on “I must get a job to support my family
in early age”.
 For 13th question 14 of respondents agreed on “I must wake early to assist my
siblings”.
 For 14th question 9 of respondents strongly agreed on “I must check my siblings in
time”.
 For 15th question 9 of respondents disagreed on “having a large size family affects
my academic performance in school
 CONCLUSION
For the foregoing summary of findings, the researcher had drawn
the following findings:
 Most of the grade 11 students understand the perception of
child labor.
 Several students are forced to be a victim of child labor
because of some factors.

RECOMMENDATIONS
In the light of the findings and conclusion, the following
recommendations are suggested:

Students: should know the importance of understanding the perception of child

labor.
Future researchers: This study will help the future researchers who would make a
related study as their reference.

Tally

QUESTIONS SA A D SD

Question 1 10 6 8 1

Question 2 8 9 7 1

Question 3 10 9 4 2

Question 4 12 3 9 1

Question 5 3 10 6 6

Question 6 11 2 8 4

Question 7 11 1 12 1

Question 8 9 6 6 4

Question 9 9 2 12 2
Question 13 5 5 2
10
Question 13 6 4 2
11
Question 3 11 10 1
12
Question 7 14 1 3
13
Question 6 8 2 9
14
Question 7 3 9 6
15

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