1

 
 

   

  

   
    
 


 
 
    
 
 
     

          



   
    


     
       

            

       
 
 



  
 


 


   

  
  
  
  


   
   

 

   
  
    

  
 
 
2

 
 

  





    


    

  
     
   
 

 

         
 

        

  
 
 
 
 
 

   

    
  
     


  
 
 
      

  
   
      
   
  
     

  
   


 
 

   




  

        

     

       

    

 




 
 


  
 
 
    

 
 

 
     
 
 
     
       
3

 
 

    
   
 
   

  

 
   

 
  

         


 

  

 

   


    

      
       


 
 

   
 
      

 


  
 


 
 

        
 


   

       
  
  



   
     




   
 

       

 
   
  
  

  
 
         
    

   


 

    
  

  
  

      
      
4

 
 

  


   
 

  

  

   

   


  

      
 
  

 



  


  
  

      
   

  

  
          

     
    
  
       


       
 
    

 
     110  
 

  

  
  
 


      

       
    
       
   

           

 
 
 
        
 
     

  

          
 

    
 
 
         
  

   
 

5

 
 

  
 
    
 
 

     

        

 
        
  
    
    

  


      
      

       

 
   
  
 
    
 
  
 

        

Mohammad at

 Mohammad at Mecca 

Madina
   


  
    
 

 
           

  
    

   
  

       

   

 


 
  



     
     

   
       
  

 
 
   

 
      
 
    

 
 


6

 
 

    
   
  
   

   
   
     


         


 
  

 
   
 
  
      
      

        



  
       
         

 
  
     
   

        
 

    

   
 
     

 
    
  

     
    



   

       
   
 
 
  
  
    


  
    
  
  
 
 
     
  
 
  
  

   
 


 
 

   
  
 
7

 
 

   
  
 

         

  

       
       

     
   
     
      
 

   
        



       

     
 
  
   

 
   

 

   
 


  
 
   



       


   


  
 
  
  
 

   
 
  
  
    
    
   
  

   
  
  
   

  
 

   
    
 




  

  

  

  
    
  
8

 
 

     
   
     


 
    
 
    

          

  
   
   
      
  
   
     

    

  


        
  
     

   
 
   

 
 
  

  

      


 
   
  

 

 
     
 


 
  

 
   


 
   
  
 

  
 
 
 

 

 
 
  
 

 
  

 
 

  



  
 
 

     


 
  

 
   
 
     
9

 
 



            
  


 
       
        

  

     

 
     

 

         


 


 
   

       
    
  
     
     
  


        

  
  
   
     
  

 
    
          

  
 
 


  
   
  

 

 
 
      


   
       

  

      
       
  

  
      
 
  

 
    
        
    
   
   

   


 
 


10

 
 



   
      
   
    

  
  
 
    



 
          
  

        



 
  
   
 
    

     

      
  


    
    
 

  
     
 
  

 
  

  
   
 
  


  
   
  
 

          
   
  
   
        
    

   

  
 
    
         

   

   

      


     

 
      

        

 
  
  
 
     
11

 
 


    
        
 

 


  

    198125 


        

     
   
 
  

    

 57 
   
 


  
 
  

   




 
  
 
    

    



         
   

     
 

 


  
      
 


  
    
      


   
 
 
 
    
    

 
  
 
 
  
      
   
  
  

   
     


      
 
   
12

 
 

  

  


     
 
 
        

         

  
      
 
  
    
  

 
    
   
   

  
 
 
 
   
 
          
 

 
      

  
    


      
 
  

     

 
  




     o    o 

 
  o   
  
    
  
  
  
 
 
      
  


             


   
   
             
    


       
 
    
 

13

 
 




  
    

   
     
  
  

   
    

  
 

 

 
 
  

     
     
 

  
   
     
  


 
  
   

 

  

  



  



  
  


  



   

      

 
   
  
     
        
 

           


   
  
    

   

     
  
       
  
  
   
      
14

 
 

   

  
 
    
 
    

      
   
   
 
  

  
 
