UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
BFC 31802
(INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT)

SEMESTER 1 (2019/2020)

Name : Muhammad Amiriqmal b Hazritauding

Matric No : AF 170043
Section :5
TABLE OF CONTENT

INFORMATION PAGE

ABSTRACT 1

INTRODUCTION 2

LITERATURE REVIEW 3

METHODOLOGY 4

REFERENCES 5
ABTRACT

The road pavement condition affects safety and comfort, traffic and travel times, vehicles
operating cost and emission levels. In order to optimize the road pavement management and
guarantee satisfactory mobility conditions for all the road users, the Pavement Management
System (PMS) is an effective tool for the road manager. An effective PMS requires the availability
of pavement distress data, the possibility of data maintenance and updating, in order to evaluate
the best maintenance program. In the last decade, many researches have been focused on pavement
distress detection, using a huge variety of technological solutions for both data collection and
information extraction and qualification. This paper presents a literature review of data collection
systems and processing approach aimed at the pavement condition evaluation. Both commercial
solutions and research approaches have been included. The main goal is to draw a framework of
the actual existing solutions, considering them from a different point of view in order to identify
the most suitable for further research and technical improvement, also considering the automated
and semi-automated emerging technologies. An important attempt is to evaluate the aptness of the
data collection and extraction to the type of distress, considering the distress detection,
classification and quantification phases of the procedure.
INTRODUCTION

Alligator cracking, also referred to as fatigue cracking or crocodile cracking, refers to a

pattern of asphalt damage that resembles the scales on an alligator’s skin. The cracks form co-
joined, irregular “blocks’ that are often four-sided, such as rectangles, but they can also have more
sides and on occasion, as few as three sides. Left unrepaired, alligator cracking can result in the
need for extensive work to salvage the pavement. Typically, alligator asphalt must be removed
and replaced, and since the cracking will continue to spread, the entire surface can be destroyed in
a relatively short time. Alligator cracking is almost always the result of issues that are hidden
beneath the surface. Asphalt requires a strong foundation to enable it to bear the weight of traffic.
In the foundation becomes compromised, the asphalt cannot support the weight and it begins to
crack in a distinctive alligator pattern. There are a number of ways that an asphalt foundation can
have its integrity compromised, but the leading cause is destabilization through the introduction of
water. Cracks or potholes in asphalt should be repaired as soon as they are noticed. Otherwise,
rain, melting snow or runoff can penetrate to the foundation. This can cause the foundation to shift
or erode, and if the water freezes, it will expand and make the problem even worse. When the
frozen water melts, it will further erode the foundation. Lacking the support it needs, the asphalt
begins to crack under the weight of every vehicle that passes over the stressed area. The best way
to deal with alligator cracking is to prevent it. A regular pavement maintenance program to repair
small cracks promptly and maintain the sealcoating can help keep alligator cracking from
happening. If the asphalt has already alligator, the only true solution is to remove the damaged
asphalt, repair the foundation and replace the asphalt. Temporary measures, such as filling large
cracks and top-coating the area, offer short-term solutions at best, but these measures can
sometimes be useful to buy time for a proper “remove and replace” operation to be scheduled.
LITERATURE REVIEW

Alligator cracking, you likely already know what we are referring to. This is because
you’ve probably seen it before. This type of pavement fatigue gets its name from the way it looks.
Its distinctive pattern of cracks resembles the scales on a reptile’s back. Alligator cracking is one
of the most common ways that asphalt pavement deteriorates overtime. Unfortunately it is one of
the most serious as well.

Alligator cracking is more than just surface-level breakage. It is classified as fatigue cracking. The
problems beneath the asphalt is most likely the cause. Crocodile cracking occurs when the
pavement is carrying loads that the supporting structure and base cannot support. This is due to
the sub-base being built improperly. It is either too thin or compaction was done unevenly. Poor
drainage can also contribute to alligator cracks in asphalt.Fatigue cracking does not simply happen
overnight, but overtime and generally begins with small cracks that see further damage due to the
elements and traffic burdens. Repairing small cracks can help to lessen the chances of serious
fatigue cracks. But, if the base installation of your pavement or asphalt has been done incorrectly,
chances are, serious deterioration will occur.
METHODOLOGY

1. Temporary Fix – Sealing cracks; filling and sealing needs to take place once you see obvious
signs.

2. Long-Term Fix – Removing the asphalt to discover the underlying problem beneath the surface
will take place. It will provide a long-term solution for alligator cracks. This will ultimately
strengthen the asphalt’s base. This will help avoid continuing fatigue cracking (that will ultimately
lead to complete pavement deterioration).

3. If your pavement has severe alligator cracks in several areas due to improper base installation,
it may be more cost effective to replace the entire surface. This will allow for proper preparation,
proper installation of the support sub-base, and installation of asphalt to the proper thickness. A
proper installation is the first step in determining how your asphalt will fare the conditions. From
there, putting together a plan for maintenance and repairs is key. This will assist in preserving the
health and structure of your asphalt.
REFERENCES

1.https://scholar.google.com.my/scholar?q=pavement+distress+abstract&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vi
s=1&oi=scholar

2. https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Crocodile_cracking

3. http://greesonsealcoating.com/what-is-crocodile-cracking/

4. http://eastcoastpaving.com/blog/asphalt-alligator-cracks-what-about/