A PROJECT REPORT

ON ROOF FIBERMESH WATERPROOFING

SUBMITED BY:- FINAL YEAR (8 SEMESTER)

VISHAL MALIK 1669500914

SHUBHAM VERMA 1669500911

DAVID 1669500904

MOHD.TARIK 1569500017

BATCH (2016-19)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

OPP. ALMASPUR TELEPHONE EXCHANGE, MUZAFFARNAGAR (U.P.) 2510002
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATES

We, Vishal Malik, Shubham Verma, David hereby declare that the projectreportentitled“ROOF
FIBERMESH WATERPROOFING”, Under the guidance of Mr. Arjun Choudhry, Head of the
Department, Civil Engineering Department is submitted in the fulfillment of the requirements for
the MAIN-PROJECT. This is a bonafide work carried out by us and the
resultsembodiedinthisprojectreporthavenotbeenreproduced/copiedfromanysource.
Theresultsembodiedinthisprojectreporthavenotbeensubmittedtoanyotheruniversity
orinstitutionfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiploma.

Date:

Civil EngineeringDepartment

SRGC, Muzaffarnagar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks and profound gratitude to MR. ARJUN CHOUDHRY, Hod
in“CIVILENGINEERING”forhisvaluableguidance,in completingtheproject“ROOF FIBREMESH WATER
PROOFING”, successful.

OurspecialthankstoMR. ARJUN SINGH ,

HeadoftheDepartmentforhisencouragementduringtheproject.Wearealsothankfulto
allthefacultyandworkingstaffofCivilEngineeringDepartment.

FinallywethankalltheunmentionednamesandInvisiblehandswhohelpedusin
bringingthisMAINPROJECTReporttothepresentform.
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. USE IN CONSTRUCTION
3. IN CLOTHES
4. IN OTHER PROJECTS
5. STANDARD
6. EFFECTS OF RAIN ON ROOFS
7. REASON WHY WATERPROOFING IS IMPORTANT
8. PROCESS OF WATER PROOFING
9. BENEFITS OF WATER PROOFING
10.COSTING
11. PROTECTION
12. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
13. REFERANCES & STANDARDS
 1. INTRODUCTION

Waterproofing
is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant So that it remains
relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions.
Such items may be used in wet environments or underwater to specified depths.
Water resistant and waterproof often refer to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly
.
Under pressure, whereas damp proof refers to resistance to humidity or
dampness. Permeation of Water vapor through a material or structure is reported as
a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR).

The hulls of boats and ships were once waterproofed by applying tar or pitch.
Modern items may be waterproofed by applying water-repellent coatings or by sealing seams
With gaskets or O -rings.
Waterproofing is used in reference to building structures (such as basements, decks,
or wet areas), watercraft, canvas, clothing (raincoats or waders), electronic devices and paper
packaging
(such as cartons for liquids).
 2.USE IN CONSTRUCTION

Further information: Weatherisation and Basement waterproofing

In construction, a building or structure is waterproofed with the use of membranes and

coatings to protect contents, and structural integrity. The waterproofing of the building
envelope in construction specifications is listed under 07 - Thermal and Moisture
Protection within MasterFormat 2004, by the Construction Specifications Institute, and includes
roofing and waterproofing materials.[citation needed]

In building construction, waterproofing is a fundamental aspect of creating a building envelope,

which is a controlled environment. The roof covering materials, siding, foundations, and all of
the various penetrations through these surfaces must be water-resistant and sometimes
waterproof. Roofing materials are generally designed to be water-resistant and shed water
from a sloping roof, but in some conditions, such as ice damming and on flat roofs, the roofing
must be waterproof. Many types of waterproof membrane systems are available, including felt
paper or tar paper with asphalt or tar to make a built-up roof, other bituminous waterproofing,
ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM rubber, hypalon, polyvinyl chloride, liquid roofing,
and more.

Walls are not subjected to standing water, and the water-resistant membranes used
as housewraps are designed to be porous enough to let moisture escape. Walls also
have vapor barriers or air barriers. Damp proofing is another aspect of waterproofing. Masonry
walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent rising damp, and the concrete in
foundations needs to be damp-proofed or waterproofed with a liquid coating, basement
waterproofing membrane (even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is
commonly used), or an additive to the concrete.
Within the waterproofing industry, below-ground waterproofing is generally divided into two
areas:

Tanking:
This is waterproofing used where the below-ground structure will be sitting in the water table
continuously or periodically. This causes hydrostatic pressure on both the membrane and
structure, and requires full encapsulation of the basement structure in a tanking membrane,
under slab and walls.