  
   

    
   
  

   
 
  
 

 
 
 

   

 
   


 

    

        

  
    
 

 
     

      
   

 
   
 
     
 
  
 
     
 
 

  



    

 

       

   

 
  
  

   

  

 

          
  
 
    
15

 
 

 
 


 
   
 

    
 
      
      

   
  
   

     

 
   

       
                 


  

   

 
 
   
  
 


     

  
   
    
  

    

    
   
 
   
 


  
         



 
  


  
  
  72       
             
      
   

    
 

  
   
 

    
 
16

 
 

       

    
   


       

  

       

    


     

   
      

      
  
  






    
      

   

  

 
 
    
   
 
  
 
         
 

     
 
  

 
 
 


        

      

 
 

 


 


        
 
              
         
 
  
17

 
 

         

   

     
   
  

  
     
 

  


 
          

   

  
  
 
  
     
 
 

   

 
 
 
          72   

    
         
  

   
      
   
 
 
 
   
 



 

  
   
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
   

 
  
       
  

 
         
   
   
 
  
    
 
      
 
  
   
 
 
    
 
   

   

 
  
18

 
 

   

 
    


 

     
 13    11    
 

     
 
 

    
      
 
       

         

  
 
 

    
     

     

 
  
 

  
     
   
 
   13   11 

  


   
    

     

 
   
 
   

 
    

         

     
  


           
 
            
  
  

   
  



     

  

19

 
 

 
 
  
    


     
 
    
 
  
       
 

     
  
   
 
 

  
 

 


 
    
  
     
  
 

 

 
 




     


 

      
  
 
 
   



  
  
         

 
 
  
 

   

 

  

   
   
 
    

  
 
 


 
 
   
  72
  


  
  
 
 

   
  
 
  
 

20

 
 

 
 
 
 


  
     
 
   
      
  
     

   


  
          
     
  


 




 
 
 
 



 
   

     

 


 

   
   


       

    
       

   
 
   

   
      
   
 
   

  
  
  
  

 


   
      


 




 

             

 

  
 

 

 
21

 
 

 
    

   
     
   
 
  

   
  
    
 
 
   


    

 
 
    
 
    
  
    
       

       

 
 

   

      
     
     
    


  



     
 

               


  
  
  

 

    
 
    
    

  
                 

        
 


   

    
     
   
   

    

 
      
 
  


22

 
 


   



 
     

   
        
  

     
      
       




          
    

  




         

          


       

    
  



     

 
      

  
    
    
    
 
       
 


          

  
 


    


 
  
    
  
 
   



   
 


  


 

   
 
 

   52 
47 
       

  
       


    

 

  
 

23

 
 



    

     
 
  
 

               


  


 


   

    
   

 

   
 
 
    
       
   
     
  


 

       
    


                
       
21 


 
 
   


  
    
     

 
 
   
  

  
     

   

   
 52  


   
   
   56 
   47
           
 
  






   

  

  



        


    


    


 

 
 

 
    

24

 
 

   
          

 
  
    
         
        
 
 

        

 
  


             

to 
   
  exclude   


      
     
 
  the exclusion of
They shall constitute one

       


single indivisible ummah to the exculsion of all other

human beings.


 

 
 
   
 

  

  
  
 

 
   
  
    

   
  


  
 

 
 
  


       
 

      

   

  

   
  
  


  
     
      
    

25

 
 

       
 

 

   
   
 
  



   
 
 
 
 
 

 


 


  
  

   
  

   
         



 
   
 
  
 

  
 

  
 
 
 


 
 
 


  

  

   
        

     
 
  
   
 
 


 
      
 
They shall  

   


 

constitute a (seperate) Ummah along with the

         
 believiers.
  mis-interpret

   

  
  
  

26

 
 

        
  
 
        
   

 
      

         
 

 

 


    

   
  
  


  
 
  
     
 
  

  

  


 


 

  
      
   
         
        
  

      

 
    
     

      
   
         


   
 


  

 

 

   
  

  
 

   
 

 
  
  


