Answer the following Guide Questions:

• What is your name? What do you want to called

with?
• Where do you live?
• What is your happiest moment?
• What is your sad moment?
• What is your favorite movie or book?
• Who is your favorite actor or actress (local or
international)?
• If you were an animal, what kind would you be?
Why?
• Name one good thing, or fun fact about yourself?
 Cell Structure
& Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
 POSTULATE
THEORY OF CELL
 Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)
• THE DISCOVERY OF CELL WAS MADE
POSSIBLE THROUGH THE INVENTION
OF THE MICROSCOPE.
• HE FIRST OBSERVED CELL IN THIN
SLICES OF BOTTLE CORK.
• HOOKED DISCOVERED MANY TINY
PORES THAT HE NAMED CELLS.
 ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
(1673)
• Used a handmade microscope to
observed pond scum and
discovered single-celled
organism.
• He called them “animalcules”
 DEVELOPMENT OF CELL
THEORY
• 1838 – German Botanist,
Mathias Schleiden, concluded
that all plants parts are made
of cells.
• 1839 – German Physiologist,
Theodore Schwann, who was a
close friend of Schleiden, stated
that cell animal tissues are
composed of cells.
• 1858 – Rudolf Virchow,
German Physician, after
extensive study of cellular
pathology, concluded that cells
must arise from pre-existing
cells.
 Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of
cells.
• Cells are the smallest working
units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting
cells through cell division.
 Modern Cell Theory
• The cell contains hereditary information
which is passed on from cell to cell during
cell division.
• All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition and metabolic activities.
• All basic chemical and physiological
functions are carried out inside the cells.
• Cell activity depends on the activities of
sub-cellular structures with in the cell.
 Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest

unit that is capable of
performing life
functions.
 Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
 Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
 Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
 “Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
 “Typical” Plant Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
 3 MAJOR PARTS OF
CELLS

1.PLASMA MEMBRANE
2.CYTOPLASM
3.NUCLEUS
 Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell

that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
• Selective Permeable

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Cell Wall
• Most
commonly
found in plant
cells & bacteria
• Supports &
protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
 Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in cell
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• ROUGH ER • SMOOTH ER
- Cell membrane - Lipid metabolism
factory and fat synthesis
- Make and export and breakdown.
proteins product - Detoxification of
drugs and
pesticides.
 Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
(Protein Synthesis)
• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking
down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
• Traffic director and
packaging site of the
cell.

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for proteins,
fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell membrane
for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
• POWER FUL DIGESTIVE
ENZYMES
• Demolition site

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 PEROXISOME
• Powerful oxidase
enzyme use to detoxify
number of harmful or
poisonous substances
including alcohol and
formaldehyde.
 Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Chloroplast
• Usually found in
plant cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis
takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
 Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow
material to enter
and leave nucleus

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain
instructions for
traits &
characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
 Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA
to build
proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
CHALLENGE YOURSELF:
Fill in the blanks with word/s that will make
the elements of cell theories correct. Refer
to the BOX for choices.
a. DNA b. flow c. independent cells
d. cell e. division f. Cells
g. chemical h. heredity i. same

1. All known living things are made up of one or

more _____.
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by
_______.
3. The fundamental unit of structure and function in
all living organisms is the _______.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total
activity of _____.
5. Energy _____ (metabolism and biochemistry)
occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain _____ which is found specifically
in the chromosomes and RNA found in the cell
nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in ____
composition in organisms of similar species.
8. Information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell
through ____
9. The basic chemical composition of all cells is
the ____.
B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT true of chloroplasts?
a. They synthesize sugar
b. They contain pigments
c. They are found in plants only
d. They appear green because of the chlorophyll.
2. Which of the following statements is always
CORRECT?
a. All cells have a cell wall
b. All cells contain a nucleus
c. All cells contain a chloroplast
d. All cells have a cell membrane
3. Which cell structure can be found in the nucleus?
a.Chloroplast c. mitochondria
b.Chromosomes d. vacuoles
4. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass
through ______.
a.golgi apparatusc. plasma membrane
b.Nucleolus d. ribosomes
5. What type of cells has these characteristics:
contains DNA but no nucleus, contain flagella,
ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane?
a. Plant b. fungi c. animal d. bacteria
6. Of the following organelles, which group is involved
in manufacturing substances needed by the cell?
a.lysosome, vacuole, ribosomes
b.Ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER
c.Smooth ER, ribosomes, vacuole
d.Vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER
7. Which part of the cell is the site of protein synthesis?
a.Lysosome b. mitochondria c. nucleus d.ribosomes
8. A cell with relatively few energy needs will probably
have a relatively small number of ____.
a.Ribosomes c. mitochondria
b. Lysosomes d. chromosomes
9. What kind of cell contains a nucleus,
mitochondria and chloroplasts?
a.Plant b. animal c. bacteria d. fungus
10. Which cell has mitochondria, ribosomes,
smooth and rough ER?
a. Bacterium b. fungus c. animal d. plant
 ACTIVITY 1
COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL
CELLS
• Objectives: After doing this activity, you should
be able to:
1. Identify parts of the cell;
2. Describe plant and animal cells;
3. Differentiate plant cells from animal cells and
4. Construct a Venn Diagram to show parts that
are common to both and parts that are only
found in either plant or animal cells.
Materials Needed:
= sheet of paper
= ball pen or pencil
= Illustrations in Figure 1 and 2
Procedure:
1. Study closely Figures 1 and 2. These are
diagrammatic presentations of plant and animal cells
and their parts.

Figure 1

Figure 2
2. With the use of Venn Diagram compare the shape of a plant
cell with that of an animal cell.
a.Which cell parts are found in both cells?
b.Which are present only in animal cells?
c.Which are present only in plant cells?
3. Present and explain your Venn diagram to the class. Base
on your observations and study of plant and animal cells, cite
differences and similarities between them.
4. The plasma membrane surrounds the whole cell. It
separates what is inside the cell from outside it. It controls
substances that go or into and out of the cell.
What will happen to the cell if the plasma membrane does not
function properly?
 Activity 2
• Instructions:
1.Construct a 3D model of
plant/animal/bacteria cell using recyclable
materials.
2.Present your output to the class.