Damp proofing:-
This is waterproofing used where the water table is lower than the structure and there is good
free-draining fill. The membrane deals with shedding of water and the ingress of water vapor
only, with no hydrostatic pressure. Generally, this incorporates a damp proof membrane (DPM)
to the walls with a polythene DPM under slab.

With higher grade DPM, some protection from short-term Hydrostatic pressure can be gained
by transitioning the higher quality wall DPM to the slab polythene under footing, rather than at
the footing face.
In buildings using earth sheltering, a potential problem is too much humidity, so waterproofing
is critical. Water seepage can lead to mold growth, causing significant damage and air quality
issues. Properly waterproofing foundation walls is required to prevent deterioration and
seepage.

Another specialized area of waterproofing is roof top decks and balconies. Waterproofing
systems have become quite sophisticated and are a very specialized area. Failed waterproof
decks, polymer or tile, are one of the leading causes of water damage to building structures,
and of personal injury when they fail. Where major problems occur in the construction industry
is when improper products are used for the wrong application. While the term waterproof is
used for many products, each of them has a very specific area of application, and when
manufacturer specifications and installation procedures are not followed, the consequences
can be severe. Another factor, is the impact of expansion and contraction on waterproofing
systems for decks. Decks constantly move with changes in temperatures, putting stress on the
waterproofing systems. One of the leading causes of waterproof deck system failures is the
movement of underlying substrates (plywood) that cause too much stress on the membranes
resulting in a failure of the system. While beyond the scope of this reference document,
waterproofing of decks and balconies is a complex of many complimentary elements. These
include the waterproofing membrane used, adequate slope-drainage, proper flashing details,
and proper construction materials.

The penetrations through a building envelope must be built in a way such that water does not
enter the building, such as using flashing and special fittings for pipes, vents, wires, etc.
Some caulkings are durable, but many are unreliable for waterproofing.
Also, many types of geomembranes are available to control water, gases, or pollution.

From the late 1990s to the 2010s, the construction industry has had technological advances in
waterproofing materials, including integral waterproofing systems and more advanced
membrane materials. Integral systems such as hycrete work within the matrix of a concrete
structure, giving the concrete itself a waterproof quality. There are two main types of integral
waterproofing systems: the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic systems. A hydrophilic system
typically uses a crystallisation technology that replaces the water in the concrete with insoluble
crystals. Various brands available in the market claim similar properties, but not all can react
with a wide range of cement hydration by-products and thus require caution. Hydrophobic
systems use concrete sealers or even fatty acids to block pores within the concrete, preventing
water passage.
Sometimes the same materials used to keep water out of buildings are used to keep water in,
such as pool or pond liners.

New membrane materials seek to overcome shortcomings in older methods like polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Generally, new technology in
waterproof membranes relies on polymer-based materials that are very adhesive to create a
seamless barrier around the outside of a structure.

Waterproofing should not be confused with roofing, since roofing cannot necessarily
withstand hydrostatic head while waterproofing can.

The standards for waterproofing bathrooms in domestic construction have improved over the
years, due in large part to the general tightening of building codes.

3. USE IN CLOTHES
Waterproof fabric
Some garments, and tents, are designed to give greater or lesser protection against rain. For
urban use raincoats and jackets are used; for outdoor activities in rough weather there is a
range of hiking apparel. Typical descriptions are "showerproof", "water resistant", and
"waterproof".[1] These terms are not precisely defined.

A showerproof garment will usually be treated with a water-resisting coating, but is not rated to
resist a specific hydrostatic head. This is suitable for protection against light rain, but after a
short time water will penetrate. A water-resistant garment is similar, perhaps slightly more
resistant to water but also not rated to resist a specific hydrostatic head.

