Bµi 1: Singular and plural Noun

Muèn chuyÓn mét danh tõ sang sè nhiÒu theo nguyªn t¾c chung chØ cÇn thªm
“s”. Tuy nhiªn, cÇn l−u ý mét sè vÊn ®Ò sau:

1/Danh tõ sè Ýt tËn cïng lµ - o - vµ tr−íc - o- lµ mét phô ©m khi chuyÓn

sang sè nhiÒu th× céng thªm - es - vµ ®äc lµ /z/.

Exp: Potato Æ Potatoes

Tomato Æ Tomatoes

Chó ý:

- NÕu tr−íc “o” mµ lµ nguyªn ©m hoÆc tõ ®ã lµ tõ ®i m−în (dï tr−íc “o” lµ

nguyªn ©m hay phô ©m) ®Òu chØ céng thªm “s”

Exp: Pofolio Æ Pofolios

Photo Æ Photos

Casino Æ Casinos Tõ ®i m−în

Piano Æ Pianos

Radio Æ Radios

2/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ tËn cïng lµ y :

- NÕu tr−íc “y” lµ phô ©m : y --> ies vµ ®äc lµ /z/.

- NÕu tr−íc “y” lµ nguyªn ©m :y+s

Ex: hobby --> hobbies

lory --> lories

key --> keys

play --> plays

3/Nh÷ng danh tõ sè Ýt cã tËn cïng ®−îc phiªn ©m b»ng mét trong nh÷ng
©m /z; s; ∫; t∫; dʒ; ʒ/ khi chuyÓn + es vµ ®äc lµ /iz/.

Ex: bus --> buses

kiss --> kisses

box --> boxes

 - NÕu danh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ “e” th× chØ céng thªm “s”:

Ex: price --> prices

increase --> increases

prize --> prizes

praise --> praises

4/Nh÷ng danh tõ sè Ýt cã tËn cïng lµ f vµ fe khi chuyÓn sang sè

nhiÒu th× ®æi:

f --> ves vµ ®äc lµ /vz/

fe --> ves vµ ®äc lµ /vz/

- Nh−ng ®èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ oof; rf; ff; ief khi chuyÓn sang
sè nhiÒu: + es vµ ®äc lµ /s/.

Ex: roof --> roofes

scarf --> scarfes

cliff --> cliffes

belief --> beliefes

5/
 Bµi 2: Possessive case - Së h÷u c¸ch

I my mine

tÝnh tõ së h÷u ®¹i tõ së h÷u

së h÷u c¸ch thay cho c¶ hai

Exp: This is my book --> This book is mine

This is the teacher’s book --> This book is the teacher’s

Së h÷u c¸ch lµ mét hiÖn t−îng ng÷ ph¸p chØ së h÷u dïng thay cho c¶ tÝnh tõ
së h÷u vµ ®¹i tõ së h÷u, ¸p dông cho danh tõ vµ mét sè ®¹i tõ:

C¸c ®¹i tõ :

Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody

Someone Anyone Noone Everyone

Exp:

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.

(Cha chung kh«ng ai khãc)

I/Nh÷ng lo¹i danh tõ ®−îc ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch:

1/Nh÷ng danh tõ chung hoÆc riªng dïng ®Ó chØ ng−êi vµ ®éng vËt.

2/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ quèc hiÖu (tªn n−íc), ®Êt n−íc vµ tªn chÝnh trÞ cña c¸c
quèc gia (exp: n−íc céng hoµ x· héi chñ nghÜa ViÖt Nam.

3/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ thÕ giíi hµnh tinh.

Chó ý:

The world economy : kh«ng ®−îc ®¸nh së h÷u cach vµo “world”

The word’s people : ph¶i ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch

 World peace : kh«ng cã së h÷u c¸ch kh«ng cã “the”

4/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ thµnh phè, ®Æc khu, tØnh, ®Þa h¹t, huyÖn, quËn, x·
ph−êng, th«n b¶n, lµng xãm.....

5/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ tªn c¸c tæ chøc, c¸c nhãm.

6/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ nhµ m¸y, xÝ nghiÖp, c«ng ty, tæng c«ng ty, h·ng.

7/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ h¹m ®éi, phi ®éi, c¸c con tµu.

8/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ ®¶o, quÇn ®¶o, èc ®¶o.

9/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ s«ng suèi.

10/Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ ®¬n vÞ ®o l−êng (thêi gian, kh«ng gian, träng l−îng).

