A.

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT :
Equilibrium Constants
B. DATE OF EXPERIMENT :
Wednesday, 27th March 2019, 07.00 WIB
C. PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT :
To find out the equilibrium constant of a reaction and note that the
equilibrium constant does not depend on initial concentration
D. BASIC THEORIES
1. Chemical Equilibrium
Many reactions do not last until they are finished but approach an
equilibrium state, where both unused products and reactants are present in
a relatively certain number of quantities. Once the equilibrium is reached,
no further composition changes will occur. The equilibrium state is
described quantitatively through equilibrium constant reactions which
depend on the temperature at which the reaction takes place (Oxtoby &
Nachtrieb, 2001).
Chemical equilibrium includes changes in physics such as fusion
and evaporation and chemical changes, including electrochemistry. This
discussion is about thermodynamics, especially in terms of the role of
enthalpy and entropy. We will see that the same view of equilibrium and
the direction of change in spontaneity is derived from chemical terms of
substances (Kartodadiprojo, 1994).
In general, chemical reactions are equilibrium reactions where the
change in free energy is zero, ∆G = 0. Equivalent microscopic equilibrium
reactions (in closed systems) at certain pressures and temperatures.
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process where each molecule
continuously reacts, and the composition of all molecules in the reaction
mixture does not change. Chemical equilibrium is a reversible reaction,
meaning the reaction can take place from the reagent to form the product
and from the product to the reagent (alternating reaction).Chemical
equilibrium includes changes in physics as in fusionand evaporation and
chemical changes, including electrochemistry. This discussionis about
thermodynamics, especially in terms of the role of enthalpy andentropy.
We will see that the same view of equilibriumand the direction of change
in spontaneity is derived from the chemical terms of substances
(Kartodadiprojo, 1994).
One of the tools used to obtain equilibrium data between the
liquids phase and the gas phase is Glass Othmer Still. The things that
influence the equilibrium system are: Pressure (P), Temperature (T),
concentration of component A in the liquid phase (x) and concentration of
component A in the vapor phase (y). (Sari, 2012).
According to Le Chatelier, an equilibrium system will retain its
position if there are changes that result in a shift in equilibrium reactions.
There are several factors that affect chemical equilibrium.
Asconcentration change. Changes in concentration can affect positionthe
state of equilibrium, or rather the relative amount of reactants and
products.Changes in pressure and volume may have the same effectto the
gas system in equilibrium. Only temperature changes canchange the
equilibrium constant value. Catalysts can accelerate
achievementequilibrium by accelerating the rate of forward and rate of
reactionreverse reaction. But the catalyst cannot change the equilibrium
position orequilibrium constant (Chang, 2003).
Equilibrium constant (K) is the product of the product the reaction
coefficient is divided by the reactant product to be raised the reaction
coefficient. The equilibrium constant has a fixed value at a certain
temperature. If the reactants and products are expressed with
concentration, then the equilibrium constant is written with the symbol
Kc. For example for the reaction:
aA(g) + bB(g) ⇌ cC(g) + dD(g)
So the value Kc is
[𝐶]𝑐 [𝐷]𝑑
𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐴]𝑎 [𝐵]𝑏
If the equilibrium constant (Kc) is small (Kc <1), it means that in
the equilibrium state, the product concentration is small, so the
 equilibrium constant is also small, it shows the back and forth reaction is
not going well. If the large equilibrium constant (Kc) (Kc> 1) means in
equilibrium the concentration of the reactants is small, so the price of the
large equilibrium constants shows that the reaction proceeds back and
forth. (Keenan, 1990).
2. Acid-Base Titration
Acid-base titration are often called “aside-alkalimetri”, while for
other measurement titration is often used ometrics replace-imetri. The
word metri comes from Greek, which means the science of the art namely
with or from (with or off). The suffix I comes from the latin word and P
from the Greek word. So acidimetry can be interpreted as meaning the
amount of acid or measurement with acid (measurement in the amount of
base or salt) (Harjadi, 1990).
Acid-base titration can provide a sharp enough end point and for
this reason observations are used with indicators of pH numbers at the
equivalen point 4-10. Like wise the end point of the titration will be sharp
at acidic or weak base titration, if the titration is a strong base or acid with
a ratio of acid dissociation constant greater than 104 the pH if the volume
of titration changes. In an acid-base reaction proton are transferred from
one molecule to another. In water proton usually solvated as H3O. acid-
base reaction are reversible. Temperature affects acid-base titration, pH
and color changes in indicators depending indirectly on temperature
(Khopkar, 1999).
In both types of titration above, similar indicator are use, namely
phenoftalane (PP) and methyl orange (MO). This is done because if you
use another indicator, for example TB, ME or another, then the pH route
is very far from equivalen (Harjadi, 1990).
3. Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate Ester
Ester (ethyl acetate) in acidic solutions are studied for various
temperature. For each temperature, the reaction progress will be tracked
by the measurement pH after a certain time step, which in turn will
provide the recation rate.
 The hydrolysis ester reaction was chosen for this experiment for
practical reasons. First, it occurs at a rather law level, so changes can be
observes in minutes. Second, it requires acid as a catalyst. The number of
products so that it can be followed as a function of time by extracting a
small amount of the solution reacts at a certain time interval. Thinning
this water by aliquots will almost stop the reaction and allow for analysis
without haste. Third, the product itself is acidic, so its concentration can
be easily and precisely determined by titration.
Esters are thick oxoacid chemicals a hydroxyl and a component,
such as alcohol. Acid catalyse hydrolysis of ethyl acetate forming acetic
acid and ethanol (Sears & Zemansky, 1995).
E. TOOLS AND MATERIALS
a. Tools
1. Burette 1 pcs
2. Staive and clamp 1 set
3. Erlenmeyer 250 mL 3 pcs
4. Erlenmeyes 100 mL 4 pcs
5. Beaker glass 100 mL 1 pcs
6. Measure glass 10 mL 1 pcs
7. Plastic warp sufficiently
b. Substances
1. NaOH solid sufficiently
2. Phenolptalien indicator sufficiently
3. Absolute ethanol 10 mL
4. HCl 2N 15 mL
5. HCl 0,1N 20 mL
6. Acetate acid 10 mL
F. LANES WORK
1. Blanko solution
5 mL HCl 2N
1. Poured into Erlenmeyer
2. Add 2 drops of PP Indicator
3. Filtrated with NaOH 2N
4. Reapeated 3x
Result