 
     
 
  
27

 
 

       

      

            

 

  
 
    
 
   
       


 

   

  
   

  
     
   



     
    
 

  




 


  


     

 

  25


           
  
        

    

 
  
 
     Final Authority
             

 
  
 
  
  
   
        


   
           
    
      
        
   
 
   
   

             

28

 
 


 

  
   
 


       


    


  
 


  
     
        


 
     



    
  

   
  
  
    

 
   


 

 
    

     

  

  
   

 
  
 
 


       

   


  

24    
 

   
 

        

 



alongwith the  



   

   
 Muslims

   
            


 


  

   
      
 


  

 
  

       
   
29

 
 



 
   
  
    



 458   
      

 


    
 
 458       

  multi-religious   muti-tribal 



  

  multi-cultural  
     
  


 
   
   

  
   
 
   


        

  

 
   
 

       

    
  
 
       

   


   

 


  
   

      
   
       


   

 
   

  
       


       

30

 
 


   


 

 
   




 

 

 
  
             

  
 
  


 

 
     
 

   
  
   

        

  
  
   
     

   
   
    

         

 

   
    
  


             

  

      
 


         

 
      
 
 
 

 
       
    
 

        
 

 


 
  
     


       

31

 
 

    
 



  
     
   

 
     
  
  

  


    

     
 

      

  

  


  
  
    
 

        

  
      

           

       



   
     
 

              

  
 
   
   
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   


   
 
      

          

  

 

    
 

 

    

  
  

    

   
32

 
 

 
        
 
     
        
 

 
  


  
 
 
 


 

  
   

          

       

  
            
   
 
    
 
   

    


     

           

     

   

   

           

 
 
  
      

   
     


            

        
  
 
  

  
    
  
  
33

 
 



   
 


    

 


  
   

 




 



 

        

  


  



 
  
      


 
 
 
          

 

 
        
  

         

 
 



 
   
  

 
    
  
 

 
  
 


 
        

   

    
 
 

    
 
   

          


     
      

34

 
 

   
    

     

     

   

          

 
 




    



 
 
 

     

 
  

   

  
   

  
 
  
  
  
 
     
 




 


 
    


    
    


       
  



   
      
 
  

     

 
    

 
 


    



  
  
 




  

  

   
       
    
 



   
   
  
   
 


 


     

    





 
35

 
 



  
    

  
    



   

      
 
  


  
 
     
     
   
      

 
 
 

  
 
 
 
 
    
    
   



 
    
 

  
    
  
 
 



  
 
  
 

 

     
  
   



  
  

 
 

  

 
 
 
 

    


  


 

     
 
   


    

      
 

    


 
  

       

 

  


36

 
 

    

  
 
       
 

 
   
   

     
   

      

     

      

   

 
       

 
  

          

  

  
  

 
       


           
  

    
    

 

       

  
  
 
  
   

  
           
    
 

   
     
 
  

   


  
 

     

     

 
   
  


   
 
 
        

 

  
  

  
 
  
37

 
 

         
     

         

     

                
  



    

 


      


     



International Humanitarian Law   



 
 
   

    International Humanitarian Law    

 





 
  
  
    


      
      

        

 
  
 
  
    
   
    

              

        International
Criminal Court



 
  

   
    


   
          


   
   
    

     
 
       
 
           
38

 
 

 

  

      
   


       

  

   
   

   
       

      

    
    

     



 
     
  

      
  
  

  
 
  
 
 
 
 

 

 

 mutilate

   

 
 
  

   
  
  

 

      

      
 


 
       
        
     

 
   
 
    



 


  
   
39

 
 

  
    
 
     



  

    



      
  

 

 


   
   
     

 
   
  

  
    
  

   

  
   
 
      
  
 
  

    
    
    

    
 
   

   

   
 
  
  
  
      
   


   


            
 
  



 
 
 
    
 
  

 
  
  
  
   


   
      
  
 
  



     


   
  
    

 


 
       

40

 
 

  
       
   
  
  
 

  
   

 

            
   

