When to use HAS, HAVE and HAD?

When to add ‘s’ plural form

Eg: Ali has three pens.

When to add ‘s’ into verb?

 Added to regular verb in the present tense
 When the subject of the verb is a third person singular subject.

Eg:

Singular Plural
1st person I drop the ball We drop the ball
(refer to yourself)
2nd person You drop the ball You all drop the ball
(refer to the person you talk)
3rd person He drops the ball They drop the ball
(Ali,He,She,It)

Apostrophe (’)
 Eg: Ali’s – singular noun
 Eg: Pupils’- plural noun
 When to use ‘a’ and ‘the’?
Use ‘a’ and ‘an’ for general things.

 1st time use noun in a paragraph (A man ran into the street)
 Not specific title (a queen / a president)
 Not specific country (a country)
 Not specific lake/ river/ ocean (a lake, a river, an ocean)
 Non specific monument or building (a building, a tower)

Use ‘the’ for:

-Specific places that have no names (the bookstore, the cafeteria)
-The title of the school has ‘of’ / ‘for’ in it (the University of Oxford, the Maryland
School for the Deaf)
-Specific names of monument or building (the White House / the Library of Congress)
-Specific names of river or ocean (the Pacific Ocean, the Potomac River)
-Specific names of Geographical area (the West, the North East)
-The country name is plural (the United States, the Phillipines)
-Specific person that have title (the President of America, the Queen of England)
-The 2nd time using the same noun in the same paragraph (A man ran into the street. A
car hit the man)

Don’t use ‘a’ ‘an’ ‘the’ if the place/building have name

For eg: Harvard University, America, Singapore, Malaysia, Lake Ontario, Fourth
Street.
 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
 Indefinite article- a, an
 Definite article- the
 Quantifier- determiner that indicates quantity

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
Have singular and plural form Have singular form only
Eg: table/tables, pen/pens Eg: rice,knowledge,advice,hair
Can be counted Cannot be counted
1st time mention abt the noun use (indefinite) Can use indefinite article when the
2nd time mention abt noun use (definite) uncountable noun are treated as countable
Eg: I saw a (indefinite article) cat yesterday.1he noun
(definite article) cat was grey with black stripes. Eg: Please select a wine that you like.
Can use definite article when there is only
Definite article can be used when referring to
thing or person in existence.
specific items.
Eg: Please take me to the doctor. I’m not
Eg: I found the luggage that I had lost.
feeling well.
Quantifier:
Quantifier:
Many, few, a few, fewer, several
Much, little, a little bit of, some
Eg: The citizens came to the meeting with
Eg: Would you like some tea? There’s very
many suggestions on how to improve their
little dessert left.
neighbourhood.
Quantifier:
All, some, any, lots of, plenty of, enough
Eg: We have some deserts for the party tonight.