2. Experiment 2
5 mL HCl 5 mL HCl 5 mL HCl 5 mL HCl
0,1N + 1 mL 0,1N + 2 mL 0,1N + 3 mL 0,1N + 4 mL
ethanol + 4 ethanol + 3 ethanol + 2 ethanol + 1
mL acetic acid mL acetic acid mL acetic acid mL acetic acid

1. Entered into each Erlenmeyer

2. Close and place in the water bath
3. Noted the temperature
4. Saved for 3 days
5. Titration each solution
Volume NaOH

6. Determined absolute mol or ethanol and acetic acid

Moles of ethanol and acetic acid
Reaction :
1. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) (Holman & Stone, 1995).
𝐻+
2. C2H5OH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ↔ CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → CH3COONa (aq) + C2H5OH (aq) (Otera,
2003)
G. OBSERVATION RESULT
Observation result Asumption
No Experiment procedure Conclusion
Before After reaction

1. - HCl 2 N : - HCl 2N + - C2H5OH (aq) + - Kc1 = 0.143

5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL
colorless ethanol + CH3COOH (aq) - Kc2 = 0.110
HCl HCl HCl HCl
solution acetic acid: 𝐻+ - Kc3 = 0.077
0,1N + 0,1N + 0,1N + 0,1N + ↔
1 mL 2 mL 3 mL 4 mL - Ethanol: colorless - Kc4 = 0.138
ethanol ethanol ethanol ethanol CH3COOC2H5
colorless solution - The average is Kc
+ 4 mL + 3 mL + 2 mL + 1 mL (aq) + H2O (l)
acetic acetic acetic acetic solution - Temperature = 0,117.
- CH3COOC2H5
acid acid acid acid - Acetic acid: of the stored: The equilibrium
(aq) + NaOH
colorless 30℃ constant does not
6. Entered into each Erlenmeyer (aq) →
solution - HCl 2N + depend on initial
7. Close and place in the water bath CH3COONa
8. Noted the temperature - NaOH: ethanol + concentration
(aq) + C2H5OH
9. Saved for 3 days colorless acetic acid +
10.
Volume Titration each solution (aq)
NaOH solution HCl 2N:
- Theory Kc= 4.2
7. Determined absolute mol or ethanol - Indicator PP: colorless
and acetic acid x 10-2
Moles of ethanol colorless solution
and acetic acid
solution - HCl 2N +
 ethanol +
acetic acid +
HCl 2N +
indicator PP:
colorless
solution
- NaOH
volume:
V1: 37.5 ml
V1: 25.1 ml
V1: 16.8 ml
V1: 11.1 ml
- After titration:
pink solution
2. - HCl 2 N : - HCl 2N + HCl (aq) +
5 mL HCl 2N colorless indicator pp + NaOH (aq) →
1. Poured into Erlenmeyer solution NaOH NaCl (aq) + H2O
2. Add 2 drops of PP Indicator - Indicator PP: solution: (l)
3. Filtrated with NaOH 2N
4. Reapeated 3x colorless colorless