     

 

    

    

     
 





         

    

   

   
     

     
 

 
   
        

       

   
 
     

  
     
   

    
    


         
     

      

  
    
     
  
  


  
  

   
            
  
    
41

 
 




       
 
 
      



  

 
   

   
    
   

   

 
     
 

     
   
  

 
     
   
  

   
        
 

 


 



   

 
 
     

   


     
      

      
  
      
     

    

 

       

     

   
 
  

  
    
        

 

    
 
 
    
    
      
   

        

             
42

 
 


          
 


 
Military

 
        


 Intelligence

During, the life time of the Prophet of Islam.

      
Pakistan
 counter

Historical society 

intelligence    

    

   
  
     

   
 

      
   
 

     

      


   
  
 
  
     

     
   
  

   

 

 
    

   
     
   

    
    
 
 
 
       
 


 
   
   
 
  
   

  
confirmation  

     


   
 
 
43

 
 

    suo moto       
  

  


    

 

       


    

  

  
     

   
 
  
  

 

  
 

 
       
  
 
 


        
  
 
  


 
  

  

 


    
     
  
 
 

 

 




 



        


 
    

  

  
 

  

  
 
   
 

 
  
                

      
 
      


           




       

     
44

 
 

    
   
    

         


    



 
 

 

 

    

   

     
 
  



   
 


  

   

    
     
   
 
      ombudsmann   
  
     

         
 
 
   


           

      
  
      
  
   
    
  

    
 
      
     

            
 
      
 
 

   
     
  
  
    

   
  
   


 
 
     

45

 
 

 
   
 
 
 
         

    
       
    
    


 
           
       

       
     
   

 

  

   
          

  
 
 
  
strategic


 
  
       
  

    

  interests


      


    
     
     
 
   
   
  
   

 
 
     
   
  

   
 
     
          
 

 
      
      
 

 
        
  
   
     

46

 
 

  
   


      
    

 

      
    
  
 

      



      

   

 
  

   
    
          
  

     
   
   
  
    
          

       

  

     
     
    
    

     
     
 

     

 
 

  

 
       
     
           


   
   
       




 

 
 



 

 
47

 
 

  

      


   
   

 


    
     

      
  

 
  
  
    






           
   
     

 



   
     
     
 
         

  
   






  
          
 



    

 
 
 


   
   

           

       
  



   


       
      



   


 

       
    
   
  
    
 
48

 
 


    
   

 
   
    
   
     
  
     

  
      
   


  
    
 

     



        

   
           
 
  

    



      


 
         
 
    
   
 
       
       
    

     

   
   
 


     

 

     
 
    
 

    
   


      

   


 


49

 
 

   


 
 
   
 
    

  

     


 

   
      


  
 
 
      
 

 
 
   


 

     

     



       

 
         

                

    

   
   


    
50

 
 

  
 
  
    
 

       

   
      



           

 

   

  
         
  

      
   
    


   

     
    
  
    

 
    

  
   
  

    
    
 
 



 

      
          
      
   
  
  


   
 
     
     

 
  

 

  
   


   
   
  

  
    
   

  
    


 
51

 
 

 75  72  5655  

    

 

  78      
 
   


    
   
  
      

        

    
   
    

      
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
  

  
 

 
    
 
  

  

 


  

       

      
 

 

 
  
  

      
  

      


     
 
  

   
   





       


 
settlled      
   


        

   
 


   
           

 


  

52

 
 

    
 
        
 

 
     
      



  



 
 
  
 


   


 

  
  

    


 
 




 
   

 
    

                 

 


  
  
       

  
  
    
      


    



   

 
      
       

   

 
  
      
   

  
     


            

 

     

 

      
  
          


 
 
53

 
 


         

     

   
 
    
 
 
 

  
  

 
 
 
  
 

 
   
    
  
 

 
 

      


 

   
  
 
  
  

 
 
 
          

 


        

 
 


 

 

 

   
 

  
 
 
   
 
 


         

       

    


   

   
   
  
     
     
 
  


    
    
