PROBLEM SET 1

THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

Submitted by:
Agustin, Derick James
Calaro, Darell Jhon
Donato, Erhon Justine
Ramos, Richmark Joshua
Tamayo, Jade
PART I: THE DIFFERENTIAL
Find dy and simplify whenever possible

PROBLEM 1
𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 = (12𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 8𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 = (12𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥

PROBLEM 2
1
𝑦 = (12𝑥)3
SOLUTION:
1 2
𝑑𝑦 = (12𝑥 )−3 (12)𝑑𝑥
3
4𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 3
√144𝑥 2
2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 3
√18𝑥 2

PROBLEM 3
𝑦 = 4𝑒 2𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑒 2𝑥 (2)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 8𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

PROBLEM 4
3𝑥
𝑦=
𝑥−2
SOLUTION:

3(𝑥 − 2)𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 =
(𝑥 − 2)2
(3𝑥 − 6 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
(𝑥 − 2)2
−6𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
(𝑥 − 2)2
PROBLEM 5
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
SOLUTION:

1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = (𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥

PROBLEM 6
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 −2𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 (3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑥 3 (𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥)

3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑒
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
𝑒 2𝑥
(3𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦 =
𝑒 2𝑥

PROBLEM 7
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑦= +
2 4
SOLUTION:

1 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 +
2 4
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
2
2
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥

PROBLEM 8
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
PROBLEM 9
3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥
𝑦= − +
8 4 32
SOLUTION:

3 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 4𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
8 4 32
3 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
8

PROBLEM 10
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥)
SOLUTION:

1
𝑑𝑦 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥)3𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 3𝑥
3(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 3𝑥
3(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑑𝑥

PROBLEM 11
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 (−1)𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑒
1−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
PROBLEM 12
𝑥+1
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 ( )
√𝑥 − 1
SOLUTION:

𝑥+1
√𝑥 − 1(1) −
√𝑥 − 1 2√𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑦 = [ 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 (√𝑥 − 1)
2(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 1)
√𝑥 − 1 2√𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥−1
[ ]
√𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 2√𝑥 − 1(𝑥 − 1)
1 𝑥−3
𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 2(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥−3
𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + 1
PROBLEM 13
1
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( ) +𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (2𝑥)
𝑥2
SOLUTION:

−1 −2 1(2)
𝑑𝑦 = [( 2) ( 3
)] 𝑑𝑥 − [ ] 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥 √1 − (2𝑥)2
1+( )
𝑥2
−1 −2 2
𝑑𝑦 = [( ) ( 3 )] 𝑑𝑥 − [ ] 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥 √1 − 4𝑥 2
1+ 4
𝑥

−1 −2 2
𝑑𝑦 = [( ) ( 3 )] 𝑑𝑥 − [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4
+1 𝑥 √1 − 4𝑥 2
𝑥4
2𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 = [( 4 )] 𝑑𝑥 − [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1 √1 − 4𝑥 2
2𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 = [ 4 − ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 √1 − 4𝑥 2
PROBLEM 14
−1 √𝑥 2+1
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛
SOLUTION:
−1√𝑥 2 +1 1 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
[ ][ ] 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑥 + 1 2√𝑥 2 + 1
−1 2 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √𝑥 +1 [ 2
][ ] 𝑑𝑥
2 + 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 1
−1 2 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = [𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √𝑥 +1 [ 2
][ ] 𝑑𝑥]
2 + 𝑥 √𝑥 + 1
2

𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥 by use of differentials.
PROBLEM 15
𝑥𝑦 + tan−1 (𝑥𝑦) = 0
SOLUTION:
1
𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + [𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦] = 0
1 + (𝑥𝑦)2
(𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦)(1 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦
=0
1 + 𝑥 2𝑦 2
𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = −[𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥]
𝑑𝑦(2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ) = −𝑑𝑥(2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )
𝑑𝑦 (2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )
=−
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 (2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

PROBLEM 16
𝑦
2 ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = arctan⁡( )
𝑥
SOLUTION:
2 1 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
[2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦] = 𝑦 2
[ ]
𝑥 2+𝑦 2 1+( ) 𝑥2
𝑥
4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
= [ ]
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥2
4(𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦) 𝑥2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
2 2
= 2 2
[ ]
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥2
4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
(4𝑦 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = (−4𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 + 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 4𝑦
PROBLEM 17
𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑦
SOLUTION:
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 = −[3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥]
2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦(2𝑥𝑦 − 1) = 𝑑𝑥(−3𝑥2 − 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑦 −3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦 − 1
𝑑𝑦 −(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
=
𝑑𝑥 −(1 − 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 1 − 2𝑥𝑦

PROBLEM 18
𝑒 𝑦 = sin⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)
SOLUTION:
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦)
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = [cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 ] − [𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦]
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦[𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)] = [𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 ]
𝑑𝑦 cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)
= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 + cos⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)

PROBLEM 19
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 32
SOLUTION:
4𝑥 𝑙𝑛4𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦 𝑙𝑛4𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑙𝑛4(4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦) = 0
4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥
=− 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 4
PROBLEM 20
𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦
SOLUTION:
1 2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
2 1
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
2 − 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 − 1
[ ] 𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 − 1 𝑦
=[ ][ ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦
PART II: BASIC INTEGRATION
Evaluate the following.

