DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY USING BEAKER AND DENSITY BOTTLE

METHOD
OBJECTIVE
To determine the density & specific gravity of a liquid using beaker and density bottle
method.
THEORY
Mass of density is defined as the mass of material per unit volume (kg/m 3). To
determine the density of a liquid it is necessary to determine the mass of a known
volume of liquid. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of its mass density to mass
density of water taken at atmospheric pressure at 4℃. Density can be obtained by
using formula :
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝜌=
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
Specific gravity can be obtained by using formula :
𝜌𝐿2
𝑔=
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 4℃

APPARATUS
- 25 ml density bottle
- Measuring beaker
- Weighing balance

PROCEDURE
Using measuring beaker method
i. The empty beakers were measured and the mass, (m1) were recorded.
ii. The beakers were fill with water at certain volume, read and recorded it as
accurately as possible (considering meniscus).
iii. The beakers with water were weighed and the mass were recorded.
iv. The above method were repeated using another two different liquid.
v. The mass density were calculated.
vi. The specific gravity of liquid were calculated.

Using density bottle method

i. The bottles and stoppers were dried.
ii. The bottles with stoppers were weighed and were recorded.
iii. The bottles were filled with water and the stoppers were replaced.
 iv. The outside of the bottles were carefully dried with a cloth or tissue paper and
any excess water were removed from the stoppers such that the liquid in the
hole is level with the top of the stoppers.
v. Volume of water is 25 ml when the water is level with the top of the stopper.
vi. The bottles with stoppers and water were weighed. The mass were recorded.
The mass of water may be calculated by subtracting mass of empty bottle with
stopper.
vii. The mass density were calculated.
viii. The specific gravity of liquid were calculated.

RESULT
USING MEASURING BEAKER METHOD
LIQUID 1: WATER
NO. WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF MASS OF VOLUME MASS
EMPTY BEAKER + WATER, OF WATER DENSITY
BEAKER, WATER, m2(g) m2-m1 (g) (ml) OF WATER
m1(g) (kg/m3)
1. 164.21 254.45 90.24 100 902.40
2. 174.42 354.87 180.45 200 902.25
3. 168.90 444.91 276.01 300 908.23
Average 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 908.23 kg/m 3

LIQUID 1: DISHWASHING LIQUID

NO. WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF MASS OF VOLUME MASS
EMPTY BEAKER + LIQUID 2, OF LIQUID DENSITY
BEAKER, LIQUID 2, m2-m1 (g) 2 (ml) OF LIQUID
m1(g) m2(g) 2 (kg/m3)
1. 172.38 266.67 94.29 100 942.90
2. 164.19 348.89 184.47 200 923.50
3. 168.90 462.68 293.78 300 979.27

Average 𝜌𝐿2 = 948.56 kg/m3

Specific gravity , g = 0.9486
LIQUID 1: GLYCERIN
NO. WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF MASS OF VOLUME MASS
EMPTY BEAKER + LIQUID 3, OF LIQUID DENSITY
BEAKER, LIQUID 3, m2-m1 (g) 3 (ml) OF LIQUID
m1(g) m2(g) 3 (kg/m3)
1. 172.63 2756.86 103.23 100 1032.30
2. 164.55 374.01 209.46 200 1047.30
3. 169.10 495.61 326.51 300 1088.37
Average 𝜌𝐿3 = 1055.99 kg/m 3

Specific gravity , g = 1.0560

USING DENSITY BOTTLE METHOD
LIQUID 1: WATER
VOLUME OF WATER = 25 ml
NO. WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF MASS OF MASS DENSITY OF
EMPTY BOTTLE + WATER WATER
BOTTLE WATER (g) (g/cm3)
(g) (g)
1. 17.50 41.81 24.31 0.9724
2. 19.30 43.82 24.54 0.9816
3. 20.72 45.31 24.59 0.9836
Average 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.9792 g/cm 3

ANAYLYSIS
𝑚 −𝑚
To determine the density , 𝜌 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒2 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
1
(kg/m3)

For example :
254.45 − 164.21
𝜌=
100
𝜌 = 902.40 (𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )
𝜌𝐿
To determine the specific gravity , 𝑔 = 𝜌
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 4℃

For example :
948.56
𝑔=
1000
𝑔 = 0.9486
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙−𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
To calculate the percentage different , = × 100
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙

Standard density for water = 1000 kg/m3,

Standard density for dishwashing liquid =1020 kg/m3,
Standard density for glycerin = 1263 kg/m3,

By using measuring beaker :

1000−908.23
Percentage different for density of water = × 100
1000

= 9.18%
 1020−948.56
Percentage different for density of dishwashing liquid = × 100
1020

=7%
1263−1055.99
Percentage different for density of glycerin= × 100
1263

= 16.39%
By using density bottle method :
Standard density for water = 1 g/cm3
1−0.9792
Percentage different for density of water = × 100
1

= 2.08%

DISCUSSION
From the experiment , there were two values for average density of water were
obtained were compared to the standard density of water. The most accurate method
was determined by comparing the percentage different. Specific gravity and density
of dishwashing liquid and glycerin were compared to its standard specific gravity and
density.
The most accurate density achieved was the density of water by using density bottle.
The standard density of water is 1000 kg/m3. The percentage different for density of
water by using the density bottle is 2.08%. The second most accurate achieved was
the density of liquid by using the measuring beaker. By comparing the density of
three liquids with its standard density , the less have percentage different was the
density of dishwashing liquid. The percentage different is 7% , the percentage
different for density of water by using measuring beaker is 9.18% , and the
percentage different for density of glycerin is 16.39%. The density bottle was the
most accurate density was achieved because the density bottle is built to have the an
exact volume of water , removing the human errors in reading a meniscus.

CONCLUSION
The density and specific gravity of liquid were determined by using the measuring
beaker and density bottle. The density bottle was the most accurate way to measure
the density of water with a average density of 979.2 kg/m3. The density accuracy
followed by the measuring beaker. The density of water by using the measuring
beaker is 908.23 kg/m3, and for the average density of dishwashing liquid and
glycerin is 948.56 kg/m3 and 1055.99 kg/m3.