Result solution solution

- NaOH 2N : - NaOH
colorless volume:
solution - V1 = 4.2 ml
- V2 = 4.2 ml
- V3 = 4.5 ml
- HCl 2N +
indicator pp +
NaOH
solution +
NaOH
(4.2;4.2;4.5)
ml = pinkk
solution
H. ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATION
This experiment purpose is to find out the equilibrium constant of a
reaction and note that the equilibrium constant does not depend on initial
concentration. This experiment done in 27th of March 2019.
Preparation
This experiment needs preparation. The preparation must be done 3
days before experiment or more. Inside Erlenmeyer 1 was entered 5 mL
HCl 2N + 1 mL ethanol + 4 mL acetic acid. Inside Erlenmeyer 2 was
entered 5 mL HCl 2N + 2 mL ethanol + 3 mL acetic acid. Inside
Erlenmeyer 3 was entered 5 mL HCl 2N + 3 mL ethanol + 2 mL acetic
acid. Inside Erlenmeyer 4 was entered 5 mL HCl 2N + 4 mL ethanol + 1
mL acetic acid.
Then, the Erlenmeyers were covered by plastic wrap and stored in
thermostat bath on room temperature until 3 days. The reaction in each
Erlenmeyer is
HCl
CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OOH (aq) ↔ CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
This reaction is kind of esterification. Esterification is production
of ester from carboxylic acid and alcohol in acidic atmosphere. In this
experiment carboxylic acid is acetic acid, and alcohol is ethanol.
Esterification runs very slowly. Because of that this preparation needs 3
days to make sure the product of acetic acid and ethanol reaction (ester, in
this reaction is ethyl acetate) has been yield. HCl used as catalyst. Catalyst
works by find the best route of reaction by lowering the activation energy
(Chang, 2003). HCl is chosen because it is the suitable solution as catalyst
in this reaction compare to H2SO4. The mixture inside Erlenmeyer will be
titrated by NaOH in the experiment. And the process produce heat (the
mixture occur exothermic reaction). If H2SO4 used as catalyst in this
reaction, the heat produce will be bigger than the HCl is because the
number of its H+ ion is twice of HCl’s. The big amount of H2SO4 as
catalyst used in the experiment will be danger because may result
exploitation.
 After three days, ester already yielded indicated by the special
smell of the Erlenmeyers stored in thermostat bath.
NaOH standardization
The first experiment is standardization of NaOH by 5 mL HCl 2N.
5 mL of HCl 2N entered to Erlenmeyer, then added 5 drops of PP
indicator. Next, it was titrated by NaOH solution. The result is volume of
NaOH. This is acid-base titration. Acid-base titration is a method of
quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of an acid or base
(in this experiment is base, NaOH) by exactly neutralizing it with a
standard acid or base solution (in this experiment is HCl) with known
concentration (Harjadi, 1990). NaOH added from burette, it called titrant,
and HCl, which was in Erlenmeyer, called titrat. PP (phenolphthalein) is
suitable for HCl-NaOH titration (Chang, 2003). Phenolphthalein is
colorless in acid or neutral atmosphere, but will be reddish in base
atmosphere. Exactly under pH 8,3, it is colorless, and when it passes 8,3,
reddish color will appear. The more base, the more red the color will be
(Chang, 2003). Universal indicator also can be used as indicator in this
experiment, but it will be inefficient compare to PP indocator. Color
changes of universal indicator is more than PP. The color changes from
strong acid-weak acid-neutral-weak base-strong base is red-orange/yellow-
green-blue-purple/violet. So PP is more efficient that it color changes from