PROBLEM 1
∫ (6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:

6 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
6x 3 4x 2
− + 5x + C
3 2
∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶

PROBLEM 2

∫(2𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
∫(6𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 4) 𝑑𝑥

∫(6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥

6 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
6𝑥 3 5𝑥 2
+ − 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2
3
5𝑥 2
∫ 2𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 + − 4𝑥 + 𝐶
2

PROBLEM 3
∫ 𝑥(√𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
3
∫(𝑥 2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
5
𝑥2 𝑥2
− +𝐶
5 2
2
5
2𝑥 2 𝑥 2
∫ 𝑥(√𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
5 2
PROBLEM 4
(𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
∫
√𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑥 4
∫( + )𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 √𝑥
1 1
∫ (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 −2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 1
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
3 1
𝑥 2 4𝑥 2
+ +𝐶
3 1
2 2
3
(𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2 1
∫ = + 8𝑥 2 + 𝐶
√𝑥 3

PROBLEM 5
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
SOLUTION:
2𝑥 2 4𝑥 3
∫ ( 2 + 2 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
4 3
∫ (2 + − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ −3∫ 2
𝑥 𝑥
−1
3𝑥
2𝑥 + 4𝑙𝑛𝑥 − +𝐶
−1
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 3
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑙𝑛𝑥 + + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
PROBLEM 6
∫(4 3√𝑥 − 2𝑥√𝑥)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
1 3
∫ (4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 3
4 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
4 5
4𝑥 3 2𝑥 2
− +𝐶
4 5
3 2
5
3
4 4𝑥 2
∫(4 √𝑥 − 2𝑥√𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 − +𝐶
5

PROBLEM 7
𝑥3 − 8
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2
SOLUTION:
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 2)
∫(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥 ⁡2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 2𝑥 2
+ + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2
𝑥3 − 8 𝑥3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥−2 3

PROBLEM 8
2
(1 + 3√𝑥 )
∫ 3
√𝑥
SOLUTION:
1 2
(1 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3 )
∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
1 2
1 2𝑥 3 𝑥3
∫ ( 1 + 1 + 1 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥3
1 1
∫( 1 + 2+𝑥 )) 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥3
 1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 3 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1
𝑥3
4 2
𝑥3 𝑥3
+ 2𝑥 + +𝐶
4 2
3 3
2 4 2
(1 + 3√𝑥 ) 3𝑥 3 3𝑥 3
∫ 3 = + 2𝑥 + +𝐶
√𝑥 4 2

PROBLEM 9
∫ √𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
∫ √(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

∫ √(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥 2
∫ √𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
3 2
PROBLEM 10
5 3 2
∫( − 2
+ 4 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
SOLUTION:

1
5 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥
1
5𝑥 2 3𝑥 −1 2𝑥 −3
− + +𝐶
1 −1 −3
2
1 2𝑥 −3
10𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 −1 − +𝐶
3
5 3 2 1 3 2
∫ ( − 2 + 4 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 10𝑥 2 + − 3 + 𝐶
√𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥
PART III: INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals.

PROBLEM 1
∫ √2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
∫ √2 − 3𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫(2 − 3𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥⁡

1
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 2 − 3𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 −3⁡
1
1
𝑑𝑢 = −3𝑑𝑥 = −3 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢⁡
3
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ ⁡⁡⁡= ( 3 ) + 𝐶⁡
−3 −3
2
3
2𝑢 2
=− +𝐶
9
3
2(2−3𝑥)2
∫ √2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 9
+𝐶

PROBLEM 2
∫(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)5 (6𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
∫(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)5 (6𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢5 (6𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢5 (6𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = (3𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢5 (6𝑥 2 + 4) 3𝑥 2 +2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 2+2 = ∫ 𝑢5 2(3𝑥 2 + 2) 3𝑥 2 +2
= ∫ 𝑢5 2𝑑𝑢
= 2 ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
2𝑢 6
= +𝐶
6
6
2(𝑥 3+2𝑥)
= +𝐶
6
(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 )6
∫(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 )5 (6𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
3
PROBLEM 3
∫ 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 3 − 1)4 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 2𝑥 3 − 1 = ∫ 𝑢4 𝑥 2 (6𝑥 2 )⁡
1
𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 6 ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢5
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = = 6( 5) +𝐶
6

