Solids Image Color Solubility (what dissolves the Iodine Test Odor pH

test substance) (Acidity)

Black = 1-5 = ACID
Positive 6-7 = NEUTRAL
8-14 = BASE

Anhydrous White, Soluble in Warm Water no sweet 9 Base

Sodium Acetate granular, and Ethanol
NaOAc powder Not soluble in acid (HCl) no
fizz

Endothermic-gets cold
yeast Yellowish-tan Soluble in water No Smells like 7 Neutral
Granular pellets No fizz with acid. bread

dry

wet
Ascorbic acid White to Soluble in hot water: Solubility Clears Smells like 2 Acid
(vitamin C) slightly yellow- in alcohol iodine vitamin c
sandy No fizz with acid.
Calcium White powder Not in water. Soluble in acid Brown - odorless 7 Neutral
carbonate very airy HCl - will fizz. Insoluble in Will look
(powdered alcohol. like peanut
limestone) butter
Salt White grains Easily soluble in cold water, Delayed Slight 7 Neutral
(sodium hot water. Soluble in glycerol, reaction odor
chloride NaCl) and ammonia. Very slightly
soluble in alcohol. No fizz acid
HCl
Sugar White crystals- Easily soluble in cold water. no Carmel to 7 Neutral
more round Partially soluble in methanol. odorless
than salt No fizz in acid
Flour White to Soluble in water (clumpy- Yes-black Slight 7 Neutral in water
slightly yellow- gluey) No fizz in acid bread
tan powder odor
Calcium sulfate White powder Not in water. No fizz in acid no odorless 7 Neutral
2H2O (Chalk - Insoluble in alcohol.
gypsum)
Makes water harden into solid
Cornstarch White fine Not soluble in cold water - Yes-black odorless 7 Neutral
powder makes a thick paste,
No fizz in acid

Baking soda Rougher white Soluble in cold water. Slightly no odorless 9 Slightly Basic
(sodium powder soluble in alcohol. Fizzy for a
bicarbonate) long time in acid

Powdered Granular white- Insoluble water – turns into a no odorless 7 Neutral

gelatin yellow gel. No fizz in acid
Alka-Seltzer White granular Easily soluble in Any Liquid- No-just sweet 9 slightly Base
powdered powder fizzes. fizzy
Fizzes with everything

Sand Random shape, Non-soluble Bad odor - Dirt smell 7 Neutral

white to brown may have
black specs

See next page for steps to follow to determine the type of powder.
 Steps to follow:
1. Determine if it's powder, grain, or pellet.
2. If it's pellet, then it's yeast, with tan color, smells like bread.
3. If it's grain, then it's salt, sugar, gelatin, vitamin C, or sand.
3a) Gelatin has tan color, turns into gel, and swells in water.
3b) Sand could be white in color, doesn't not dissolve in water.
3c) Salt, Sugar and Vitamin C all dissolves in water.
3d) Vitamin C has ph 2, and clears in Iodine. Has distinctive smell.
3e) Salt and Sugar cannot be tasted!!! YOU COULD BE DISQUALIFIED. Instead, look at the crystal shape, if cubic-salt, -irregular-sugar
4. If it's powder, test if it's soluble in water.
5. If it dissolves in water then it's sodium acetate, alka-seltzer or baking soda.
5a) Use Iodine next, if it fizzes, then it's alka-seltzer.
5b) Use HCl to distinguish between sodium acetate and baking soda.
5c) Baking soda fizzes for a long time, sodium acetate doesn't fizz.
6. If it doesn't dissolve in water, it's Calcium Carbonate, Flour, Cornstarch, or Gypsum.
6a) Next use HCl, if it fizzes, it's Calcium Carbonate.
6b) Next use Iodine, if it DOES NOT blacken, then it's Gypsum.
6c) Use water, if it's flour, it will get lumpy. While cornstarch will get cloudy and slippery in water.

Experimental Procedures

A. Solubility Test

1. Obtain a test tube and put a about 1/8th teaspoon worth of the solid unknown in the test tube.

2. Fill the test tube about ½ full with water. Cap the test tube with a stopper and shake.

3. If the powder does not dissolve (indicated by a cloudy solution), it is insoluble - go to step B. If the powder dissolves or begins to dissolve it is
soluble -go to step D.

B. Iodine Test (Done with the insoluble powder test tube from the solubility test.)

1. Add 2-3 drops of Tincture of Iodine to the test tube from the solubility test.

2. Observe the color. (Blue-Black = Cornstarch, Brown = Calcium carbonate)

C. Acid HCl or Vinegar Test (Done with NEW test tube and samples.)

1. Place a spatula tip of the insoluble powder into a clean test tube.

2. Add about 2 - 3 mL of acid or vinegar.

3. If bubbles form the solid is calcium carbonate. If bubbles do NOT form the solid is gypsum.

D. Phenolphthalein Test (Done with the resulting solution from A. Solubility Test)

1. Add 3 - 5 drops of phenolphthalein to the test tubes.

2. Observe the color. A dark pink color indicates a basic solution and the powder is either Sodium Bicarbonate or Anhydrous Sodium Acetate -
go to step E. A colorless solution indicates a slightly acidic solution and the powder may be sugar.

E. Vinegar Test #2 (Done with NEW test tube and samples.)

1. Place a spatula tip of powder into a clean test tube.

2. Add about 2-3 mL of vinegar. If bubbles form the solid is sodium bicarbonate.
 Metals Liquids

Non- Image Color Water Test Acid Test Density Magnetic

Powdered mass÷volume
Metals (weigh the mass in
grams ÷ volume in
ml)
Do a displacement
of water in a
graduated
cylinder=ml=volume
Note: 1ml = 1cm3
Aluminum Metal: Grey, Light Density No Reaction In Delayed Fizz In 2.7 g/cm3 No
Water HCL
Light weight
Copper Metal: Orange-Ish, (Penny) No Reaction In Turns Extra 8.96 g/cm3 No
Water Shiny With HCL

Iron Metal: Black, Smells No Reaction In Delayed Fizz In 7.87 g/cm3 Yes
Water HCL

Magnesium Metal: Grey & Dull Delayed Bubbles In Fizzes In HCL, 1.74 g/cm3 No
Water
Light weight
Tin Metal: No Reaction In Little Fizz In 7.31 g/cm3 No
Yellow-Ish, Water HCL

Zinc Metal: Grey & Shiny No Reaction In Fizzes In HCL & 7.14 g/cm3 No
Water Then Darkens

Liquids Color Shake Test Iodine Test Odor Ph

(Acidity)
Bubbles = Positive 1-5 = ACID
6-7 = NEUTRAL
8-14 = BASE
Water Colorless, Clear No reaction with No smell 6-7
iodine
Ammonia Cloudy Especially Cloudy After No reaction to Sweet 10
Shaking iodine smelling, eyes
start to water
Hydrogen Colorless, Clear Bubbles When Shaken Bubbles with iodine No smell 6-7
Peroxide
Lemon Cloudy Yellow-ish No reaction to Smells citrusy 2-3
Juice iodine
Rubbing Colorless, Clear No reaction to Sweet smell 6-7
Alcohol iodine
(Isopropyl
Alcohol)
Vinegar Colorless, Clear No reaction to Strong smell 2
iodine