A phase diagram is a coordinated triangular diagram component is more soluble in one of the liquids than in

that state the composition and relationship of three the other, then the miscibility between that pair of
components system at constant temperature and liquids decreases. But, if the third component is soluble
pressure. It shows the conditions at which in both components, then the mutual solubility is
thermodynamically distinct phases can occur at increase. Thus, when acetic acid is added to a mixture
equilibrium. The number of phases of a system that of ethylene glycol and water, the solubility of mixture
can exist in equilibrium at any time depends on the increased to a point where the mixture become
conditions of temperature, concentration and homogenous . This shows that solubility differs when
composition. different components are mixed together.
The knowledge on mutual solubility and phase diagram
can be applied in the case of preparing pharmaceutical
formulation as it often involves the mixing of more than
one component while the resulting formulation need to
be in homogeneous form. This requirement can be
made possible by knowing the exact ratio of each
component needed to be mixed and take into
consideration the temperature and pressure of the
surrounding.
In this experiment, the three components involved
were Acetic Acid, Ethylene Glycol and Water. If water
and toluene mixed together with ethanol in suitable
proportion, they can form homogeneous solution at
equilibrium. The theory behind this phenomena is that
solutions are homogeneous because the ratio of solute
to solvent remains the same throughout the solution
even if homogenized with multiple sources, and stable
In the diagram above, the three corners or apexes of
because the solute will not settle out after any period
the triangle represent a pure component each , that is
of time, and it cannot be removed by a filter
100% by weight of one component (A, B, or C). Thus ,
or centrifuge
the same apex represent 0% of the other two
components. For example, the top corner point
represents 100% A with 0% B and 0% C. Each side of
the triangle represents a two component system or
binary mixture . Any line drawn parallel to one of the
sides shows constant percentage value for a
component. The three lines joining the corner points
represent two-component mixture of the three possible
combinations of A, B and C. By dividing each line into
100 equal units, the location of a point along the line
can be directly related to the percentage concentration
of one component in a two-component system. The
area within the triangle represents all the possible
combinations of A, B and C to give three-component
system .
When a third component is added to a pair of miscible
liquid, it may affect their mutual solubility. If the third