Effects of Social Media on the Academic Performance of Grade 11 STEM B Senior High

School Students Under COVID-19 Pandemic

A Paper

Submitted to

Lala National High School

Maranding, Lala

Lanao Del Norte

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for

Practical Research 1

By

Joe Stephen Abadinas

Jericho Ceniza

Arthur Aballe

Arl Jason Gordove

May 2022
 Abstract

In the new online learning system, students learn using a medium that they also use to
browse social media networks. The purpose of this study is to determine whether students' use
of social media platforms affects their academic performance especially under COVID-19
pandemic. The results of this study could be useful in establishing new strategies and
approaches that will work in order to help the students to manage their usage and exposure to
all social media platforms. To find the answers, researchers used the whole Grade 11 STEM B
students in Lala National High School, but only 25 students respond. The primary data
gathering tool used in the study was an online survey questioner. The data collected were
analyzed, evaluated and checked correctly by fellow researchers and the results showed that
the social media platform does affect students' academic performance in both positive and
negative ways. Some students find social media platforms helpful as it helps them to gather
more information about their lessons and it improved their reading and communication skills,
while some students find social media platform a distraction from their studies. As a result, the
researchers concluded that the findings of this study merely reveal that Grade 11 STEM B
students use social media platforms in a variety of ways. It is up to them to decide whether or
not their use of social media sites will have a positive or negative impact on their academic
performance. This prompted the researchers to recommend that schools teach students the
value of time management and balancing schoolwork and other responsibilities and many more.
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our gratitude appreciation and thanks to the people who help
us to overcome the success of our research study and research papers. First and foremost, to
our parents who gave us financial assistance and understanding they gave. To our friends for
the support, source of information, ideas, and feedbacks they gave. To Mrs. April Mae O.
Turtogo who untiringly taught us, who is patient in our research study, and who help us in one
way or another in order to achieve success in our research study. And also, to Arthur Aballe’s
house who gave us the important pieces of equipment and strong internet connection that is
needed in our research study. And most especially our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ who
always gives us strength, knowledge, and wisdom in our studies and who helps us in everything
and is the source of all goodness.
 Chapter 1

Background of the Study

Today, the world celebrates advancements in communication technology that have

broadened the scope of communication via Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs). Without a doubt, modern communication technology has transformed the entire world
into a “Global village.” However, technology, like two sides of a coin, has both positive and
negative aspects. It assists people in becoming more informed, enlightened, and up to date on
global events (Sode, 2019).

Technology exposes humanity to a better way of doing things. In recent years, the use of
digital platforms for educational purposes has expanded especially during in the early years
COVID-19 pandemic, and growing use of smartphones and social media have had a significant
impact on students’ academic performance. These networks present numerous opportunities as
well as threats to students in a variety of fields. Addiction to social media and its impact on
students’ academic performance prompted us to design and carry out this study. The goal of
this study was to look into the effects of social media on academic performance of Grade 11
STEM B senior high school students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic at Lala National
High School.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of social media on Grade 11 STEM B senior
high school students under COVID-19 pandemic, specifically to answer the following questions:

1. Does use of social media has any negative impact on Grade 11 STEM B students’
academic performance?
2. Does use of social media has any positive impact on Grade 11 STEM B students’
academic performance?
3. Is there any difference in academic performance between students who use social
media and those who don’t?

Hypothesis

1. Ho: Social media does not affects the academic performance of Grade 11 STEM B
senior high school students under COVID-19 pandemic.
Ha: Social media affects the academic performance of Grade 11 STEM B senior high
school students under COVID-19 pandemic.
Significance of the Study

This study is very important because not only the students can benefit in this study but
the teachers and parents as well. Social media is very important to the students because if we
will be able to guide them on how to use social media correctly, the social media will improve
the cooperative learning of the students and their communication with the teachers become
easier which means, in terms of student-centered education the use of social media is very
essential especially nowadays that we are experiencing global health crisis caused by COVID-
19 pandemic. For teachers, professional learning on social media provides a platform for
teachers to share, network and build professional learning communities. And through social
media, teachers can also enhance the interactions between students, between students and
teachers, and with people and resources outside the classroom. Last, is for the parents, parents
can also use social media as parenting styles so that they will not only enjoy using social media
but they can also use social media to guide their children’s on how to use social media properly
and so that they can also monitor their children on what they are doing in the social media.

