Chapter 12 Health Education

Instructional Materials

- objectives or vehicles by which information is

communicated
- Tools used to enhance teaching and learning

MAJOR VARIABLES TO CONSIDER IN CHOOSING

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Characteristics of the learner

2. Characteristics of the medium
3. Characteristics of the task

3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL

MATERIALS

1. Delivery System
- Includes both software and hardware used in
presenting information

The choice is influenced by:

 The number of learners to be taught
 The pacing and flexibility
 Sensory aspects
2. Content
- Intended message
- Independent of the delivery system and is the
actual information being communicated to the
learner

Factors an educator must consider in selecting I.M

 The accuracy of info
  The appropriateness of the medium
 The appropriateness of the readability level
3. Presentation
- The form of the message
Weston and Cranston – described the form of the
message as occurring along a continuum from
concrete to abstract (symbols)

Realia

- The condition of being real

- Refers to the most concrete form of stimuli
that can be used to deliver information

Illusionary Representations

- Applies to a less concrete, more abstract form of

stimuli to deliver a message
Examples:
> Photograph
> Audiotapes
> Real – life drawing
> Projecting true sounds

Symbolic Representations

- Most abstract types of messages

- Most common form of I.M to communicate
information
Examples:
> Numbers
> Letters
> Handouts
> Posters
> Flip charts
TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Written Materials
- Most widely used and most accessible type of
tools for teaching.
Examples:
> Handouts
> Books
> Brochures
TYPES OF WRITTEN MATERIALS
 Commercially Prepared Materials
- may or may not be produced in collaboration
with health care professionals which raises the
question of how factual and understandable
they are.

QUESTIONS TO HAVE WHEN DEALING WITH

COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED MATERIALS
1. Who produced the item
2. Can the item be previewed
3. Is the price consistent with its educational
value
4. Can the tool be used with large numbers of
learners
5. How quickly will the info be outdated
 Self-Composed Materials
- Writing one’s own instructional materials
Tailored Instruction
- personalizing the message so that the
content, structure and image fits an individual’s
learning needs
 TIPS TO HAVE CLEAR AND APPROPRIATE SELF
– COMPOSED PRINTED MATERIALS

A. Make certain that content is accurate and

up to date
B. Organize the content in a logical manner
C. Avoid medical jargons
D. Find out the average grade completed by
the target audience

EVALUATING PRINTED MATERIALS

A. Nature of the audience

- Age of the audience
B. Literacy level required
C. Linguistic variety available
- refers to the choices of printed materials
in diff languages that may be accessed
D. Clarity and Brevity
E. Layout and Appearance
F. Opportunity for Repetition
G. Concreteness and Familiarity
- active voice should be used
2. Demonstrations Materials
TYPES OF DEMO MATERIALS
a. Model
- three dimensional objects that allow
the learner to immediately apply
knowledge and psychomotor skills

3 SPECIFIC TYPES OF MODELS

1. Replica
- exact copy constructed to scale that
 resembles the features or substance of the
original object

2. Analogue
- has the same properties and performs like
the real object
- effective in explaining and representing
dynamic systems

3. Symbol
- used frequently in teaching situations
Examples:
> formulas
> mathematical signs
> traffic signs

b. Displays
- two dimensional objects that are
useful tools for a variety of teaching
purposes
- can be used to convey simple or short
messages and to clarify important
topics
o Posters
- can serve as an independent source of
info or can be used along with otherI.M
PURPOSE: VISUAL STIMULATION
3. Audiovisual Materials
- support and enrich education process by
stimulating the senses of seeing, hearing
- increase understanding and retention of info
 Multimedia Learning

- Use of two or more types of learning modes that

can be accessed via computer

Blended Learning
- Combines e – learning technology with more
traditional instructor – led teaching methods

TYPES OF AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS

1. Projected Learning Resources

- includes overhead transparencies, SMART Board
Systems etc.
SMART Board
- large whiteboard that uses touch technology to
project messages
2. Video Learning Resources
- digital video files and DVDS, cameras
3. Audio Learning Resource
- audio tapes, digital sound players, compact discs
4. Telecommunications Learning Resource
- Information can be transmitted via television,
telephone
5. Computer Learning Resource