2( 3
(2𝑥 3 − 1)5
∫ 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = )4 +𝐶
30

PROBLEM 4
(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
∫3
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1

SOLUTION:
(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
∫3 =∫ 1
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 [(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)]3
(𝑥+1)𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1 =∫ 1
[(𝑥+1)]3
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
4
𝑢3
= 4 +𝐶
3
4
(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 3(𝑥 + 1)3
∫3 = +𝐶
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 4

PROBLEM 5
(2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
SOLUTION:
2𝑥+3 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 =∫ (2𝑥+3)
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 =∫
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥+3 = ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
(2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
∫ = ln|𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4| + 𝐶
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
PROBLEM 6
3
1 2
(𝑥 3 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2
𝑥3
SOLUTION:
1 3 2
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 1 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥
2 3
1
𝑑𝑢 = 3 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 3𝑑𝑢
2 3
3𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
5
3𝑢 2
= +𝐶
5
3 5
1 2 1 2
(𝑥 3 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 6 (𝑥 3 + 1)
∫ 2 = +𝐶
5
𝑥3
PROBLEM 7
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
∫
(𝑥 3 − 1)4
SOLUTION:
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
∫ ⁡ = ∫(𝑥)2 (𝑥 3 − 1)−4 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3 − 1)4
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑢−4 (3𝑥 2 )
1
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 −3
𝑑𝑥 = = ( )+𝐶
3𝑥 2 3 −3
−3
(𝑥 3 −1)
=− +𝐶
9
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ 3 4
=− +𝐶
(𝑥 − 1) 9(𝑥 − 1)3
3

PROBLEM 8
√𝑙𝑛4𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
√𝑙𝑛4𝑥𝑑𝑥 (𝑙𝑛4𝑥 )2
∫ =⁡∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑢 2𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛4𝑥 =∫ 𝑥
1
4𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = = = ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 2
4𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 3 +𝐶
2
 3
√𝑙𝑛4𝑥𝑑𝑥 2(𝑙𝑛4𝑥)2
∫ = +𝐶
𝑥 3
PROBLEM 9
𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛2 𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = = ∫ 𝑢2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 −1
= +𝐶
−1
𝑑𝑥 1
∫ 2
=− +𝐶
𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥

PROBLEM 10
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
√1 + 𝑒 2𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −
∫ √1+𝑒 2𝑥 = (1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 ) 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = (1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑒 2𝑥 )
1
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⁡⁡= 2 ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑒 2𝑥 ⁡⁡= 2 ( 1 )+𝐶
2

𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = (1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 )2 + 𝐶
√1 + 𝑒 2𝑥

PROBLEM 11
𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑒𝑥 − 1
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 − 1 𝑒𝑥 − 1
(𝑒 𝑥 −1)+𝑒 𝑥
= −∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −1
⁡
𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝑒𝑥
= − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑒 𝑥 −1) 𝑑𝑥
 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 1 = −𝑥 + ∫ ( )
𝑢 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 + ∫ ( 𝑢 )
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = = −𝑥 + ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ = −𝑥 + ln|𝑒 𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
𝑒𝑥 −1
PROBLEM 12
∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁡⁡
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = sin 𝑥 ∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁡⁡ = ∫ 𝑢3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢4
𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 = +𝐶
4
sin4 𝑥
∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁡⁡ = +𝐶
4
PROBLEM 13
∫ cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = cos 𝑥 ∫ cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢4 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢4 sin 𝑥 (−sin 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
𝑢5
=− +𝐶
5
− cos5 𝑥⁡
=− +𝐶
5
PROBLEM 14
sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
(1 − cos 2𝑥 )4
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
sin 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 (sin 2𝑥( )
2 sin 2𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 − cos 2𝑥⁡ ∫ (1−cos 2𝑥)4 = ∫ 4
𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 = −(− sin 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 −3
𝑑𝑥 = 2 sin 2𝑥 = 2 ( −3 ) + 𝐶
sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = − +𝐶
(1 − cos 2𝑥)4 6(1 − cos 2𝑥 )3
PROBLEM 15
∫ √1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
∫ √1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 + 2 sin 3𝑥)2 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 cos 3𝑥 (6 cos 3𝑥 )
1
1
𝑑𝑢 = 6 cos 3𝑥 = 6 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 = 6 cos 3𝑥 = 6( 3 )+𝐶
2
3
2
= 18 𝑢 + 𝐶
2

1
(1 + 2 sin 3𝑥)2
∫ √1 + 2 sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
9