Scope and limitation

This study was conducted to determine the effects of social media on Grade 11 STEM B
senior high school students under COVID-19 pandemic. This study was only limited to know the
positive and negative effects of social media on Grade 11 STEM B senior high school students
and how thus social media affects them. This was conducted at Lala National High School,
Maranding, Lala, Lanao Del Norte on school year 2021-2022.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Introduction

In current time, we live in a technologically advanced world where you can have a
massive chunk of knowledge in your hands with a single click of a button. Social networking
sites (SNSs) or social media have quickly become a popular way for people all over the world to
connect and interact online. Social media systems appear to be the most widely used among
youth, particularly among adolescents in second cycle institutions (Gao, Luo, & Zhang, 2012).
And according to Boyd (2014) people of all ages, particularly teenager students, have become
addicted to social media to the point where they spend a significant portion of their time
Facebooking, Instagramming, Twitting, Tiktoking, and other similar activities. Especially
nowadays that we are staying at home because we are experiencing global health crisis caused
by COVID-19 pandemic, most of the students are now more exposed to social media which may
have different effects especially to their academic performances.

When COVID-19 spread, everyone shifted from what we call “normal life” to a more
cautious approach to the tasks we perform. The entire world was affected in every way;
businesses, livelihoods, transportation, way of life, and much more. Everyone was concerned
about the continuity of school. Students must now learn and adapt to new learning types and
methods in order to continue their education even in the midst of a pandemic. Students can now
easily access social media platforms because they are learning online (Jacinto et al., 2021).

Social media are interactive digital channels that allow people to share information,
ideas, and other kinds of expression through virtual communities and networks (Obar &
Wildman, 2015). Users typically access social media services via web-based apps on desktop
computers or by downloading services that provide social media functionality to mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablets. According to Kietzmann & Hermkens (2011) “as users
interact with these electronic services, they create highly interactive platforms on which
individuals, communities, and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, participate in, and
modify user-generated or self-curated content posted online”. Furthermore, social media is used
to record memories, learn about and discover new things, advertise oneself, and create
friendships, as well as the development of ideas through the creation of blogs, podcasts, videos,
and gaming sites (O’keeffe & Clarke-Pearson, 2011).
 Social media has grown in power and has impacted the entire world in every way. So,
Boyd & Ellison (2007) discovered that millions of people, particularly students, were drawn to
social networking sites (SNSs) or social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Tiktok,
Twitter, Instagram, and many more. They spend a lot of time on these sites uploading and
downloading files, learning about their careers or academic work, and they are also constantly
online chatting with their friends, watching online movies, and doing research. This activity
becomes a habit because some people find it difficult to study without the distraction of social
networking sites (Abrenica, Torres, & Vargas, 2021).

Students nowadays rely on the internet and social media because it has become a part
of their daily lives. Now that students are learning through modular and online methods, there is
no doubt that social media can have an impact on their academic life in some ways (Jacinto et
al, 2021). And there have been studies conducted on the relationship between social media
usage and student academic performance. According to the findings of one study, using social
media improves students’ academic performance by improving their socialization, reading, and
general knowledge skills. However, their unhealthy and unnecessary use of social media may
have a negative impact on their academic performance (Alalwan, 2017). Another study found
that while all students use social media, they rarely use it for school-related purposes. As a
result, the study determined that their use of social media has no bearing on their academic
performance (Matikiti, 2016). This research, however, took placed before the Covid-19
pandemic. And now students must use social media in order to succeed in the new educational
system.

Change is unavoidable, just as technology evolves. Because of the widespread use of

social networking sites, where interaction is mediated through the computer via the Internet, the
true importance of personal life interaction is currently being overlooked, particularly among
students, who make up the majority of users. People, particularly students, are attracted or
tempted to communicate with their friends or surf the Internet instead of doing their schoolwork
or reading their notes, as seen by this and many social networking sites. Many students gets
addicted to the Internet and spend a significant amount of time on social networking sites
(Abrenica, Torres, & Vargas, 2021).