colorless to softpink. The reaction is
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
NaOH added until reach equivalence point and must be stopped
after color of PP indicator changes from colorless to soft pink. Indicator is
a sign that substances are completely react. Indicator can changes it color
because it reacts with one drop of titrant added. Equivalence point means
substance that is added is enough to be completely react with substance
inside the Erlenmeyer. Titration repeated 3 times to get more accurate
result. Volume of NaOH obtained is 4,2 mL, 4,2 mL, and 4,5 mL. From
volume can be calculated the equivalence moles of NaOH that will be used
in titration of mixture that have been prepared before.
Titration
The next experiment is titration of mixture that have been prepared
before. Thermostat bath where 4 Erlenmeyers containing mixture stored
inside was measured the temperature using thermometer. Then the plactic
wrap that covered each Erlenmeyer was removed. After that, HCl 2N
(blanco solution) is added, each 5 mL to the Erlenmeyers. Then it was
added by 5 drops of PP indicator. Next, each Erlenmeyer titrated by NaOH
as standard solution. The same principle as standardization (experiment
before) occur. This is acid-base titration. Acid-base titration is a method of
quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of an acid or base
(in this experiment is base, NaOH) by exactly neutralizing it with a
standard acid or base solution (in this experiment is HCl) with known
concentration (Harjadi, 1990). NaOH added from burette, it called titrant,
and HCl, which was in Erlenmeyer, called titrat. PP (phenolphthalein) is
suitable for HCl-NaOH titration (Chang, 2003). Phenolphthalein is
colorless in acid or neutral atmosphere, but will be reddish in base
atmosphere. Exactly under pH 8,3, it is colorless, and when it passes 8,3,
reddish color will appear. The more base, the more red the color will be
(Chang, 2003). Universal indicator also can be used as indicator in this
experiment, but it will be inefficient compare to PP indocator. Color
changes of universal indicator is more than PP. The color changes from
strong acid-weak acid-neutral-weak base-strong base is red-orange/yellow-
green-blue-purple/violet. So PP is more efficient that it color changes from
colorless to softpink. NaOH added until reach equivalence point and must
be stopped after color of PP indicator changes from colorless to soft pink.
Indicator is a sign that substances are completely react. Indicator can
changes it color because it reacts with one drop of titrant added.
Equivalence point means substance that is added is enough to be
completely react with substance inside the Erlenmeyer. Titration repeated
3 times to get more accurate result. The reaction is
CH2COOC2H5 (aq) + NaOH (aq)  CH3COONa (aq) + C2H5OH (aq)
 After reach final point titration, after few minutes the color of
mixture inside the Erlenmeyer changes from soft pink to colorless because
of volatile properties of PP indicator. The result of the experiment is
volume of NaOH. Volume of NaOH obtained for Erlenmeyer 1;2;3; and 4
are 37,5 mL;25,1 mL;16,8 mL;11,1 mL. From volume can be calculated
the equivalence moles of ethanol absolute and moles of acetic acid. In
Erlenmeyer 1, equivalence moles of ethanol absolute is 0,0084 and
equivalence moles of acetic acid is 0,0614. From the moles of all
substances, can be calculated the equilibrium constant. Equilibrium
constant calculated from the formula
[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶 𝐻 ][𝐻2 𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶
2 5
3 𝐻2 5 𝑂𝐻]