PROBLEM 16
cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
sin3 4𝑥
SOLUTION
cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ cos 4𝑥 sin−3 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin3 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = sin 4𝑥 = ∫ cos 4𝑥 𝑢−3 (4 cos 4𝑥 )
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 4 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢−3 ( 4 )
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑥 = 4 cos 4𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢
1 𝑢 −2
= 4 ( −2 ) + 𝐶
cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ 3
=− +𝐶
sin 4𝑥 8 sin2 4𝑥
PROBLEM 17
sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑎 + 𝑏 tan 𝑥
SOLUTION:
sec2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 tan 𝑥 ∫ 𝑎+𝑏 tan 𝑥 = ∫ (𝑏⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 )⁡
𝑢
2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑏 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫( )
𝑏𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑏 sec2 𝑥 = 𝑏∫ 𝑢
1
= 𝑏 ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = ln⁡|𝑎 + 𝑏 tan 𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑎 + 𝑏 tan 𝑥 𝑏
PROBLEM 18
∫ cot 3 4𝑥 csc 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = cot 4𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3 csc 2 4𝑥 (−4 csc2 4𝑥)
1
𝑑𝑢 = −4 csc 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 4 ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢4
𝑑𝑥 = −4 csc2 4𝑥 = −4( 4)+ 𝐶
cot 4 4𝑥
∫ cot 3 4𝑥 csc 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
16

PROBLEM 19
∫ √tan 3𝑥 sec 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = tan 3𝑥 ∫ √tan 3𝑥 sec 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 sec 2 3𝑥 (3 sec2 3𝑥 )
1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 3 sec 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 ( 3 )
1
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑥 = 3 sec2 3𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
1 𝑢2
= 3( 3 )+𝐶
2
3
2
= 9𝑢 +𝐶 2

3
2 (tan 3𝑥)2
∫ √tan 3𝑥 sec 2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
9
PROBLEM 20
1 + 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 − 𝑒𝑥
SOLUTION:
1−𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑒 𝑥
[(1−𝑒 𝑥 )+(𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥 )]
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑒 𝑥
1−𝑒 𝑥 2𝑒 𝑥
= ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 − 𝑒 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 + 2 ∫ ( 𝑢 ) (−𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 + 2 ∫ (− )
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2(ln|𝑢| + 𝐶)
1 + 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 ln|1 − 𝑒 𝑥 | + 𝐶
1 − 𝑒𝑥
PROBLEM 21
3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 13
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4
SOLUTION:
3𝑥 2 +14𝑥+13 (𝑥+4)(3𝑥+2)+5
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 + 4 = ∫(3𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(3𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑢
3𝑥 2
= + 2𝑥 + 5 ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
2
3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 13 3𝑥 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + 2𝑥 + 5 ln|𝑥 + 4| + 𝐶
𝑥+4 2

PROBLEM 22
2𝑥 + 5
∫ 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 − 1

SOLUTION:
2𝑥+5 2𝑥+5
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 1 ∫ 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
2𝑥+𝑥+5−𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑑𝑢 3𝑥+5−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = =∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 𝑢
𝑢+1+5−𝑥
3𝑥 = 𝑢 + 1 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑢+1
𝑢+1 𝑢+6− 𝑑𝑢
3
𝑥= ⁡ =∫ ( 3 )⁡⁡
3 𝑢
𝑢𝑑𝑢 6𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=∫ +∫ −∫ − ∫ 9𝑢
3𝑢 3𝑢 9𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑑𝑢
= 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ − 9 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 − 9 ∫
𝑢 𝑢
2 17 𝑑𝑢
= 9 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫
9 𝑢
2 17
= 9𝑢+ ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
9
2 17
= 9 (3𝑥 − 1) + ln|3𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
9

2𝑥 + 5 6𝑥 − 2 17
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + ln|3𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
3𝑥 − 1 9 9
PROBLEM 23
𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 1
SOLUTION:
Since:
𝑥
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 ⁡= ∫ 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 + 1√𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2+1
−(𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 )⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ 𝑥4 3𝑥 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
⁡⁡−3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 = − +∫
4 2 𝑥 2+1
−(−3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥) 𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 5−2𝑥 3 −2𝑥) 𝑥
= 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 +1⁡⁡ 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑢
𝑥 2 +1 2𝑥
𝑥(𝑑𝑢)
𝑥4 3𝑥 2 2𝑥
= − +∫
4 2 𝑢
𝑥4 3𝑥 2 1 𝑑𝑢
= − + 2∫
4 2 𝑢
𝑥4 3𝑥 2 1
= − + 2 ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
4 2
𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 4 3𝑥 2 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − + ln|𝑥 2 + 1| + 𝐶
𝑥2 + 1 4 2 2