According to Tan (2014) “social media will be part of students lives either academically
or livelihood, as it becomes a part of people’s lives and became a way of living and had
affected students and other people’s personal and professional lives”. Furthermore, there is
also one study discovered that social media use has a considerable impact on respondents’
performance, and that there is a positive relationship between the use of social media sites and
academic performance (Sode, 2019).

Conceptual Framework

This section of the review of related literature concentrated on conceptualizing the

study's variables. The conceptual framework in this study, in particular, demonstrates how the
variables of the study are related. Following a thorough review of the literature, this framework
was developed.

As illustrated in Figure 1, social media has a general influence on students' academic

performance. The review demonstrates that students' addiction to social media, social media
usage, and social media exposure have an impact on their academic performance. These
predictor variables are also likely to influence students' academic performance independently.

Social Media Exposure

Social Media Usage Academic Performance

Social Media Addiction

Figure 1: Adapted Conceptual Framework.

 Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

The descriptive correlation study approach was executed to collect the data on the
research study involving the effects of social media on the Academic Performance of Grade 11
STEM B Senior High School Students under Covid-19 Pandemic, the study was done through
the use of online survey questionnaire. By the use of research method, the researcher was able
to administer secure, dependable, accurate, and complete data or information that is required to
interrogate the effects of social media on the academic performance of Grade 11 STEM B
Senior High School Students under Covid-19 Pandemic using this study approach.

Participants

This study was established specifically for students at the Students of LaLa National
High School, specifically Grade 11 STEM B Students. Talking about the internet, Students are
considered to be more connected than ever before thanks to the Internet, making students as
the primary costumer and the most vivid users of SNS’s. The respondent comprises of 50% of
the population of the students enrolled in Grade 11 STEM B in the school year 2021-2022. In
conclusion, Half of the total population or 25 Grade 11 STEM B Students filled up the given
questionnaire and was able to answer the given survey. The survey was given to only the Grade
11 STEM B Students inside of LaLa National High School.

Instruments

The researcher come up with a self-generated questionnaire with the help of google
form, to collect the necessary data related on the effects of social media on the academic
performance of Grade 11 STEM B Senior High School Students under Covid-19 Pandemic in
the Lala National High School. The questionnaire consists of 5 Questions, where each question
is relevant on formulating a conclusion magnifying the effects of social media on the academic
performance of Grade 11 STEM B students. The one of the questions in the questionnaire also
ask the respondents on the did the social media affect your academic performance, perhaps
this one of the most significant questions among all, that is because this will reveal the
information that will help finish the paper and complete this research study.
Procedures

Inside the Grade 11 STEM B classroom, all students were chosen to answer the survey
questionnaires, but only 25 students respond. The data are collected and gathered with the help
of research-made instrument. The questions inside the questionnaire have been validated and
checked by fellow researcher, this is so that we will make a question that will help to complete
the study. The question items given is answered online by marking a choice, but in the fifth and
last questions, it is required to be answer in words, sentences, or essay. The questionnaire was
issued via online using Google Form and use as a data collection instrument. The questionnaire
consists of 5 questions. Each respondent is required to answer all of the questions. In the end,
125 questions have been successfully completed, and the completed questionnaire were
obtained online.
 Chapter 4

Results and Discussion

The purpose of this research was to explore the Effects of Social Media on the
Academic Performance of Grade 11 STEM B Senior High School Students Under COVID-19
Pandemic. The previous chapter discussed the methodology used in the execution of the study
and an online survey was used. The study covered the whole Grade 11 STEM B in Lala
National High School and all Grade 11 STEM B students were selected to be the respondents
of the study, but only 25 students respond. The online questioner survey was also the main tool
for the data gathering and later administered to Grade 11 STEM B students. Throughout the
conduct of the study ethical issues were not overlooked.

Figure 2: Gender of the Respondents.

Figure 3: Age of the Respondents.

 As shown in the figure 2, considering the gender of the respondents, more than half of
the respondents were female, with a percentage of 76% and the remaining were male with a
percentage of 24%. While in the age, as shown in the figure 3 there are only 23 responses
because I set it as an optional in the respondents profile. The figure 3 shows that a greater
percentage of the respondents were 17 years old with a percentage of 69.6%, followed by 16
years old with a percentage of 26.1%, and last is 18 years old with a percentage of 4.3%. The
data suggested that a larger percentage of students were in their adolescent years. Students in
these categories are more likely to be fan of social media because they’re in stage in which they
find themselves more curious (Boyd, 2014).