11/Danh tõ chØ nhµ riªng, nhµ thê, nhµ chïa.

12/Nh÷ng danh tõ ®Æc biÖt sau:

History Program Organisation

Democracy Plan Mind

Fredom Art

13/Nh÷ng ®¹i tõ sau:

Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody

Someone Anyone Noone Everyone

L−u ý:

Cã hai tr−êng hîp kh«ng ®−îc ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch.

- TÝnh tõ ®−îc danh tõ ho¸.

- Nh÷ng danh tõ chØ bÊt ®éng vËt kh«ng thuéc c¸c lo¹i danh tõ trong quy t¾c
ë trªn.

II/C¸ch ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch:

1/Danh tõ sè Ýt kh«ng cã (s) ë cuèi th× thªm ( s).

2/Danh tõ sè nhiÒu kh«ng cã (s) ë cuèi th× thªm ( s).

3/Danh tõ sè Ýt cã (s) ë cuèi th× thªm ( s) nh− c¸ch ®¸nh cña sè Ýt hoÆc thªm
(s’).

4/Danh tõ sè nhiÒu cã (s) ë cuèi th× chØ thªm ( ) vµo cuèi.

 5/Trong tr−êng hîp 2 hoÆc nhiÒu danh tõ chñ së h÷u cã chung ®èi t−îng bÞ
së h÷u th× dÊu së h÷u c¸ch ®−îc ®¸nh vµo danh tõ chñ së h÷u c¸ch sau cïng.

Exp: H−¬ng and Lan s teacher - ThÇy gi¸o cña c¶ H−¬ng vµ Lan

Tuy nhiªn ®Ó tr¸ch hiÓu nhÇm lµ c©u trªn chØ nãi H−¬ng vµ thÇy gi¸o cña Lan
th«i th× khi ®ã sÏ viÕt l¹i lµ:

Exp: Lan s teacher and H−¬ng - ThÇy gi¸o cña Lan vµ H−¬ng

Chó ý: c¸ch ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch sÏ tu©n thñ theo c¸ch cña danh tõ sè Ýt hoÆc sè
nhiÒu nh− t¹i c¸c phÇn trªn.

6/Tr−êng hîp 2 hoÆc nhiÒu danh tõ chñ së h÷u cã cïng chung lo¹i ®èi t−îng
nh−ng kh«ng cïng ®èi t−îng bÞ së h÷u c¸ch th× sau mçi danh tõ chñ së h÷u ta ®¸nh
së h÷u c¸ch riªng.

Exp: Lan s teacher and H−¬ng s teacher

ThÇy gi¸o cña Lan vµ thÇy gi¸o cña H−¬ng.

7/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ ghÐp mµ cã tõ gèc ®øng ®»ng tr−íc th× dï danh tõ nµy ë
sè Ýt hay sè nhiÒu dÊu së h÷u c¸ch vÉn ®¸nh vµo cuèi tõ theo c¸ch ®¸nh cña sè Ýt.

Exp: Father-in-law --> Father-in-law s

8/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ ghÐp mµ tõ gèc ®øng sau cïng th× dÊu së h÷u c¸ch
®¸nh theo c¸ch ®¸nh cña sè Ýt (nÕu danh tõ ®ã ë sè Ýt) hoÆc ®¸nh theo c¸ch ®¸nh cña
sè nhiÒu (nÕu danh tõ ®ã ë sè nhiÒu).

Exp: Stepson --> Stepson s Stepsons --> Stepsons

9/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ ghÐp mµ kh«ng cã tõ nµo lµm gèc th× c¸ch ®¸nh së
h÷u c¸ch ®¸nh nh− phÇn 8:

Exp: drop-out --> drop-out s (bá häc) drop-outs --> drop-outs

10/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ ghÐp lµ ®Þnh ng÷ th× ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch vµ tõ cuèi
nh− c¸ch ®¸nh cña sè Ýt.

11/Chó ý khi nãi trong tªn H¹nh cã 2 ch÷ “h” --> there are two h s

12/Trong tr−êng hîp mét danh tõ chñ së h÷u cã ®ång vÞ ng÷ ®i theo (më
réng nghÜa cho tõ) th× dÊu së h÷u c¸ch ®−îc ®¸nh vµo ®»ng sau ®ång vÞ ng÷:

Exp: Con g¸i cña Thñ t−íng n−íc céng hoµ x· héi chñ nghÜa VN

This is Phan Van Khai, Prime minister of the socialist republic of

Vietnam s daughter.