PROBLEM 24
(𝑥 3 + 4𝑥)
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 − 1
SOLUTION:
(𝑥 3+4𝑥) 𝑥(𝑥 2 +4)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2−1 𝑥 2 −1
𝑥(𝑢+1+4) 𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 1 =∫ ( 2𝑥 )
𝑢
𝑢+5
𝑥2 = 𝑢 + 1 =∫ 𝑑𝑢
2𝑢
𝑢𝑑𝑢 5𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 =∫ +∫
2𝑢 2𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢𝑑𝑢 5 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = = 2∫ +2∫
2𝑥 𝑢 𝑢
1 5 𝑑𝑢
= 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑢
1 5
= 2 𝑢 + 2 ln⁡|𝑢| + 𝐶

(𝑥 3 + 4𝑥) 𝑥2 − 1 5
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + ln⁡|𝑥 2 − 1| + 𝐶
𝑥2 − 1 2 2
PART IV: INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Evaluate each of the following.

PROBLEM 1
∫ sec 5𝑥 tan 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
∫ sec 5𝑥 tan 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ⁡
5
1
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 5𝑥 = ⁡ 5 sec 𝑢 + 𝐶
1
𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥 ∫ sec 5𝑥 tan 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 5 sec 5𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
5

PROBLEM 2
𝑑𝑥
∫
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑥 1
∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
= ∫ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥⁡ 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁡
𝑑𝑥
∫ = − 𝑙𝑛|cos 𝑥 | + 𝑙𝑛|sin 𝑥 | + 𝐶
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

PROBLEM 3
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥
SOLUTION:

sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 1 cos 𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
= ∫ csc 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ln|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 | − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐
sin2 𝑥
PROBLEM 4
∫ sec 2 (4𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 3 ∫ sec 2 (4𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢⁡ 4
1
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ 4 tan 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ 4 tan(4𝑥 − 3) + 𝐶
4
tan⁡(4𝑥 − 3)
∫ sec 2 (4𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
4

PROBLEM 5
𝑑𝑥
∫
1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
𝑑𝑥 1 sin 2 𝑥
∫ = ∫( )( ) 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 sin 2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1
cos 2 𝑥
1
= ∫ sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = ⁡ 2 𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑢2𝑑𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 2 ln|sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢| + 𝐶
2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 1
∫ = 2 ln |sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥| + 𝐶
1 1 2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥
PROBLEM 6
𝑑𝑥
∫
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
=∫
(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )2
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
=∫
sin2 𝑥
= ∫ csc 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 + 𝐶
PROBLEM 7
cos 3 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
SOLUTION:

cos 3 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(1−sin2 𝑥)
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)

=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 =∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = +𝑐
2
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
= +𝐶
2

cos 3 𝑥 (1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2

PROBLEM 8
𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 cos2 2𝑥− sin2 2𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1−sin2 2𝑥− sin2 2𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
1−2sin 2 2𝑥
⁡= ∫ 𝑑𝑥⁡
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
=∫ − 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= − 2 ln|𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 | + +𝐶
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ln|𝑐𝑠𝑐2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 | + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 2
PROBLEM 9
∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:

∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + tan2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫[(1 + tan2 𝑥) + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]𝑑𝑥
= ∫(1 + tan2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 2 ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 | + 𝑐
PROBLEM 10
⁡∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 12
1
𝑑𝑢 = 12𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 12 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 + 𝐶

𝑑𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 3
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ⁡∫ 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
12 12

PROBLEM 11
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫
cos 2 3𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥𝑑𝑥 cos 2 3𝑥 − sin2 3𝑥

∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos 2 3𝑥 cos 2 3𝑥
cos2 3𝑥 sin2 3𝑥
= ∫ cos2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cos2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ tan2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
1−cos2 3𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 cos2 3𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cos2 3𝑥 + ∫ cos2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ sec 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑥 − 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = 2𝑥 − 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 + 𝑐
cos2 3𝑥
PROBLEM 12
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶

PROBLEM 13
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 2
=∫
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥| + 𝑐
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥

PROBLEM 14
∫(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:

2
∫(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (cot 𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + tan2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= ∫(cot 2 𝑥 + 2 + tan2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= ∫[(cot 2 𝑥 + 1) + (tan2 𝑥 + 1)]𝑑𝑥
= ∫ csc 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
PROBLEM 15
4 sin2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
SOLUTION:
4 sin2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 4 sin2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
= − ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥| + 𝐶
2
PROBLEM 16
𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑥 1
∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡5𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = ln|sin5x| + C
𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥 5

PROBLEM 17
𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑥 1
∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡3𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 1
∫ = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐3𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 3
PART V: INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the following.