Figure 4: Popular Social Media Platforms Used by Grade 11 STEM B Students.

Figure 4 shows the most used social networking sites or social media platforms used by
Grade 11 STEM B students. As shown in the figure, majority or 80% of the respondents
preferred Facebook. And this is followed by Tiktok with a percentage of 64%, Instagram with a
percentage of 44%, Youtube with a percentage of 36% and last is the Twitter with a percentage
of 32%.
 Figure 5: Grade 11 STEM B Students Frequency of Using Social Media

Figure 5 shows the students frequency in using social media. As shown in the figure,
56% of our respondents uses social media in 4 hours and a above a day. While the other 20%
of our respondents uses social media in 2-3 hours a day, the other 16% uses social media in 3-
4 hours a day. And the last 8% uses social media in 1-2 hours a day.

Figure 6: Grade 11 STEM B Students Purpose of Using Social Media.

Figure 6 shows the respondents reasons for using the social media. Majority or 92% of
the respondents use social media for entertainment. This was followed by 76% of the
respondents who used it for communication and educational purposes, they used social media
to have connection with their friends or relatives who are far away from them and they also used
social media to search for their assignments online. And the rest 52% of our respondents uses
social media as their past time so that they can ease their boredom.
 Figure 7:

The figure 7 shows the answers of the respondents on, does the use of social media
really affects their academic performance especially under COVID-19 pandemic. As shown in
the figure, majority of our respondents with a percentage of 76% said yes. They said that social
media affects in both positive and negative ways. They said that social media affects their
academic performance in positive ways because it helps them gather more informations about
their lessons, social media helps them to gain more knowledge about certain topics, and they
also said that social media helps them to improve their communication skills especially to their
fellow students and teachers. On the other hand, they also said that social media has also a
negative impact to their academic performance, they said the one of the negative impacts of
social media to their academic performance is that social media caused them to be distracted to
their school works, because once they already start browsing the social media it fed their desire
to procrastinate more which results them to become lazy, tired, frustrated and many more.
While the other 16% of respondents said that social media doesn’t really affects their academic
performance and while the other 8% said maybe.
 Chapter 5

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

In the new online learning system, students learn using a medium that they also use to
browse social media networks. So, based on the results of our study, we drew the following
conclusions:

1. Majority of the respondents are female, with an average age of 17 years old.
2. Majority of our respondents said that social media has affected their academic
performance in both positive and negative ways especially under COVID-19
pandemic.
3. Social media could either be beneficial or harmful to a students' academic
performance depends on how the students use and manage it.
4. Grade 11 STEM B students handle their social media platforms in different ways.
5. There is no difference in academic performance between students who use
social media and those who don’t.
6. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted that, social media affects the
academic performance of Grade 11 STEM B senior high school students under
COVID-19 pandemic.

Recommendations

The following recommendations are suggested based on the study's findings:

1. Students should use social media for educational purposes to improve their
school performance.
2. Schools should teach the students the importance of time management and
balancing school works and other things.
3. Teachers and academic institutions who are directly responsible for students'
academic success may regulate social media use by enforcing stringent rules
and regulations so that students use their online time wisely, retain attention, and
enhance academic performance.
4. Headteachers and teachers should implement strategies to encourage students
to incorporate the use of social media in their learning rather than using these
platforms for non-academic purposes.
5. Parents should keep a close eye on their children's use of social media platforms
especially for senior high school students.
6. For other researchers who want to conduct a similar study, use other variables
that were not tested in the study to identify other factors that influence the extent
of online behavior among students.
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 Appendices

Raw Data

Social Media Exposure

Social Media Usage Academic Performance

Social Media Addiction

Figure 1: Adapted Conceptual Framework.

Figure 2: Gender of the Respondents.

Figure 3: Age of the Respondents.

Figure 4: Popular Social Media Platforms Used by Grade 11 STEM B Students.

Figure 5: Grade 11 STEM B Students Frequency of Using Social Media.

Figure 6: Grade 11 STEM B Students Purpose of Using Social Media.

Figure 7: