University of Perpetual Help System -

DALTA
Paciano Rizal,Calamba City Laguna
College of Engineering

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

AIRCONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM:

PROPOSED DESIGN OF A CENTRALIZED

AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR AN OFFICE

QUILING JR., MARTIN M.

BSME – V

ENGR. RIZAL M. MOSQUERA

INSTRUCTOR

Mechanical Engineering |
INTRODUCTION:

Air-Conditioning is a process which conditions air in a confined space into the desired level of
comfort compared from outside condition. Most of Air-Conditioning System in service comfort
cooling especially in places where the outside temperature is very high for human comfort. Air-
Conditioning does not only cool a confined space but it also dehumidifies or filter air supplied to
the space. Thus it provides comfort cooling for occupants of the space.
Basically there are 4 components of an Air-Conditioning Unit: Evaporator, which receives heat
from the space; Compressor, which is the heart of the system it compresses and pumps the
refrigerant; Condenser, which rejects heat; Expansion Valve, used to meter the flow of liquid
refrigerant entering the evaporator at a rate that matches the amount of refrigerant being boiled off
in the evaporator.
There are also 2 Units that play an important part in Air-Conditioning System. The Air
Handling Unit (AHU) and the Cooling Tower. Air Handling Unit, it is the unit used with the system
to minimize the cost especially when using ducts. The Air Handling Unit controls, mix, condition,
and may filter the air flow. It supplies conditioned air to each room via ducts. On the other hand,
Cooling Tower, is another unit which helps in raising the efficiency of the system. It helps the
condenser to reject heat faster by heat exchanger. The Cooling Tower is a tower like structure,
where the hot water from the heat exchanger of the condenser is sprinkle down to the raisin of the
tower. It is pumped again to the condenser. Air is blown toward the sprinkled water to removed
heat. Make-up water is added due to evaporation.
Air conditioning systems using centrally located equipment provided only heated (Tempered)
air for comfort and ventilation using relatively simple ductwork and control. The addition of
cooling, dehumidification, and humidification equipment allowed year-round comfort to be more
attainable in all climates. By dividing the condition spaces into zones with individual thermostat
controls, better comfort was possible, even where heating and cooling requirements were not
uniform from one part of a building to another. This led to the need for more sophisticated
equipment and controls. Building owners and occupants have also become more sophisticated and
more demanding of the HVAC systems. In recent years design has been strongly influenced by
increasing emphasis on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Energy Conversion, Environmental Effects,
Safety, and Economics.
The use of digital computers has facilitated many of the advances made in the HVAC industry.
Computers have allowed the design of more complex and intricate but more reliable components;
programs have reduced the time required for determining building requirements and have permitted
better and faster design of duct and piping systems. Complex HVAC systems can be controlled
using Direct Digital Control (DDC) systems which can be integrated into building management
system to provide monitoring and almost any control sequence by the owners.

Mechanical Engineering |
Cooling Load Calculation:

The quantity of heat transmitted through the walls, doors, roof,grounds of a refrigerated
space/unit of time is the function of three factors whose relationship is expressed in the following
equation;
Q = UATD

Where: Q = the quantity of heat transferred, KW.

A = the outside surface area of the wall, m².
U = the overall coefficient of heat transmission, W/m2K
TD = the temperature differential across the wall, °C

DESIGN CONDITIONS:

FORMULA:
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN BUILDING USING FORMULA:
Q = AU ∆T
WHERE:
Q = HEAT TRANSFERRED
A = AREA WHICH HEAT FLOWS.
∆T = TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
U = OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT.

Formula in getting the U coefficient

1
1 x 1 WHERE: hi= AIR FILM INSIDE
  ho = AIR FILM OUTSIDE
hi k ho
X = THICKNESS OF WALL
k = THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MATERIAL

Mechanical Engineering |
CONDITIONS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN:
FLOOR AREA = 200m2
HEIGHT FROM FLOOR TO CEILING PER FLR. = 3m
TOTAL HEIGHT OF BLDG. = 9.1 m
EXTERNAL WALL = 0.3m
FLOOR THICKNESS = 0.3m
MAIN DOOR (2 DOOR): THICKNESS = 0.05 m²
AREA = 1m x 2m = 2m²
(12 PCS) WINDOW GLASS: THICKNESS = 0.0127m
AREA = 2.5m x 6m = 15m²
AIR FILM COEFICIENT:
hi = 9.3629 W/m2K ; ho = 22.6929 W/m2K

OUTSIDE CONDITION:
MAXIMUM TEMP. OUTSIDE = 42° C
DESIGN GROUND TEMP. INSIDE = 21° C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
INSIDE = 50%
OUTSIDE = 88%

WALL COMPOSITION:

AT NORTH WALL & SOUTH WALL:

AREA OF WALL = (3m x 10m) = 30m²
AREA OF DOOR = 1m x 2m = 2.0 m²

AT WEST WALL & EAST WALL:

AREA OF WALL = (8m x 80m) = 640m²
AREA OF WINDOW = 2.5m x 6m = 15 m²

Mechanical Engineering |
Structural Design:

COMPOSITION FOR THE HEAT TRANSEFER COEFFICIENT OF

WALL.

42.2 C

22 C

0.2m
Materials Thermal Conductivity Thickness
W/mK m
Cement Portland 0.29 0.0307
Hollow blocks 0.76 0.1016
Concrete cement 1.8 0.0307
Plaster cement 0.72 0.0307

1
U= 1 x 1
 
hi k ho

1
U= 1 0.0307 0.1016 0.0307 0.0307 1
+ + + + +
9.3629 0.29 0.76 1.8 0.72 22.6979

U= 0.4503 𝑊/𝑚2 𝑘
Mechanical Engineering |
Calculation of heat load of Walls:
QN&S wall = AUTD
= 30m (0.4503W/m2K) (42oC-21oC)
2

= 283.689 W

QE&W wall = AUTD

= 60m (0.4503W/m2K) (42oC-21oC)
2

= 567.378 W

Calculation of U coefficient of Ground, 2nd, 3rd Floor

Materials Thermal Conductivity Thickness
W/mK m
Concrete Medium 0.7 0.15
Steel 45.3 0.0016

1
U= 1 x

hi k

1
U= 1 .15 0.0016
+ +
9.3629 0.7 45.3

U= 3.114𝑊/𝑚2 𝑘
Calculation of heat load of the ground, 2nd, 3rd flr.
Qfloors=AUTD
=200m2 (3.114 W/m2K) (42oC-21oC)
= 13078.8 W

Mechanical Engineering |
 Calculation of U coefficient of Door
Materials Thermal Conductivity Thickness
W/mK m
Wood 0.135 0.05
Wood frame 0.135 0.115

1
U= 1 x 1
 
hi k ho

1
U= 1 0.05 0.115 1
+ + +
9.3629 0.135 0135 22.6979

U= 0.7283 𝑊/𝑚2 𝑘

Calculation of heat load of door:

Qdoor=AUTD
= 4m (0.7283W/m2K) (42oC-21oC)
2

= 61.1772 W

Calculation of U coefficient of Roofing

Materials Thermal Conductivity Thickness
W/mK m
Concrete medium 0.7 0.15
Steel 45.3 0.0016
Asphalt 15.6 0.019

Mechanical Engineering |
 1
U= 1 x 1
 
hi k ho

1
U= 1 0.15 0.0016 0.019 1
+ + + +
9.3629 0.7 45.3 15.6 22.6979

U= 2.7293𝑊/𝑚2 𝑘

Calculation of heat load of Roof:

Qroof=AUTD
= 200m (2.7293W/m2K) (42oC-21oC)
2

= 11453.06 W

Total Structural heat load = QN&S wall + QE&W wall + QFloors + Qroof
= 283.689 +567.378 +13078.8 +11453.06
= 25760.549 W

Mechanical Engineering |
FENESTRATION:

NORTH SOLAR HEAT GAIN AT 14 DEGREE LATITUDE

AUG 24 NORTH
& W  W  W 
10LAT .  2  14LAT .  2  20LAT .  2 
April 20 m  m  m 
EAST 514 516.99 521
WEST 514 516.56 520
SOUTH 44 80.2363 82

Awindow = 15m2

East Wall Fenestration

Shg = 516.99 W/m2 (15m2)
= 7754.85 W

West Wall Fenestration

Shg = 516.56 W/m2 (15m2)
= 7746.4 W

South Wall Fenestration

Shg = 80.24 W/m2 (15m2)
= 1203.5445 W

Total Solar Heat Gain = shgeast + shgwest + shgsouth

= 7754.85 + 7746.4 +1203.5445
= 16704.7945 W

Mechanical Engineering |
MISCELLENEOUS

36 fluorescent light 60W = 2160 W

35 Computers
= (131W)/(11HRS/24HRS) = .0655 X 35= 2.2925 kW
20 Printer
(450W)(12HRS/24HRS) = 0.21 X 20 = 4.125 kW

Total miscellaneous = 8577.5 W

INSIDE COOLING LOAD

Space per occupancy

Office =1.5 m2
Total Occupancy of office = Area/ SPO
= 200m2 x 3 = 600m2/ 1.5 m2
= 400 occupants

Mechanical Engineering |
Using Interpolation:
AT 21oC Metabolic Rate Sensible Latent
W
Seated at Rest 115 85 30
Office work 140 95 45
Standing 150 100 50

Sensible:
Seated at Rest:
= 155 W (133 Occupants) (.85) = 13000.7 W

Office work:
= 140 W (133 Occupants) (.95) =17689 W

Standing:
= 150 W (133 Occupants) (.1) =1995 W

Latent:
Seated at Rest:
= 155 W (133 Occupants) (.30) = 4588.5 W

Office work:
= 140 W (133 Occupants) (.45) = 8379 W

Mechanical Engineering |
Standing:
= 150 W (133 Occupants) (.50) = 9975 W

VENTILATION
Non – Smoking Bldg.

𝑉𝑜 + 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟̇ =
𝐸

10+2.5
𝑉𝑟̇ = 14
100

𝐿
= 53.5214
𝑠

𝑉̇ = 𝑉𝑟̇ + 3.5
𝑙
= 53.5214 𝑠 + 3.5
𝐿
= 56.0714
𝑠

Mechanical Engineering |
INFILTRATION
Number of Air Change:
QV = 0.172 x Awindow + Adoor √𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑑𝑔. (𝑡𝑜 − 𝑡𝑖)

QV = 0.172 x (15m2+4m2) √9𝑚 (42℃ − 21℃)

= 45.1765

Velocity:
𝑄𝑣
𝑐=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑜𝑜𝑟

45.1765
=
15𝑚2 + 4𝑚2

𝑚
= 2.3777
𝑠

Velocity Ratio:
𝑐
𝑉𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
12 𝑘𝑝ℎ

𝑚
2.3777 𝑠
= 𝑘𝑚 1ℎ𝑟 1000𝑚
12 ℎ𝑟 (3600𝑠)( )
1𝑘𝑚

= 0.7133

Mechanical Engineering |
Volume Flow rate:
𝑽𝒇 = 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒙 𝑽̇

𝒍
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 (𝟓𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟒 )
𝒔
𝟑
𝒍 𝟏𝒎
= 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟖𝟒 ( )
𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒍
= 3.3643 𝑚3 /𝑠

Density of Air Outside:

Using interpolation
Tair 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟
40 1.127 kg/m3
42 x = 1.1202 kg/m3
50 1.293 kg/m3

Mass:
𝑚 = 𝜌𝑉

kg 𝑚3
= 1.1202 (3.3643 )
m3 𝑠

𝑘𝑔
= 3.7643
𝑠

Computation for Sensible Heat Load

𝑄𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
𝑘𝑔 𝐾𝐽
= 3.7643 (1.0062 ℃) (42℃ − 21℃)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
= 79.6334 𝑘𝑊

Mechanical Engineering |
For Mass of Water
@ 42oC ; RH =88%
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = (8.198 𝑘𝑝𝑎 ) (.88)
= 7.2102 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑊𝑜 = 0.622 ( )
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡

7.2102
= 0.622 ( )
101.4 − 7.2102
𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑎
= 0.0478
𝑘𝑔 𝑤𝑣

@ 21oC ; RH= 50%

Interpolation
Temperature Pressure (kPa)
20 2.337
21 x = 2.4875
22 2.642

𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 2.4875 𝑘𝑃𝑎(. 50)

= 1.2448 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑊𝑖 = 0.622 ( )
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
1.2448
= 0.622 ( )
101.4 − 1.2448

𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑎
= 0.007731
𝑘𝑔 𝑤𝑣

Mechanical Engineering |
Mass of water remove:
𝑀𝑤𝑟 = 𝑊𝑜 − 𝑊𝑖
= 0.0476 − 0.007731
𝒌𝒈
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟗
𝒔
Computation for Latent Heat Load:
@ 21oC ; hf =88.045 kJ/kg ; hg = 2540 kJ/kg

𝑄𝐿 = 𝑀𝑤𝑟 𝑥 ℎ𝑓𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
= 0.0399 (2451.955 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
= 97.8330 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑓𝑔 = ℎ𝑔 − ℎ𝑓
= 2540 − 88.045
𝑘𝐽
= 2451.955
𝑘𝑔

Infiltration due to opening of doors

𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 )
2(
𝑚3
= 4𝑚 0.7133) ( )
min
𝑚3 1000𝑙 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 2.8532 ( )( )
min 1𝑚3 60𝑠
𝐿
= 47.5533
𝑠

Sensible Infiltration Rate

Q s = 1.23 𝑥 𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 (𝑡𝑜 − 𝑡𝑖 )
𝑙
= 1.23 (47.5533 ) (42℃ − 21℃)
𝑠
= 1228.392 𝑊

Mechanical Engineering |
Latent Infiltration Rate
𝑄𝐿 = 3000 𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 (𝑊0 − 𝑊𝑖 )
l
= 3000 (47.5533 ) (0.0476 − 0.007731)
s
= 5687.7076 𝑊

GRAND TOTAL COOLING LOAD

SENSIBLE LATENT
Occupancy Occupancy
13000.7 W 4588.5 W
17689 W 8379 W
1995 W 9975 W
Ventilation Ventilation
79.6334 W 97.833 W
Infiltration rate Infiltration rate
1228.3012 W 5687.7076 W
Miscellaneous
8557.7 W

Totalsensible= 33921.392 W Totallatent= 28630.208 W

𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 33921.392 + 28630.208

= 62542.51 𝑊

𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟎% = 62542.51 𝑊 (. 10)

= 6254.251 𝑊
𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 + 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
= 62542.51 + 6254.251
= 68796.761 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 68.7968 𝑘𝑊

Mechanical Engineering |
DESIGN COOLING LOAD
𝐺𝑇𝐶𝐿
𝐷𝐶𝐿 = 𝑊𝐻
𝑂𝐻

68.7968 𝑘𝑊
= 11ℎ𝑟𝑠
24ℎ𝑟𝑠

1𝑇𝑂𝑅
= 150.1024 𝑘𝑊 ( )
3.516𝑘𝑊

= 42.6814 𝑇𝑂𝑅 𝑜𝑟 43 𝑇𝑂𝑅

Sensible Heat Ratio

𝑄𝑇𝑆
SHR =
𝑄𝑇𝑆 + 𝑄𝑇𝐿

33921.302 W
=
33912.302 W + 28630.208 W

= 0.63

Mechanical Engineering |
Supply Temperature = 8o C

Finding the mass Flow rate:

𝑄𝑠
𝑚𝑠 =
𝐶𝑝 (𝑡4 − 𝑡3 )
33912.302
=
1.0062 (21℃ − 8℃)
𝑘𝑔
= 2.5926
𝑠
Volume of air supply:
𝑷𝟏 𝑽𝟏 = 𝒎𝑹𝑻

𝑽𝟏 𝑹𝑻
=
𝒎𝟏 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑷𝒗
𝑘𝐽
(0.287 ) (21℃ + 273)
𝑘𝑔℃
=
101.325𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 2.4895 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
= 0.8537
𝑘𝑔

Suppy Velocity:
𝑽𝟏
𝑽𝒔 = 𝒎𝒔 ( )
𝒎𝟏

Mechanical Engineering |
 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
= 2.5926 (0.8537 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
3
𝑚
= 2.2133
𝑠

Volume flow rate outside:

𝑉𝑜 = 1.83 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑉𝑟 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝑜
𝑚3 𝑚3
= 2.2133 − 1.83
𝑠 𝑠
3
𝑚
= 0.3833
𝑠
Percent Vo and Vr:
𝑉𝑜
%𝑉𝑜 = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑆
= 82.68 %

𝑉𝑟
%𝑉𝑟 = 𝑥 100
𝑉𝑆
= 17.32 %
Point 4
@ 21oC ; RH= 50%
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 2.4895 (. 50)
= 1.2448 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑊4 = 0.622( )
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑘𝑔
= 0.00773
𝑘𝑔