  
 

 
 
         


  28 27    

54

 
 

 




 
   


   

    
   

      

    
   


    

 
   
  



                 
  
 
 


  


  

 
        
      
      
 




 

  
    
 
 
 


     


 
     





   
  

  

     
   



   

  
     


         
     


    
     
 

  
 
    


 
 
  
 

  

   


         


 
55

 
 

 

 

 
      
 

        


  

 
 
        

      
  
      

    
   
     
 
  
   
     
 
  
  
 
  

         

   


 

   

 


 

 
             


 

 
 
 
    
   
     
   
 
  
     


            


 

    72 
78 
70   
  

     
 

  
      


 

         
  
56

 
 

  
  
      



 
 

  
   
    

         
  

 
       
  
 
    

 
 

         

 
 
     

    

 
 

    


       

  
  
 

   
        
 

     


     

 




 


 


     
  

  


  
  
    


    

     
  
   
      

      

     
57

 
 

      
  
  

 
  

  
  


      
      

   


            

 
  
     

  

     

   
  


 
   



          

 
 

 


  

   
   
      
 

 
    
   


 

 
   


 


  
   

  

 

       

 


           




     


 
  
58

 
 

        
  
   
       
       

   
      
   


 


  
    
   
 
   


     
  

    


  
    


    

 
    
  

  
    
 

           

    

 
  

   

 
   

     


  
 
 
     

     
    

 
     
 
     
 
 
   
 

     
  


   

 
  
  

 
           

59

 
 

      
    
    
 
    



 
        
  

 

  
 

 

     



 
    

 

  
  
 

 

   
 



       

 
          
     
  
 
 
 
   
  
 

   

 

      
   

       70  

   



 

 
 
 
 

     


  78   
   

      78  78   
 




   
    
 
     
  
    
        
60

 
 


         


 
    



         

           

 
 
     
 
   
 
 
 

        

     
       

   

   

  
   

    

   

       

         
  

  
 

 
   
  
  


      

       
 
  
        
        
  
         
 

 
 


   
  
         
   

 
  

              

61

 
 



  

   
 

  
 

  
 

 
 
  

   

  


     
 
      
 
  

  
 
         
   
      
 
    
   
  
             
      


        
 
    


       
     
   



 
 
       
  
 
  
   
 
         
 
  

          

  

    
 
  

     

  
   
   
      

       


 
        
  
 
     
62

 
 


  
 
   
   
   
 
 
   

    
          

   

 
    

  
   

     
     
   

 

    

 
   


   

    
  

 
 
  
  
  
 

         





   

  
 
  
            
      
  




  
    
    
  
 
         

 
  


   

     


   

   
   
63

 
 

 
   

   
 

    
   


    
   
 
   



             

   

  

  
     

      
     
  


 
           

 

  
     

        

  
  

 
   
  

          

 

 

 
      
   
   
 
 

     




   
        

  
  
          

   
  
 
  

     
   
      
 

    
  
 
   
             

              


64

 
 

  

 

 

  

  
 

       
        


               



    
    


        

    

        


 
  
  

  
  

           



    



   

 


     
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
     
 
        
    

   
    

    
  
  
  
  

  
 
     

  
      
   
      

  

 
   
  
 
   

 
   

      


     
        

   
       
65

 
 


 

  


   
   
     

  
 
 



         
            

 
   
     

  

   
   
     
 

  
 
   



     

      
  


   

   

     
     
  
  
     
   
 
  
  

     

    
 
   
 

   
 

      
 
 
   
   
 

        

 


    
  
 
 

    
    

   

  
   

      
66

 
 

        
 

       

  

  
 

  

  

  

 

    
  
   

  

  
  
    
      
     
 

     
         
    
        

  

  
    
  
        
   

  
   
  


  
       

  
 
    

 

    
  
   
 
          

  
  

     
      
 
 
  
       

      
  


  

  

 
67

 
 

     
 

  

      
       


 
        

           

 

  

    

  
 
 

        
 

       
   

  
  
          
 

 
    

        250    


           
  
  

 
 
         
   


   

          

   
         
 

         

 
   

  

  
    
68

 
 

  
    



  
     
     

   

   18      

   
     



     
  

     
       
  
              

 
 

       

      

  
   
 
   
 

    
    

     

 
 
 
         


       


     


  
   
 
 
     
  
     
  

  
      


           

    
       
     
       
    

              

69

 
 

          


      
  

        


    
              
      
  
  
  
 

    

 
  


      

   
   
   
       

  
    
    
  

   

  


      

 


  

 

 
  
  
        
     
    
  
  
 

 

  
         

    

 
     
        
      
70

 
 

          



     
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
       

 
 
  
 
        
            
   
 
         
 
     
 
 
  
  
 
 
 

       

    

   
      
 
 

           
 

 

 
  
  

     

  

 


     
   

           


    
 

    
 

  
 

  
   

  
       

   


    


  
  

   
 
   

71

 
 

         
   

   
       

        
     
  

     
 
  


    

   
 
   
        
 
  
  

  
 

 
    

      

  

  
 
    

 

       

  
   
     
  


  


 
  
   
 

     

     
    
  
 
  
 
   
  
  
 

    
 
   
    

             
  
  
  
   
  
   

     

     

 

 


     

72

 
 

   
   

    
 


    
 
 

     

 
  
 

    



        

     



 
   

 

 


       
           
   




  
  
  
   
 



              

 
 
 
   
     


   


 
  

 


  


 
 
   
 

 



 
 

                


  

  

   



  
 
       
 
 

   
 
  
      
73

 
 

       
  
  
    

    


        
  


 

   

   

   
 
  

 
 
   
   



       
    
  

        



 
            

   
     
     
 

  
    
   
  

  
 
 


      
       

            

       

  
 




    

 


     

 

   

 


 
 
  


  

   
   

 

74

 
 

 
   
  

 
  
  
   

   
  



       

   

  
   
  




  
 


      

  
 


   
        

    

  
      
  


 
  
 
 


          

       

 
    



      43  
     

 

    400
 
      


         

     

     Muhammad and the jews of Madinah

      
 
     



  

    

 
 
   
    

  

  
 
  
    


75

 
 

600  
 400  
 43  
     

         
     
 


 
 

  


 
  
   
 

 

   
 
  
  


           

 
   
   
 
 
 
    

  
   
  

 

   
 
 

  

       
 
       

  
          


   
      
   
   




    


   

 
   



 
         
  
   
    
  
         
 


    

  
     
    
    


 

   
  

   
 
   
76

 
 

   
      
 
 
   

 
 
     
   
  

   
   
       



  
    
 
  
  
 
   

      

 

       

    

 
  
  

  
   
 



    
      
    
   
 
       
       
  
 




  
          


  
           



      
       

      

    
77

 
 

    
          
  

    
 
  
 
 

     
 
 
 


   

  
  
    
          
  

  
      

    


 
 

 

    
  
     
  

  
  
 

 



     
     

   

   

   

 

  

 
  

   

   
 
  
   
   
        
  
   
 

 
  
 

 

 

  

 
 

 

 
   

   



  

78

 
 

    

        

  


     
 
  
     
    



 




 
  

 

      
   
 
    


 
     
 
 
 

   
     

   
 

 

  
 
  

    
   

  
 
 

   
   
    
        
 



  
      

  

 


 

   

  
    
    

 

    

   

   
 
79

 
 


 


   
      

        

 
 
 

     

    

 
 

  

   

   
 

    
    


          

 


  
              
   
  

        

       
  

  
  

   
       

     


      

 
 
 
  
  

   

  

    


 
 
 
 

  

    
    
   

 
     
     
      

    
         
  
 


    
  

   
    
 
80

 
 

    


 
      
 
 

    
 

     

   
  
 
  
  
 
      

    

  

    

 

 
     

 
      


 

 

 


 

       


   
  
 
     
 
  

  
 
       
 

  

  


       
   
      
 
    



  
 




 
 