PROBLEM 1
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
1
= − 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶

1
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
2𝑒 2𝑥

PROBLEM 2
∫ (𝑒 3𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
∫ (𝑒 3𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑒 6𝑥 + 2𝑒 3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
⁡⁡⁡= ∫ 𝑒 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 2
∫ (𝑒 3𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 6𝑥 + 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
6 3

PROBLEM 3
∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡4𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = sin 4𝑥⁡ ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡4𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡4𝑥 ∙ 4𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 4cos 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 = 4 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
1
∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡4𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = 4 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝐶

PROBLEM 4
𝑒 𝑥 − 4𝑒 −𝑥
∫ ⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
SOLUTION:

𝑒 𝑥 −4𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥 4𝑒 −𝑥
∫ ⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
= 𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = −2𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 (−2)⁡⁡
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = −2 = 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
= 𝑥 + 2𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶
 𝑒 𝑥 − 4𝑒 −𝑥 2
∫ 𝑥
⁡𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒 𝑒

PROBLEM 5
∫ √𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
3𝑥
∫ √𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑥
2 3𝑥
∫ √𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 +𝐶
3

PROBLEM 6
∫ 24𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 4𝑥 ∫ 24𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑢 ( 4 )⁡
1
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 2𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = = 4 (ln 2) + 𝐶
4
24𝑥
∫ 24𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
4 ln 2

PROBLEM 7
∫ 53−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 3 − 2𝑥 ∫ 53−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 5𝑢 (−2)⁡
1
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑑𝑥 = −2 ∫ 5𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1 5𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = −2 = −2 (ln 5) + 𝐶
5𝑢
= − 2 ln 5 + 𝐶

53−2𝑥
∫ 53−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
2 ln 5
PROBLEM 8
3
∫ √42𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
3 2𝑥
∫ √42𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 4 3 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥
3 43
= ( )+𝐶
2 𝑙𝑛4

3
3 3√42𝑥
∫ √42𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
2 ln 4

PROBLEM 9
∫ 3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
∫ 3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (3 ∙ 2)𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

6𝑥
∫ 3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
ln 6

PROBLEM 10
3𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

SOLUTION:
3𝑥 3 𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
3 𝑥
( )
= 2 +𝐶
3
ln
2

3𝑥 3𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
2𝑥 𝑥 3
2 ln 2
PART VI: INTEGRATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the following.

PROBLEM 1
∫ sinh(3𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 1 ∫ sinh(3𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sinh 𝑢 3
1
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 ⁡⁡⁡= 3 ∫ sinh 𝑢⁡𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑥 = = 3 cosh(3𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
3
cosh(3𝑥 − 1)
∫ sinh(3𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
3
PROBLEM 2
∫ (cosh 4𝑥 + sinh 2𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 4𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 =
4 4

∫ (cosh 4𝑥 + sinh 2𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (cosh 𝑢 + sinh 𝑢)⁡𝑑𝑥

sinh 4𝑥 cosh 2𝑥
∫ (cosh 4𝑥 + sinh 2𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
4 2

PROBLEM 3
∫ csch2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 ∫ csch2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥 = csch2 𝑢 (−2)⁡
1
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 2 ∫ csch2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 coth(1−𝑥 2)
𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −2 ∫ csch2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2
+𝐶

PROBLEM 4
1 1
∫ sech 𝑥 tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥
4 4
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 4 𝑥 ∫ sech 4 𝑥 tan 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sech 𝑢 tanh 𝑢⁡4𝑑𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ sech 𝑢 tanh 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4
1 1 1
4𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ∫ sech 4 𝑥 tan 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −4 sech 4 𝑥 + 𝐶
PROBLEM 5
sech2 (ln 𝑥)
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
SOLUTION:
sech2 (ln 𝑥)
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sech2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 sech2 (ln 𝑥)
𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tanh(ln 𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥

PROBLEM 6
∫ coth(1 − 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 1 − 2𝑥 ∫ coth(1 − 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ coth 𝑢 (−2)⁡
1
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ coth 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
𝑑𝑢 1
−2
= 𝑑𝑥 ∫ coth(1 − 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − 2 ln | sinh(1 − 2𝑥 )| + 𝐶

PROBLEM 7
1 1
∫ csch 𝑥 coth 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
2 2
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 2 𝑥 ∫ csch 2 𝑥 coth 2 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = ∫ csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢⁡2𝑑𝑢
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢⁡𝑑𝑢
1 1 1
2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 ∫ csch 2 𝑥 coth 2 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥 = 2 csch 2 𝑥 + 𝐶

PROBLEM 8
sinh 4𝑥
∫( ) 𝑑𝑥
cosh 2𝑥
SOLUTION:
sinh 4𝑥 2 sinh 2𝑥 cosh 2𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑢 = 2𝑥 ∫ (cosh 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cosh 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 sinh 2𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ sinh 𝑢⁡ ( 2 )
2
= ∫ sinh 𝑢⁡𝑑𝑢
= cosh 𝑢 + 𝐶
sinh 4𝑥
∫( ) 𝑑𝑥 = cosh 2𝑥 + 𝐶
cosh 2𝑥
PART VII: APPLICATIONS OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
Find the equation of the family curves whose slopes at any point(x,y) is:

PROBLEM 1
3𝑥 2 + 4
SOLUTION:
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3𝑥 2 + 4
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(3𝑥 2 + 4)𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3
𝑦= + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3
3
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
PROBLEM 2
𝑥
𝑦
SOLUTION:
𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥2
(2 = + 𝐶) 2
2
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 2𝐶
2

PROBLEM 3
𝑥+1
𝑦−1
SOLUTION:
𝑥+1
𝑦′ =
𝑦−1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+1
∫ =∫
𝑑𝑥 𝑦−1
∫ 𝑑𝑦(𝑦 − 1) ⁡ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
𝑦2 𝑥2
−𝑦+𝐶 = +𝑥+𝐶
2 2
𝑦2
− 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝐶
2
0 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝐶
PROBLEM 4
Equal to the square root of the abscissa of the point
⁡
SOLUTION:
⁡𝑦 ′ = √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 3
𝑦= 𝑥2 + 𝐶
3

PROBLEM 5
Equal to the reciprocal of the product of the point
1
⁡𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥
𝑦2
= ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
2
⁡𝑦 2 = 2 ln 𝑥 + 2𝐶

PROBLEM 6
Twice the ordinate of the point
𝑦′ = 2𝑦
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥
𝑦
ln 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝐶
⁡𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥+𝐶
PROBLEM 7
𝑦2
Slope is⁡ 2 ; through (1,4)
𝑦2
⁡𝑦 ′ = 𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦2 = ∫ 𝑥
1
− 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
@ (1, 4):
1
− 4 = ln 1 + 𝐶
 1
𝐶 = −4
1 1
(− 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + (− 4)) 𝑦
𝑦
−1 = 𝑦 ln 𝑥 + (− 4 ) 4
−4 = 4𝑦 ln 𝑥 + (−𝑦)
0 = 4𝑦 ln 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4
PROBLEM 8
𝑥
Slope is ; through (5, 4)
𝑦
𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑦
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥2
(2 = + 𝐶) 2
2
⁡𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 2𝑐 2

@ (5, 4)
42 − 52 = 2𝐶
9
− =𝐶
2
9
⁡𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + (− 2) 2
2

𝑦2 = 𝑥2 − 9

PROBLEM 9
Slope is √𝑦⁡; through (1, 1)
1
𝑦′ = 𝑦2
SOLUTION:
1
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
∫ 1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦2
1
−
∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦2
1 = 𝑥+𝐶
2

2√𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
@ (1, 1)
2√1 = 1 + 𝐶
2−1 =𝐶
𝐶=1

2
(2√𝑦) = (𝑥 + 1)2
 4𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2
PROBLEM 10
Slope is 𝑒 2𝑥 ; through (0, 1)
𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 2𝑥
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
𝑦 = 2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶
@ (0, 1):
1 = 𝑒 2(0) + 𝐶
1
=𝐶
2
2𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2(1)
1 1
𝑦 = 2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2
PROBLEM 11
Slope is 𝑥 −2 ;through (1, 2)
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 −2
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
𝑦= +𝐶
−1
1
𝑦 = −𝑥 +𝐶
@ (1,2)
1
2 = −1 + 𝐶
2+1 =𝐶
3=𝐶
1
(𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 3) 𝑥
𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
PROBLEM 12
Slope is𝑥√𝑦; through (1, 9)
𝑦 = 𝑥√𝑦
SOLUTION
1
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
∫ 1 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦2
1
−
∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦2 𝑥2
( 1 = + 𝐶) 2
2
2
 4√𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝐶
@ (1,9)
4√9 = 12 + 2𝐶
11 = 2𝐶
11
=𝐶
2
2 11 2
(4√𝑦) = (𝑥 2 + )
2
11 2
16𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + )
2

PROBLEM 13
A body thrown vertically upward from the ground reaches a height of 48 feet in one
second. Find how high the body will rise.

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑣
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: ℎ = 48⁡𝑓𝑡 =𝑎
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
𝑡 = 1⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ −32
𝑎 = −32⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −32𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = −32𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑉 = 𝑉0 ; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶 = 𝑉0
𝑣 = −32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑠
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(−32𝑡 + 𝑉0 )𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = −16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + 𝐶2
@𝑠 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶 = 0
𝑠 = 48⁡𝑓𝑡; 𝑡 = 1⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐.
48 = −16(2)2 + 𝑉0 (1) + 0
𝑉0 = 64𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
@ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡⁡
𝐶 = 64 − 32𝑡
𝑡 = 2⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
𝑠 = −16(2)2 + 64(2)
𝑠 = 64⁡𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡

PROBLEM 14
In what velocity must an object be thrown vertically upward so that it will attain a
maximum height of 900 feet from its starting point?