13/Sau c¸c ®¹i tõ d−íi ®©y th× lu«n ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch theo c¸ch ®¸nh cña sè Ýt:
Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody

Someone Anyone Noone Everyone

Chó ý: nÕu sau c¸c ®¹i tõ cã “else” th× ®¸nh së h÷u c¸c sau “else” vµ ®äc lµ (sÝt).

III/C¸ch ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch:

1/Sau /k; p; t; f; θ/ ®äc lµ /s/ chó ý: th = θ

2/Sau /z; s; ∫; t∫; dʒ; ʒ/ ®äc lµ /iz/ chó ý: sh = ∫; ch = t∫; j = dʒ;

 Bµi 3: HÖ thèng ®éng tõ

I/§éng tõ to be:

Noun (job, name, place)

To be Adj (clour, size, quality)
(Is, am Preposition (from, in, on…)
Was Ving (continuous tense)
Were) PII (bÞ ®éng)
Number (age, quantity)

II/Modal verb hay defective verb

Bao gåm c¸c ®éng tõ sau:

Can May Will Ought

Could Might Would Must

Ph©n biÖt møc ®é cña can, could vµ may, might

- Can, could chØ kh¶ n¨ng chñ quan cña ng−êi nãi

- May, might chØ dù ®o¸n cña ng−êi nãi, vµ máng manh h¬n.

C¸c ®éng tõ khiÕm khuyÕt lu«n cã c¸c ®éng tõ th−êng theo sau.

III/§éng tõ th−êng:

1/Transitive verb (ngo¹i ®éng tõ):

- Ngo¹i ®éng tõ lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®ßi hái ph¶i cã t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp ®i kÌm vµ
phÇn lín lµ cã bÞ ®éng (kh«ng ph¶i tÊt c¶ ®Òu cã bÞ ®éng):

Exp: I love you Æ You are loved by me

I have much money Æ Kh«ng cã bÞ ®éng

To have, to lack vµ to get Æ Kh«ng cã bÞ ®éng

- Mét sè ®éng tõ cã lóc cã bÞ ®éng vµ cã lóc kh«ng cã bÞ ®éng:

Exp: I received this letter yesterday Æ this letter was received by me

She receives much attention from many boys Æ Kh«ng cã bÞ ®éng.

(v× b¶n th©n chñ ng÷ ®· bÞ ®éng)
 2/Intransitive verbs (Néi ®éng tõ - vi)

- Néi ®éng tõ lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ kh«ng ®ßi hái ph¶i cã t©n ng÷ ®i kÌm. NhiÒu
néi ®éng tõ cã bÞ ®éng chø kh«ng ph¶i lµ tÊt c¶ vµ trong tr−êng hîp cã bÞ ®éng th×
giíi tõ vÉn ph¶i ®Ó nguyªn.

It was calm and not a leaf moved - Trêi lÆng giã, kh«ng mét chiÕc lµ lay ®éng

IV/Linking verb (®éng tõ nèi, hÖ tõ - L, La, Ln, Vc):

*/Lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®Ó nèi quan hÖ gi÷a chñ ng÷ vµ vÞ ng÷:

To seem To die To approve

To appear To remain To become To

receive

Chó ý: khi dïng To die

a hero Anh ta chÕt khi cßn lµ mét anh hïng
He died a begger H¾n chÕt khi lµ mét kÎ ¨n mµy
a teacher Anh ta chÕt khi cßn lµ mét gi¸o viªn

Ký hiÖu:

Ln = Linking verb + noun Æ She remains my darling

La = Linking verb + adj Æ She remains young

 Bµi 4: Position of the adjective

1/ TÝnh tõ ®øng tr−íc danh tõ: Adjective + noun

Slim
She is a Young Girl
Attractive

2/ TÝnh tõ ®øng sau linking verb :

• Ln: to remain, to become, to be, to prove, to seem(to be), to die.

Ex: She seems (to be) a beautiful girl.

He died a poor beggan.

Note: Sau prove, seem, die chØ lµ ng−êi hoÆc nghÒ nghiÖp, kh«ng chØ vËt. khi
chØ vËt mang nghÜa kh¸c.