   


   

 
   
81

 
 

     
 
 
   
   
 

 


 

    

      
 






  
     

   
  


  
      
 
  
  
       

  


 
     



      

       
  
    

 
   
   
      
 

  

     
     

         
 
 
  
   



          

   

         

    

  
 
      
    
 
         
 
82

 
 

     
  



 
  

   

 

   
  
  
   




  
  


 

   
     


  
  
 
      

   
        
 

 
 

           

  
     
 
       
 
   
  
 


 

  


         
 

 
 

 
   
  
     

     


 
   
    


  
  
  
  
       
 


 
  

 

 
  


 
              
       
     
  

 

       
   

83

 
 

  
 
    

 
  


   
     

          

  

      
 
    
 
   
   

            

        




     
 
 

 
    
  
  

 
  
  
 
 
   
    
   
 
 

       

    
   
  
 


  


  

 

  

 












 

 


 




 
 
  


  


 
 
 





84

 
 

 
  

 


 

      


  
 
     
    

     


    


        
 
  
   
      

     

    
   
 

 
        

     



  
  

    

 

  

  


   

 
  
    



     
    
     
  

   
   


 
 
     
   


  
   
      

   

       
  
     
 
   

   


 
 


      
   



    
85

 
 

      


    
    
              
  
     
    
  

     

   
     
       
 

 
    
    

    

 
   
 

              
  
  


 

        


   

  
   


       


     
 
      
      

   

 
   
    

  
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
   

   
  

  
  

 


  
      
  
 
   
    
      


    

 
86

 
 



  



     
  
 
   
  
  
   

    
     

  
   
   
   
          


 
 
     

  
   

            

 

 
    

    
   

 

 

 
     
   
       

 



  
  
 
    

 

     
 

    
 
 
    

         
   
    
 


   

   

   
    
   
87

 
 

       
 
   

  

    

 

 

     
  
 
  


    
  


  
 

 
 


 

 
   
     
 


         

 
 
         

    


      
   

   

    
  
 
 
 
 
   

  
  
       

  

  
    
    
  
      
  

  

  
  
   
  

 
 

  
 
 

 


 
  



 





 
  


 
   
 
 




88

 
 



   
         


  
   
  
 

       
    


   
     
  
  
 

       

   
 
  
 
  
   

 
   

       

       

  

  


       

 
 
 

  



      
  
    
      


 
   


    
     
  

  
 
      
 


 
  


  
   

         




   
 
 
  



    
   


 
  
      
89

 
 


 
   
      
       
 

      


 
 



    
 
      
          




        
   
 

         
  
     
        
    
 
      


 




       
 
 


           

   
    
      
            
 
     
     
 
     
         

   
  
   
                    




 
  
       
 

  
        




 
   
 
 

      
90

 
 

   
     
  


    
   


 

 

 
   
 
    

  
   
   
  


     

 

 

  
     


   

 
   
    

    

     


  

   
    
 
  

 
   
          
 


     
  

 
 
  
 
   


 
  
        
    


       

   
   
    
   
 

    
  
 

 
  
 
 
      


  
        
   
    
 
 
91

 
 

      
  
 

  
  
   
   


  
        

   

        



 
       




 

      
 


 
         
 

   
  

       

  
 
 
  
   

         
    




 
    
 
  


  

     
    

   

          
 
   

          

     


  
  
 
       
  
 

        

  
   
    
        

 

 
 
 

    
   
   
   
92

 
 

  
   
    
     

 
     

 
 

  
 
     
    
        

   

     
  
 
 

        



    

   


    
      
 

        

  
  
   
               


 
            


    
   

    

   

  
     
    
          
        
  
    
      



     

  

     
    

       

   
93

 
 

  
   

   
  
 
  
  


    


    
 
   
  
   

    

  
 
   


  
          

    

 

         
 assessment

      

    
    
  assesment  

 
   

    
    

     
   
         
    
 

          




  
     
 
        
  
   
 
     

   
   
   
  

  
   
    
 
  
  




94

 
 