A garment described as waterproof will have a water-repellent coating, with the seams also
taped to prevent water ingress there. Better waterproof garments have a membrane lining
designed to keep water out but allow trapped moisture to escape ("breathability")—
a totally waterproof garment would retain body sweat and become clammy. Waterproof
garments specify their hydrostatic rating, ranging from 1,500 for light rain, to 20,000 for heavy
rain.

Waterproof garments are intended for use in weather conditions which are often windy as well
as wet, and are usually also wind resistant.

4. IN OTHER OBJECTS

Waterproofing methods have been implemented in many types of objects, including paper
packaging, cosmetics, and more recently, consumer electronics. Electronic devices used in
military and severe commercial environments are routinely conformally coated in accordance
with IPC-CC-830 to resist moisture and corrosion but encapsulation is needed to become truly
waterproof.

Even though it is possible to find waterproof wrapping or other types of protective cases for
electronic devices, a new technology enabled the release of diverse waterproof smartphones
and tablets in 2013.[2] This method is based on a special nanotechnology coating a thousand
times thinner than a human hair which protects electronic equipment from damage due to the
penetration of water. Several manufacturers use the nano coating method on their
smartphones, tablets, and digital cameras.

A water droplet on a superhydrophobic

surface

A 2013 study found that nanotextured surfaces using cone forms produce highly water-
repellent surfaces. These nanocone textures are superhydrophobic (extremely water-hating).[3]
[4]

5. Standards
 ASTM C1127 - Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied
 Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface

 ASTM D779 -Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Resistance of
Sheet Materials in Contact with Liquid Water by the Dry Indicator Method

 ASTM D2099 -Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper
Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester

 ASTM D7281 -Standard Test Method for Determining Water Migration Resistance
Through Roof Membranes

 ASTM D3393 - Standard Specification for Coated Fabrics Waterproofness

 D6135 - Standard Practice for Application of Self-Adhering Modified Bituminous

Waterproofing

 IEC 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP CodeS

 British Standards Institution BS.8102:2009 - "Protection of Below Ground Structures

against Water from the Ground".

6. EFFECTS OF RAIN ON ROOFS

In various area where there is a lot of rain during the rainy season, the problem of
moisture in roof and walls occurs generally.

Sometimes due to continuous change in temperature and atmospheric conditions the

RCC slabs starts cracking and leaking in rainy season.

Due to the cracks and moisture the finishing of the paint and roofs gets damaged.

Some of the samples are shown below.

7. Reasons Why Waterproofing Is Important

Waterproofing is one of the most critical, yet neglected concerns, because of the less exposure
to concrete technology. Most of the time it is considered as an inconvenience rather than a
serious matter. But avoiding it will increase the issue and leave your wall damped in a flood
giving a hideous look to your home. However, now it is winter season, it is the right time to get
waterproofing done to your home.

Another benefit of waterproofing in winter is that the concrete shrinks when it becomes cold,
thereby causing any cracks in the concrete to widen. Filling the cracks at their maximum width
means that the resins used in crack sealing will not have to stretch. Here are four important
reasons why your home needs waterproofing.
Protects Interiors From Water Damage
The inner part of your home is usually exposed to many unpredictable weather elements like
sun rays and rains. This includes walls, floors, the foundation and even the insulation. How
much ever you try to get your walls sealed by using steel, concrete, etc., during the
construction, they do crack and get rusted.
Waterproofing your home protects the walls from creating a seepage. It will help prevent water
damage from occurring, promoting in your fledgling building a healthy, strong start.

Prevents Onset of Health Problems

When moisture finds its way to enter your walls and ceilings, it leads to build up the growth of
mold and mildew. This creates spores, which again lead to many health problems. Spores get
projected into the air, and when you breathe in, they will straight away travel to your lungs that
can cause health problems. It’s always preferable to have waterproofing done to your home at
the right time, to keep you and your family away from such unexpected health problems.

Saves Your Money

Waterproofing your home might While waterproofing your home often makes you feel like a
daunting task, the cost of the process also seems like a blow to your budget. But, prevention is
always better than cure. It is best to think of it as a long term investment that makes money
during the building’s lifetime.
Instead of being taken aback by the costs of waterproofing your home, what you need to keep
in mind is to solve not the short term problem, but the long term one.