• La:

1/To remain: vÉn cßn To remain single = ch−a lËp gia ®×nh

2/To become: trë nªn

3/To get: nhËn ®−îc, cã ®−îc To get (st) by heart = Häc thuéc lßng

4/To go: trë nªn, trë thµnh = To be

Easy DÔ tÝnh, dÔ d·i, dÔ bµn

To go Free Kh«ng ph¹m téi
Crazy about (some yªu ai tha thiÕt
body)
Flat HÕt h¬i, hÕt pin

5/To run: trë nªn, trë thµnh

Dry Kh«, c¹n

To run Deep Ch¶y s©u
Short ThiÕu

6/To come: trë nªn, trë thµnh

 Live t−êng thuËt, truyÒn h×nh t¹i chç
To come True trë thµnh hiÖn thùc
Easy/hard dÔ dµng, khã kh¨n
7/To turn: trë nªn, trë thµnh

Pale/white t¸i nhît, xanh x¸m

To turn True trë thµnh hiÖn thùc
Sour Chua

Aluminous fields and salt water: ®ång chua n−íc mÆn

8/To sound: cã vÎ

To sound Nice/interesting cã vÎ hay, thó vÞ

9/To seem = To appear

10/To look: tr«ng cã vÎ nh−

To look Happy H¹nh phóc
Tired MÖt mái
……
11/To smell: cã mïi (vÞ - ngöi)

The flower smell Sweet

Very expensive
12/To state: cã vÞ chua, cay, mÆn, nh¹t.….
13/To feel: c¶m thÊy
14/To stand:

Firm ®øng v÷ng (nghÜa bãng)

To stand Firmly ®øng v÷ng (nghÜa ®en)
Ready s½n sµng = To be ready
Silent ®øng im lÆng (kh«ng nãi)
Silently ®øng yªn (b×nh th−êng)

Silence implies consent = im lÆng lµ ®ång ý

15/To stay: vÉn cßn

Alive Cßn sèng

To stay Awake ®øng v÷ng (nghÜa ®en)
Healthy Cßn m¹nh mÏ
Single Kh«ng cßn chång (bá, chÕt)
Single forever ë vËy suèt ®êi
Informed about (st) BiÕt vÒ c¸i g×
16/To live:
To live Free Sèng tù do
equal Sèng b×nh ®¼ng
17/To die: chÕt
Hurry chÕt trong lóc ®ang ®ãi
To die Young chÕt trong lóc ®ang cßn trÎ
Happy chÕt trong lóc sung s−íng
18/To prove: chøng minh, tá ra
To prove Clever tá ra th«ng minh
Effective tá ra cã hiÖu qu¶
19/To hold:
To hold Tight kÝn h¬i, kÝn giã
kh«ng bÞ nhá giät
20/To see :
To see red = næi giËn ®ïng ®ïng
21/To keep :
22/To fall : bÞ
To fall Sick bÞ èm
Flat ng· sâng xoµi
23/To make: To make clear = Nãi râ
24/To break: To break even = Hoµ vèn
25/To shout:
26/To declare:
27/To report : t−êng tr×nh, th«ng b¸o
28/To bury : ch«n
29/To pull : kÐo
30/To push : ®Èy
 31/To allowed : cho phÐp
Bµi tËp:
1/ When alive, President Ho Chi Minh
said:
“The South is the blood of Vietnam’s
blood, the flesh of Vietnam’s flesh, river
may run dry, mountain may wear out,
but the truth never changes.
2/ I always wish our love like a stream
never running dry, a honeymoon never
ending.
3/ The woman staying awake all last
night is no one else but my older sister
who had been anxiously longing for her
husband for many years to come back
from the front without seeing any sign
of his return.
4/ The measures were taken by The
State Bank of Vietnam during the past
time in order to control foreign
exchange rates prove very effective
although the exchange rates in the free
market are being floated.
To allowed free
1/ Thña sinh thêi Chñ tÞch Hå ChÝ
Minh tõng nãi:
“Nam Bé lµ m¸u cña m¸u ViÖt Nam, lµ
thÞt cña thÞt ViÖt Nam. S«ng cã thÓ c¹n,
nói cã thÓ mßn xong ch©n lý ®ã kh«ng
giê thay ®æi”.
2/ Anh lu«n mong muèn r»ng t×nh yªu
cña chóng ta nh− dßng suèi kh«ng bao
giê c¹n, nh− tuÇn tr¨ng mËt kh«ng cã
tËn cïng.
3/ Ng−êi phô n÷ thao thøc suèt ®ªm
qua kh«ng ph¶i lµ ai kh¸c mµ chÝnh lµ
chÞ g¸i t«i, ng−êi ®· kh¾c kho¶i chê
chång tõ m¨t trËn trë vÒ nh−ng bÊy l©u
nay vÉn bÆt v« ©m tÝn.
4/ C¸c biÖn ph¸p Ng©n hµng Nhµ n−íc
ViÖt Nam ®−a ra trong suèt thêi gian
qua ®Ó kiÓm tû gi¸ hèi ®o¸i tá ra cã
hiÖu qu¶ mÆc dï tû gi¸ ngo¹i hèi trªn
thÞ tr−êng tù do vÉn ®−îc th¶ næi.
 3/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®øng ë ®Çu c©u víi t− c¸ch lµ 1 thµnh tè ®éc lËp hoÆc ®i
víi mét ®o¶n ng÷ víi t− c¸ch lµ mét tr¹ng ng÷ chØ lý do hoÆc thêi gian.