SOLUTION:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 900⁡𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
𝑎 = −32⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
 𝑑𝑣
=𝑎
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= −32
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −32𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = −32𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑉 = 𝑉0 ; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶 = 𝑉
𝑣 = −32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑠
= −32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(−32𝑡 + 𝑉0 )𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = −16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + 𝐶2
@𝑠 = 𝑣; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶2 = 0
𝑠 = −16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0
2ℎ
𝑡 = √𝑔
𝑡 = 7.5⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
900 = −16(7.5)2 + 𝑉0 (7.5)
𝑉0 = 240⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
PROBLEM 15
With what velocity will a stone strike the ground if dropped from the top of the building
400ft high?
SOLUTION:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑎 = 32𝑓𝑡/𝑠
𝑑𝑣
= 32
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 32𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = 32𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑉 = 𝑉0 ; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶1
𝑉 = 32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑠
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(32𝑡 + 𝑉0 )𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = 16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + 𝐶2
𝑠 = 16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡
@𝑉 = 𝑉0 = ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 = 400
400 16𝑡 2
= + (0)𝑡 2
16 16
2
𝑡 = 25
𝑡=5
𝑉 = 32(5) + 𝐶
𝑉 = 32(5) + 0
𝑉 = 160⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
PROBLEM 16
Show that when a body is dropped from a height h feet above the ground, its velocity
v (neglecting air resistance) when it strikes the ground will be⁡𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ where 𝑔 =
32⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 .Solve problem 15 using this formula.
SOLUTION:
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ
𝑓𝑡
𝑔 = 32 𝑠 2
𝑑𝑣
=𝑔
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑔𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑔𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑣 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝑐 = 0
𝑑𝑠
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑔𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑔𝑡 2
𝑠= + 𝐶2
2
@𝑔 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶2 = 0
𝑔𝑡 2
𝑠= 2
2𝑠 2
=𝑡
𝑔
2𝑠
√𝑔 = 𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑔𝑡⁡
𝑣
𝑡=
𝑔
2𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑔√ 𝑔

𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡𝑠 = ℎ
2ℎ
𝑣 = 𝑔√ 𝑔

(2ℎ)(𝑔2)
𝑣 = √( )
𝑔

𝑣 = √2ℎ𝑔
𝑣 = √2(400)(32)
𝑣 = 160⁡𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
PROBLEM 17
With what velocity will the stone in problem 15 strike the ground if it thrown vertically
downward with an initial velocity of 36𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐⁡?
SOLUTION:
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑔 = 32𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑣
=𝑔
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑔𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑔𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑉0 = 𝑣; 𝑡 = 0; 𝑐 = 0
𝑣 = 32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑠
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(32𝑡 + 𝑉0 )𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = 16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑠 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶 = 0
𝑠 = 16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0
@𝑠 = ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400; 𝑉0 = 36
400 = 16𝑡 2 + 36𝑡
1
(16𝑡 2 + 36𝑡 − 400) = 0
4
4𝑡 2 𝑔𝑡 = 100
𝑏𝑦⁡𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐⁡𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎:
𝑡1 = 16.25⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
𝑡2 = 4⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
@𝑉0 = 3𝑡
𝑉 = 128 + 36
𝑉 = 164𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐

PROBLEM 18
From the top of a building 256 ft. high, an object is thrown vertically upward with an
initial velocity of 96𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐. When will it strikes the ground.

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑣
=𝑎
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −32𝑡
 𝑣 = −32𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑉0 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶1 = 𝑉0
𝑉 = −32𝑡 + 𝑉0
𝑑𝑠
=𝑣
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(−32𝑡 + 𝑉0 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = −16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡 + 𝐶
@𝑆 = 0; 𝑡 = 0; 𝐶2 = 0
𝑠 = −16𝑡 2 + 𝑉0 𝑡
@ max ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑣 = 0; 𝑣 = 96𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
= −32 + 96
32𝑡 96
= 32
2
𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 3⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
∫ 𝐴𝐵 = −16(3)2 + 96(3)
= −144 − 288
= 144⁡𝑓𝑡
∫ 𝐵𝐶 = ∫ 𝐴𝐵 + ℎ
= 166 + 256
= 400⁡𝑓𝑡
𝑡 ∫ 𝐵𝐶 = ℎ
2ℎ
𝑡𝐵𝐶 = √32
𝑡𝐵𝐶 = 5⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
𝑡𝐴𝐶 = 𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 𝑡𝐵𝐶
= 3+5
𝑡𝐴𝐶 = 8⁡𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