INTRODUCTION

Prepared By :
Prof. Chintan S. Raichura
Civil Engg. Dept, DIET, Rajkot
❖ A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

 A Project is defined as a temporary endeavour undertaken

to create a unique product or service or result.

 ISO 10006 defines project as a unique process, consisting

of a set of coordinated and controlled activities with start
and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective
conforming to specific requirement, including the
constrains of time, resources, cost and project quality.
❖ UNIQUE FEATURES OF A CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
• One time activity
• A definite start and finish
• Complexity –
multidisciplinary nature
• Several ad-hoc persons
involved
• Limited set of resources
• High cost
• A time frame for completion
• High risk of failure
• Difficult quality standards
• Sequencing of activity
• No practice or rehearsal
• Uniqueness of inter
relationship
• Lack of experience of client
or owner
• Feedback mechanism
• High level of subcontracting
• Uncertainty exists
❖ PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Designing Tendering
Briefing Stage
Stage Stage

Commissioning Construction
Stage Stage
❖ BRIEFING STAGE

 Purpose : To interpret owners need and permissible costs.

 Activities :
 To appoint a project steering committee
 To appoint a project manager
 To carry our technical and non-technical investigation
 To study the various alternatives and identify the most feasible one
 To prepare the project report as an outcome of this stage.
❖ BRIEFING STAGE

 Feasibility Report: It is prepared to present an in-depth techno-

economic analysis carried out on the project.

 The viability of any project mainly depends on the following

analysis :

 Technical Analysis
 Economic Analysis
 Financial Analysis
 Capital Cost of Project
 Sources of financing
 Ecological Analysis
❖ DESIGNING STAGE

 Purpose : To prepare complete project summary and determination

of method and estimated cost of project.
 Preparation of working drawings
 Specification
 Arrangements for inviting tenders

 Activities :
 To develop project summery and finalize alternative
 To carry out technical investigation
 To prepare detailed design, working drawings, specifications, bill of
quantities, final cost estimate and preliminary construction programme.
 To obtain approvals.
 Prepare construction schedule
❖ TENDERING STAGE

 Purpose : To appoint a contractor or a member of contractors, through

predefined tendering process to work on the most suitable terms and
conditions of quality, cost and completion time.

 Activities :
 To invite tenders from eligible contractors
 Pre-qualification of contractors
 To prepare contract documents
 Holding a pre-bid conference and providing necessary information
 Negotiating contract price with qualified contractor
 Reviewing submitted documents
 Clarifying ambiguities in the contract documents.
❖ CONSTRUCTION STAGE
 Purpose : The construction stage involves the execution of construction
work as per design, drawing and within agreed limits of time, cost and
specified quality.

 Activities :
 The construction planning includes preparation of various schedules for
manpower, materials, construction, plant and equipment etc.

 The control of site operations:

 Supply of materials and equipment
 Co-ordination among sub-contractors
 Supervision for quality control
 Supply of necessary drawings
❖ COMMISSIONING STAGE

 Purpose : The purpose of this stage is to ensure that the construction work
has been carried out as per the drawings and specifications, and all the
facilities developed function properly as stated in the design. During this
stage records are prepared to the actual construction work finally carried
out at site.

 Activities :
 To keep various records of actual work
 To inspect the construction work and rectify any defects
 To prepare operating instructions and maintenance manuals
 To carry out tests for performance evaluation.
❖ IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION AND
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

 Facts about Construction and Construction Industry…

 Construction is an important part of real estate and infrastructure
industry.
 Cost of construction in any infrastructure project may acquire up to
60 to 80% of total project cost.
 Construction is basic input for socio-economic development of a
country as it generates employment for both technical and non-
technical personnels of country.
 Growth of construction industry may bring growth of may other
industries depending upon it. i.e. material industry, equipment
industry, etc.
Continue…..

 Movement of construction industry largely affects growth of GDP

of any country as its ratio with growth rate of GDP falls in range of
1.5 to 1.6.
 In general health of construction industry represents health of the
economy of the country.
 Construction products such as buildings, bridges, roads, etc have a
longer life as compared to the products of other industries.
❖ CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

 Project Management : It is the art and science of mobilising and

managing people, materials, equipment and money to complete the
assigned project work on time within budgeted costs and specified
technical performance standards.

 Construction Management : It may be defined as the management

in which group of people of different categories works together, to
execute the project economically without affecting the quality in a
well planned and organised manner.
❖ SCOPE OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
 Scope of construction management covers following aspect :
✓ Planning and estimating
✓ Execution of works
✓ Financial Management
✓ Material Management
✓ Equipment Management
✓ Labour Management
✓ Site Layout
✓ Equipment and materials plant location
✓ Labour relationships
✓Industrial psychology for smooth flow of work.
❖ OBJECTIVE OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
✓ To complete the work within estimated budget & specified time
✓ To complete the work with desired quality and workmanship and as per
specification
✓ To provide safe and satisfactory working condition for all the personnel
and workers
✓ To delegate authority and taking sound decision
✓ Motivation people to achieve their maximum capacity
✓ Achieving economy in construction.
❖ NECESSITY OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
 Construction Management is needed for following factors during
construction :
✓ Co-ordination between different agencies
✓ Economy in construction
✓ Development of management and machinery
✓ Speed in Construction
✓ Quality Control of materials and workmanship
❖ FUNCTIONS OR PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
❖ IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING,
SCHEDULING AND CONTROLLING
✓ Planning : Planning aims at formulation of a time based plan of action
for co-ordinating various activities and resources to achieve specified
objectives.
 Planning is the process of developing project plan.
✓ Benefits of Planning :
 Project plan clearly defines project’s scope of work.
 By project plan objective is breakdown into manageable and quantifiable
tasks.
 It serves as basic for operation and direction of project.
 Through project plan measurement of progress and evaluation of resource
performance can be done easily.
❖ IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING,
SCHEDULING AND CONTROLLING
 Project plan serves as basis for co-ordination between different agencies.
 Project plan creates healthy environment and promote unity of purpose
among functional diversities to make people time and cost conscious.

✓ Scheduling :
 It simplifies a project plan and Bar chart type schedule provides simplified
version of the plan.
 Schedule validates time objectives.
 Schedule aids in the optimization and forecasting of resources.
 Schedule brings out implication of time and resource constraints.
❖ IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING,
SCHEDULING AND CONTROLLING
✓ Controlling :

Director
Corporate Management……. ………Strategic Control
GM/PM
Project Management…… …….Directional Control
Process Management.. Managers ….…Admin. Control
Operations Manag. Supervisors/Operator Operation. Cont.
❖ CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
CATEGORY
 Building Construction
 Infrastructure Construction
 Industrial Construction
 Special – purpose projects

 Classification of Project based on completion time :

 Classification of Project based on project value :

❖ STAKE HOLDERS OF CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT

 The construction team consists of

✓ Owner
✓ Engineer / Architects
✓ Contractor

 Delay in construction project :

 Engineer and Construction Economy

 Contractor and Construction Economy

THANK YOU

"Management must manage!"

~ Harold Geneen