What is Ontology?

Ontology is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with existence and reality. In other words, it deals with the nature of
reality or truth. Questions like ‘What is existence?’, ‘What is there?’ and ‘What is the nature of existence?’ are asked in
ontology.
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-ontology-and-epistemology/
Ontological Argument • Ontology: the study of being • ‘Ontological argument’ refers to a number of arguments which all
attempt to prove God’s existence from the meaning of the word God. • Therefore the basis of these arguments depend on
one’s understanding of the nature of God. • It’s all about definitions!
Natural theology, once also termed physico-
theology, is a type of theology that provides
arguments for the existence of God based
on reason and ordinary experience of nature.
So in short, ontology is a sub-field
of metaphysics. Ontology is the study of being,
and is a little more specific and narrow
than metaphysics in general which is the study of
the general nature of reality, and this includes
other questions more broad and fundamental than
those of ontology alone.

Metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality or

what sorts of things are real; it also seeks basic
criteria or first principles for determining what
sorts of things are real. It can address such topics
as space and time, determinism and free will, God,
mind and matter, identity and change, and more.
Questions can range from "Why do I exist?" and "What is the meaning of life?" to "Does the world exist outside of the
mind?"
Ontology concerns itself with what exists, and can range from asking what does it mean for a thing to exist, to asking
"what exists," to seeking to identify and establish relationships between existent things. However, questions about
ontology can lead to questions about those questions, becoming metaontology, or a study of the study of what there is.
In metaphysics, realism about a given object is the view that this object exists in reality independently of our conceptual
scheme.
Realism, in philosophy, the viewpoint which accords to things which are known or perceived an existence or nature which
is independent of whether anyone is thinking about or perceiving them.
Nominalism is the doctrine that abstract concepts, general terms or universals have no independent existence but exist
only as names. Therefore, various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name. Put another
way, only actual physical particulars are real, and universals exist only subsequent to particular things, being just verbal
abstractions.
Tritheism is an anti-Trinitarian heresy. Tritheism is the belief in three gods, as opposed to the Trinitarian doctrine of three
Persons in One Godhead. Tritheism understands that God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are three
separate gods. It accepts the threeness of God, but ignores the unity of God. As affirmed at the Council of Nicaea (325)
and Constantinople (381), the doctrine of the Trinity is essentially that God is one in being or essence, while existing as
three co-equal, co-eternal Persons - God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.
A mathematical proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions
logically guarantee the conclusion.
Proof is the foundation of all mathematics. Some proofs are just a few lines long while others run to thousands of pages,
but all proofs share a common structure. Beginning with a set of reasonable assumptions, a proof follows logical steps that
demonstrate a result that must be true. Without this logical process, mathematicians could not build on the work of others
and the whole of maths would come crumbling down.
Writing a mathematical proof is similar to an attorney arguing a case in a courtroom. An attorney's task is to prove a
person's guilt or innocence using evidence and logical reasoning. A mathematical proof shows a statement to be true
using definitions, theorems, and postulates. Just as with a court case, no assumptions can be made in a mathematical
proof. Every step in the logical sequence must be proven. Mathematical proofs use deductive reasoning, where a
conclusion is drawn from multiple premises. The premises in the proof are called statements.
Proofs can be direct or indirect. In a direct proof, the statements are used to prove that the conclusion is true. An indirect
proof, on the other hand, is a proof by contradiction. It begins by assuming the opposite of the statement that is to be
proven. During the proof, a contradiction will be reached, showing that the assumed statement is false.
Empirical evidence is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of
patterns and behavior through experimentation.[1] The term comes from the Greek word for experience, ἐμπειρία
(empeiría).
as·sump·tion a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.
In philosophy, being means the material or immaterial existence of a thing.[1] Anything that exists is being. Ontology is
the branch of philosophy that studies being. Being is a concept encompassing objective and subjective features
of reality and existence[2]. Anything that partakes in being is also called a "being", though often this usage is limited[by
whom?]
to entities that have subjectivity (as in the expression "human being"). The notion of "being" has, inevitably, been
elusive and controversial in the history of philosophy,[citation needed] beginning in Western philosophy with attempts among
the pre-Socratics to deploy it intelligibly. The first effort to recognize and define the concept came from Parmenides, who
famously said of it that "what is-is". Common words such as "is", "are", and "am" refer directly or indirectly to being.
Existence is the ability of an entity to interact with physical or mental reality. In philosophy, it refers to
the ontological property[1] of being.[2]
Objectivity is a philosophical concept of being true independently from individual subjectivity caused by perception,
emotions, or imagination. A proposition is considered to have objective truth when its truth conditions are met without
bias caused by a sentient subject. Scientific objectivity refers to the ability to judge without partiality or external
influence, sometimes used synonymously with neutrality.
Subjectivity is a central philosophical concept, related to consciousness, agency, personhood, reality, and truth, which has
been variously defined by sources. Three common definitions include that subjectivity is the quality or condition of:

 Something being a subject, narrowly meaning an individual who possesses conscious experiences, such as
perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires.[1]
 Something being a subject, broadly meaning an entity that has agency, meaning that it acts upon or wields power over
some other entity (an object).[2]
 Some information, idea, situation, or physical thing considered true only from the perspective of a subject or subjects.
These various definitions of subjectivity are sometimes joined together in philosophy. The term is most commonly used as
an explanation for that which influences, informs, and biases people's judgments about truth or reality; it is the collection
of the perceptions, experiences, expectations, and personal or cultural understanding of, and beliefs about, an
external phenomenon, that are specific to a subject.
Subjectivity is contrasted to the philosophy of objectivity, which is described as a view of truth or reality that is free of
any individual's biases, interpretations, feelings, and imaginings.[1]