Promotes Long-Term Comfort

Waterproofing helps to seal a new construction site early which has been found to promote
long term comfort. The measures that are taken, help reducing the moisture in the interior of
the building. It makes it more comfortable to live in, while also providing a foundation for further
work later on. Thinking about this early can help prevent headaches about the matter later.
Build your houses on stone, not on sand. Build for the future, and you will be better prepared
for when the rains come.
8.PROCESS OF WATER PROOFING

1. Cleaning of roof: -Before doing waterproofing work the roof is

cleared thoroughly by scrubbing and water washing.

2. Applying 1st coat: - After washing the first coat of LEAK-O-SEAL

mixed with in ratio of 1:18 is layed over the surface.

3. Applying second coat with fibremesh:- After applying first coat the
second coat after laying fibremesh to provide reinforcement to
prevent any breakage or crack in chemical, second coat is applyied.

4. Third coat application:- After fibremesh coat the third coat of LEAK-
O-SEAL is applied in ratio of 1:4.

5. Fourth coat :- After applying third coat the fourth of thermal

insulation chemical is applyied by mixing leak-o-seal with the lime
based powder, which provides thermal insulation and reduces the
surface temperature which helps in keeping the under roof temrature
lower then outer atmosphere.

6. Fifth coat :- After fourth coat fifth coat of thermal insulation fifth and
final coat is applied.

BENEFITS OF WATERPROOFING
It helps in preventing moisture in roofs and slabs.

It prevents damage to the paint or pop work done in roof.

It increase the life of the slab.

It reduces the temperature of roof surface even you can walk naked feet in the highest
temperature during the summers.

You can do gardening by laying soil over the roof and grow grass in it.

It does not increase load over the structure.

Its cheaper than the brick bat coba or tiles over the roof.
 10.COSTING

It costs Rs. 65 /- per Sqft for the roof having plane surface.

The finishing depends upon the surface of the roof.

Its that much beneficial that the water that stays over the roofs gets
evaporated but not soaked by the roof.

It costs much lesser than the brick bat coba of any other process and lasts
more than for 20 years .

11.-PROTECTION

A. The Contractor shall use every available precaution to provide for the safety
of property Owners, visitors to the site, pedestrians, etc. and all connected
 with work under theContract.

B. All existing facilities, property and equipment, both above and below ground,
shall be protected and maintained free of damage. Existing facilities shall
remain operating during the period of construction. The Contractor will be
responsible for all damages to existing resulting from theirwork.

C. Barricades and fences shall be erected as required to prevent unauthorized access to

constructionareas

12.- SafetyRequirements.

1. All application, material handling, and associated

equipmentshall conform to and be operated in conformance with
OSHA safety requirements.
2. Comply with federal, state and local and Owner fire and
safety requirements.
3. Advise Owners whenever work is expected to be hazardous to
Owners, occupants, tenants, pedestrians or employees,etc..
4. Maintain a crewman as a floor area guard whenever structural decks
are being repaired or replaced.
5. Maintain proper fire extinguisher within easy access whenever
power tools, roofing kettles, and torches are beingused.
6. ALL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING OWNER MUST BE
FOLLOWED. NO EXCEPTIONS WILL BE PERMITTED. SAFETY
ORIENTATION MEETINGREQUIRED PRIOR TO PERFORMING
ANYWORK.
D. Where work must continue over waterproofing membrane, protectsurfaces.
E. Water cut-offs shall be installed at the end of each work day and when
precipitation is imminent. Water cut-offs shall be applied to all exposed edges
of the system to keep water from penetrating into or under the roofsystem.

13.-REFERENCES AND STANDARDS

 A. Referenced specifications, guidelines and/or standards published by national
societies, associations, and institutes shall be considered as part of this
specification. In all cases, the referenced specification or standard shall be
ofthe most recent publication date. Abbreviated identifications for the
particular organizations involved are as listedbelow.
1.11
1. SMACNA - Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning ContractorsNational
association, "Sheet Metal Manual", Sixth Edition,2003.

a. NRCA - National Roofing Contractors Association, "The NRCA

Roofing and Waterproofing Manual", Fifth Edition, 2003.

b. ASTM - American Society for Testing andMaterials.

2. SWRI - Sealant, Waterproofing and RestorationInstitute.

3. BIA - Brick Institute of America, latestpublication.

4. ACI - American ConcreteInstitute,

5. ICRI - International Concrete RepairInstitute.