Mechanical Engineering |
 ℎ4 = 𝐶𝑝 𝑡4 + 𝑊4 ℎ𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
= 1.0062(21℃)(0.00773 )(2450 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
= 40.7644
𝑘𝑔
At Point 3
𝐴𝑡 𝑡3 = 16°𝐶 ; 𝑅𝐻 = 50%
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡3 = 0.7592(. 50)
= 0.3796 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡3
𝑊3 = 0.622 ( )
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡3
𝑘𝑔𝑣
= 0.002339
𝑘𝑔𝑑𝑎

𝑄𝐿 = (𝑚𝑠 )(2500)(𝑊4 − 𝑊3 )
𝑘𝑔
= (2.5926 ) (2500)(0.00773 − 0.002339)
𝑠
= 34.9416 𝑘𝑊
𝑚3
𝑣3 = 0.792
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
ℎ3 = 23
𝑘𝑔
Mass of outside air 60% of fresh air.
𝒎𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 (𝒎𝒔) )
𝒌𝒈
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 (𝟐. 𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟔 )
𝒔
𝒌𝒈
= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟔
𝒔

Mechanical Engineering |
 𝒎𝟑
Volume Flow rate, V3 = 0.796
𝒌𝒈

𝑉 = 𝑚𝑜 (𝑣3 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
= 1.5556 (0.796 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝒎𝟑
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟑
𝒔
At Point 2
t2 = -1oC ; h2 = 7 kJ/kg

Mass flow rate of circulated air.

𝑚𝑟 = 𝑚𝑠 − 𝑚𝑜
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 2.5926 − 1.5556
𝑠 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
= 1.037
𝑠
𝑊2 = 𝑊3

At Point 1
𝐴𝑡 𝑡1 = 42°𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐻 = 88%

𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡1 = 8.198 (. 88)

= 7.2142 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑊1 = 0.622( )
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑘𝑔
= 0.05075
𝑘𝑔

Mechanical Engineering |
 ℎ1 = 𝐶𝑝 𝑡1 + 𝑊1 ℎ𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
= 1.0062(42℃)(0.05075 )(2557.9 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
= 172.0738
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑜 (ℎ1 + 𝑚𝑟 ℎ4 ) (1.5556 𝑠
) (172.0738 𝑘𝑔) + (125.788 𝑠
) (43.2 𝑘𝑔)
ℎ5 = = 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠 2.5926 𝑠

= 119.5521 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

DUCTING
Refrigerating Capacity of AHU
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (𝑚𝑠 )(ℎ5 − ℎ2 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 11
= (2.5926 ) (119.5521 − 7 )( )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 24
11
=291.8026 (24)

=133.7429 kW

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = (𝑚𝑠 )(ℎ3 − ℎ2 )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= (2.5926 ) (23 − 7 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
= 41.4816 𝑘𝑊
𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚𝑠 𝑣3 = (2.5926 ) (0.796 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 3
= 2.0637 = 262126.5158
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Mechanical Engineering |
𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 = 6 𝑖𝑛.
𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 800 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.040 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.102 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 160 𝑓𝑡³/𝑚𝑖𝑛
Vs = 2.2133 m3/s
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟
𝑚3
2.2133
𝑠
= 𝑓𝑡3 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑚 3
= 29.28 ≈ 30 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟
( )( )
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠 3,28𝑓𝑡
160 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟 30𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 = = 10
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 3 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐻𝑈 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟
𝑚3
2.2133 (3600𝑠)
𝑠
= 𝑚3
= 1 𝐴𝐻𝑈
ℎ𝑟
10000 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟

Mechanical Engineering |
 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓
𝑎ℎ𝑢
30𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟
= = 30 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟/𝑎ℎ𝑢
1𝐴𝐻𝑈

Computation for Duct Loss:

𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
Computation for Fittings Loss:
𝐶𝑜𝜌 𝑉𝑜 𝑒
𝐹=
2
Computation for Velocity Ratio:
𝑉𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 /𝑉𝑖𝑛
Computation for Area Ratio:
2 2
𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑡 /𝐷𝑖𝑛

Mechanical Engineering |
Calculation for Pressure Drop.

Mechanical Engineering |