1. In the study conducted by Tao Chen, et al.

In the Department of Structural Engineering, Tongji University,in

Shanghai, China on September 2015 which was entitled as :“Flexural Strength of
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Repaired Cracked Rectangular Hollow
Section Steel Beams”.The experimental program included three beams
as control specimens and five beams strengthened with carbon fiber
reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates with or without prestressing. The
specimen were undera three point loading flexural behavior test to
failure.

It was concluded that yield loads of cracked beams could be

enhanced with repairing. Meanwhile, the ultimate loads were increased
to some extent. The effect of repair became significant with the
increase of the initial crack depth.

2. A study presented in Vancouver Canada in the 13th World

Conference on Earthquake Engineering by S. Chuang et al, (2004) which
was entitled with:“SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY
WALLS BY CABLE SYSTEM”.Three full-scale clay brick masonry walls
retrofitted with cable system, specifically wire ropes, and one
full-scale clay brick unreinforced masonry wall have been tested under
combined compression.In this testing program, axial loads were
applied to all specimen in addition to the lateral loads.
The improvement of the ultimate lateral load resistance of the
retrofitted walls with two cables strengthening is 2 times the
capacity of unreinforced wall. Seismic retrofitting of unreinforced
masonry walls with cable system proved to be an effective and reliable
strengthening alternative.

3. According to E.GhafooriabM,et al.

International Journal of Fatigue Volume 44, November 2012,which

was entitled with:“Fatigue strengthening of damaged metallic
beams using prestressed unbonded and bonded CFRP plates”Bonded
fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) reinforcement systems have
traditionally been found to be an efficient method for improving
the lifespan of fatigued metallic structures and have attracted
much research attention. Nevertheless, the performance of a bonded
FRP reinforcement system under fatigue loading is basically
dependent on the FRP-to-metal bond behavior. In this paper, a
prestressed unbonded reinforcement (PUR) system was developed.
A prestressed unbounded reinforcement (PUR) system was
developed. The performance of cracked beams strengthened by the
PUR system was examined. A theoretical method was developed to
estimate the crack arrest prestressing level.