p

Nothing
o
Exist
GORGIAS
SEM. JOHN GIDEON T. ABONG
GORGIAS
Born in Sicily around the year 483 B. C.

Disciple of Empedocles.
On Nature or Non- Being is his main philosophical
work
2
 View on Truth
Protagoras and Gorgias ON
TRUTH.
PROTAGORAS GORGIAS
man is the measure of There is no truth
all things
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 Such that, Gorgias assert his claim
expressed in his extraordinary notions:
× (1)NOTHING EXISTS

(2) If anything exists,

it is incomprehensible
(3) If it is comprehensible,
it cannot be communicated
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 NOTHING
EXISTS
(1) If anything exists it must
be being, non- being
or both.
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 IT CANNOT BE
NON- BEING
- Non being does not exist,
so what exist cannot be non-
being
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 IT CANNOT BE
BOTH
- It cannot be Non- being,
therefore it cannot be both
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 IT CANNOT BE
BEING
- If it were Being, it must be
everlasting (eternal),
created (temporal), or both

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1. It is not temporal
a. If it is temporal, then it has a beginning
b. Thus it came from what is not Being
c. But Non-Being does not exist
d. Hence, it is not temporal

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2. It cannot be both

a. It cannot be either eternal or

temporal
b. Hence, it cannot be both

1
3. It is not eternal
a. If it is eternal, then it has no
beginning
b. Therefore it is without limit and so
boundless
c. Therefore it has no position

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i. To have a position is to be contained in something
ii. But to be boundless is not to be so contained.
iii. Hence, it has no position
d. Therefore it is nowhere
e. But to exist is to be somewhere
f. Hence, it is not eternal

HENCE, NOTHING 12
IF ANYTHING EXISTS,
IT IS INCOMPREHENSIBLE!
(1) The human mind can conceive
of Non-Beings
(2) Therefore, Non-Being is the object
of human thought!
(just as light is the object of sight, and
sound is the object of hearing)

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(3.) But if Non-Being is the object of human
thought, then Being is not the object of human
thought.
(4.) Hence, the human mind is not to be
trusted with Being and so existing
things cannot be thought—they can
only be witnessed by the senses.

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 IF ANYTHING IS COMPREHENSIBLE,
IT IS INCOMMUNICABLE!
(1) What exists is perceptible and there are no
interchanges between different
perceptions.
Communication is about speech
(logos), not about the things that
exist!
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IF ANYTHING IS COMPREHENSIBLE,
IT IS INCOMMUNICABLE!
(1) Furthermore, just as the perceptible are not
interchangeable, speech cannot be equated
with that which exists.

Therefore, speech can never

exactly represent the perceptible

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IF ANYTHING IS COMPREHENSIBLE,
IT IS INCOMMUNICABLE!
Hence, speech cannot give any information
about anything perceptible—it gives only
information about what is spoken

Thus, if anything exists and is

comprehensible, it is incommunicable 17
Since NOTHING EXISTS,
there could be no
reliable knowledge,
and certainly no truth.
18
He abandoned
philosophy and turned
to rhetoric and tried
to perfect it as the art
of persuasion. 19
2
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SOPMIGHT
H ISIS
RIGHT
THRASYMACHUS
399 BC
THRASYMACHUS
Portrayed as the Sophist
who asserted that
injustice is to be
preferred to the life of
justice.
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“INJUSTICE PAYS”
Not only at the meager level of
pick-pocket but for those who
carry injustice to the perfection
and make themselves masters
of whole cities and nations.
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× People should aggressively
pursue their own interests in a
virtually unlimited form of
self- assertion.
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 JUSTICE as being the
interest of the stronger.

MIGHT IS RIGHT

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 GABRIEL AND
JOHN IS HAVING
A FIGHT FOR
PANDECOCO
CLASS BEADLE FORMATOR

VS
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Laws are made by the
ruling party for its
own interest.

LAWS DEFINES WHAT IS RIGHT

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Pres. Rodrigo Duterte imposed extra
judicial killing as the process of
excommunicating drug lords and users.
RIGHT therefore,

means the interest of the party

established in power.
POWER
MORALITY
REDUCES

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Thank
You!
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