From that formula, Kc of solution in Erlenmeyer 1 is 0,143. In Erlenmeyer

2, equivalence moles of ethanol absolute is 0,236 and equivalence moles
of acetic acid is 0,0416. Kc of solution in Erlenmeyer 2 is 0,110. In
Erlenmeyer 3, equivalence moles of ethanol absolute is 0,042 and
equivalence moles of acetic acid is 0,025. Kc of solution in Erlenmeyer 3
is 0,077. In Erlenmeyer 4, equivalence moles of ethanol absolute is 0,0646
and equivalence moles of acetic acid is 0,0136. Kc of solution in
Erlenmeyer 4 is 0,138.
The equilibrium constant based on theory is 0,042. Equilibrium
constant based on experiment (average) is 0,117.
I. CONCLUSION
In this experiment the conclusion is:
 Kc1 = 0.143
 Kc2 = 0.110
 Kc3= 0.077
 Kc4 = 0.013
The average is Kc = 0,117.
 The equilibrium constant does not depend on initial concentration
J. REFERENCES
Chang, R. (2003). Kimia Dasar Konsep-Konsep Inti (Ketiga). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Harjadi, W. (1990). Ilmu Kimia Analitik Dasar. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama.

Holman, J., & Stone, P. (1995). Chemistry. Chellenham: Thomas Nelson & Son.

Kartodadiprojo, I. (1994). Kimia Fisika. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Keenan. (1990). General Collage Chemistry. New York: Harpen and Row

Pletisker.

Khopkar, S. M. (1999). Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. Jakarta: UI Press.

Otera, J. (2003). Esterification Method, Reaction, and Aplication. Japan: WILEY-

4CH.

Oxtoby, G., & Nachtrieb. (2001). Kimia Modern (Keempat). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Sari. (2012). Data Kesetimbangan Uap-Air Dan Ethanol-Air Dari Hasil

Fermentasi Rumput Gajah. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi

Industry UPN.

Sears, K. W., & Zemansky, M. W. (1995). University Physics. New York:

Addison Wesley Publishing.

ATTACHMENT
CALCULATION
p CH3COOH = 1,049 gram/mL
p C2H5OH = 0,789 gram/mol
4,2+4,2+4,5
V average NaOH = = 4,3 𝑚𝐿
3

Erlenmeyer 1
𝑝𝑋𝑉 1,049 𝑥 4
Mol CH3COOH = = = 0,07 mol
𝐵𝑀 60
𝑝𝑋𝑉 0,789 𝑥 1
Mol C2H5OH = = = 0,017 mol
𝐵𝑀 46

Mol of solution = mol NaOH

= M NaOH x V NaOH
= 2M X 4,3mL
= 0,0086 mol
Equivalence mol of [H+] = Equivalence mol of [OH-]
= M NaOH X V NaOH
= 2M X 37,5 mL
= 75 mmol = 0,075 mol
[H+] rest = meq of [H+] – mol blanco solution
= 0,07-0,0086
= 0,0614 mol
Mol reacted = 0,07-0,0614 = 0,0086
CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OH (aq)  CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
M 0,07 0,017 - -
R 0,0086 0,0086 0,0086 0,0086

S 0,0614 0,0084 0,0086 0,0086

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶 𝐻 ][𝐻2 𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶
2 5
3 𝐻 2 5 𝑂𝐻]

0,0086 𝑋 0,0086
= 0,0614 𝑋 0,0084

7,396 𝑋 10−5
= 5,157 𝑋 10−4
 = 0,143
Erlenmeyer 2
𝑝𝑋𝑉 1,049 𝑥 3
Mol CH3COOH = = = 0,052 mol
𝐵𝑀 60
𝑝𝑋𝑉 0,789 𝑥 2
Mol C2H5OH = = = 0,034 mol
𝐵𝑀 46

Mol of solution = mol NaOH

= M NaOH x V NaOH
= 2M X 4,3mL
= 0,0086 mol
Equivalence mol of [H+] = Equivalence mol of [OH-]
= M NaOH X V NaOH
= 2M X 25.1 mL
= 50.2 mmol = 0,0502 mol
[H+] rest = meq of [H+] – mol blanco solution
= 0,0502-0,0086
= 0,0416 mol
Mol reacted = 0,0502-0,0416 = 0,0104
CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OH (aq)  CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
M 0,0502 0,017 - -
R 0,0104 0,0104 0,0104 0,0104

S 0,0416 0,0236 0,0104 0,0104

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶 𝐻 ][𝐻2 𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶
2 5
3 𝐻 2 5 𝑂𝐻]

0,0104 𝑋 0,0104
= 0,0416 𝑋 0.0236
0.000108
= 0.0236

= 0.110
Erlenmeyer 3
𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑥𝑣 1,049 ⁄𝑚𝐿 ×2 𝑚𝐿
Mol CH3COOH = = 𝑔𝑟 = 0,034 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑀 60 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑥𝑣 0,789 ⁄𝑚𝐿 ×3 𝑚𝐿
Mol C2H5OH = = 𝑔𝑟 = 0,051 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑀 46 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

Mol of solution = Mol NaOH

= M NaOH × V NaOH
= 2 M × 4,3 mL
= 8,6 mmol = 0,0086 mol
Mol eq [H+] = mol eq [OH-]
= M NaOH × V NaOH
= 2 M × 16,8 mL
= 33,6 mmol = 0,0336 mol
[H+] remains = mol eq [H+] – mol blanco solution
= 0,0336 – 0,0086
= 0,025 mol
Mol that react = 0,034-0,025
= 0,009 mol
CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OH (aq) → CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
M 0,034 0,051
R 0,009 0,009 0,009 0,009
S 0,025 0,042 0,009 0,009
[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶 𝐻 ][𝐻2 𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶
2 5
3 𝐻 2 5 𝑂𝐻]

0,009×0,009
= 0,025×0,042
0,000081
= = 0,077
0,00105
Erlenmeyer 4
𝑝𝑋𝑉 1,049 𝑥 1
Mol CH3COOH = = = 0,017 mol
𝐵𝑀 60
𝑝𝑋𝑉 0,789 𝑥 4
Mol C2H5OH = = = 0,068 mol
𝐵𝑀 46

Mol of solution = mol NaOH

= M NaOH x V NaOH
= 2M X 4,3mL
= 0,0086 mol
Equivalence mol of [H+] = Equivalence mol of [OH-]
= M NaOH X V NaOH
= 2M X 11,1 mL
= 22,2 mmol = 0,0222 mol
[H+] rest = meq of [H+] – mol blanco solution
= 0,0222-0,0086
= 0,0136 mol
Mol reacted = 0,017-0,0136 = 0,0084
CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OH (aq)  CH3COOC2H5 (aq) + H2O (l)
M 0,017 0,068 - -
R 0,0084 0,0084 0,0084 0,0084

S 0,0086 0,0596 0,0084 0,0084

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶 𝐻 ][𝐻2 𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶
2 5
3 𝐻 2 5 𝑂𝐻]

0,0084 𝑋 0,0084
= 0,0086 𝑋 0,0596
0,00007056
=
0,00051256

= 0,138
A. DOCUMENTATION

Measuring volume of ethanol absolute

Acetic acid glacial Wrapped erlenmeyers containing HCl +

ethanol + acetic acid

Erlenmeyers stored in Solution added by HCl and PP indicator

thermostat bath before titration
Titration using NaOH Solution after titration (HCl + NaOH)

Solution after titration