Ex: Most of important, I do love you

Bµi tËp:
5/Loyal to the Party,
Dedicated to the people,
Our army is ready to fulfill any task
Overcome any difficulty,
Defeat every enemy,
6/ Well awake of the responsibility of
the humanitarian blood donation
programs (campaign), lots of student are
willing to donate their blood to the
people who need it. Their noble acts can
not be valuated in money.
7/ Consciously and deeply aware of the
importance of the family planning
program, couples who are in child-
bearing have decided to have only two
children to partly contribute to the
success of this program.
5/Trung víi §¶ng
HiÕu víi d©n
NhiÖm vô nµo còng hoµn thµnh
Khã kh¨n nµo còng v−ît qua
KÎ thï nµo còng ®¸nh th¾ng
6/ ý thøc ®−îc tr¸ch nhiÖm cña m×nh
®èi víi ch−¬ng tr×nh hiÕn m¸u nh©n
®¹o, nhiÒu sinh viªn, häc sinh s½n sµng
hiÕn m¸u cña m×nh cho nh÷ng ng−êi
cÇn m¸u. Cö chØ cao ®Ñp cña hä lµ
kh«ng thÓ tÝnh ®−îc b»ng tiÒn.
7/ Tù gi¸c vµ nhËn thøc ®−îc tÇm quan
träng cña ch−¬ng tr×nh kÕ ho¹ch ho¸
gia ®×nh, nhiÒu cÆp vî chång trong ®é
tuæi sinh ®Î ®· quyÕt ®Þnh chØ cã hai
con ®Ó gãp phÇn vµo thµnh c«ng cña
ch−¬ng tr×nh.

4/ TÝnh tõ cßn n»m trong mÉu:

Make Somebody Adjective
Something

- Víi t− c¸ch lµ mét phÇn cña t©n ng÷ phøc (lµ t©n ng÷ mµ c¸c thµnh phÇn
trong ®ã cã quan hÖ víi nhau theo kiÓu chñ vÞ hoÆc chñ vÞ t©n):

Chó ý: T©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp chÞu t¸c ®éng trùc tiÕp cña hµnh ®éng cßn t©n ng÷
gi¸n tiÕp chÞu t¸c ®éng h−íng tíi cña hµnh ®éng:

Exp: I give book to you

I give you a book

Nh− vËy: danh tõ “book” lu«n lµ t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp.,

*/Nh÷ng ®éng tõ sau ®©y ®−îc dïng thay cho to make

1/To get : Don’t get your clother dirty.
2/To hold : ¤m

To hold (sb) responsible for (st) = b¾t ai chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ c¸i g×

3/To see : Nh×n

4/To find :

5/To feel :

6/To prove : Chøng minh To prove (st) to (sb)

7/To put : To put (st) right = lÊy ®ång hå

8/To bury : Who was buried alive.

9/To bake : N−íng.

10/To pack : Gãi buéc.

11/To drive : §Èy ai vµo t×nh tr¹ng nh− thÕ nµo

12/To push, to pull : §Èy, kÐo.

13/To paint : S¬n

14/To dye : Nhuém

15/To declare : Tuyªn bè

- I declare these programs open/closed (open/closed = adj)

16/To report : Tuyªn bè.

17/To leave : Don’t leave me for a long time.

18/To keep :

19/To like :

20/To think :

21/To set : To set (sb) free = Th¶, phãng thÝch ai

22/To consider :

23/To imagine :

24/To believe :

25/To deem : Coi nh−.

26/To take : Coi nh−.

 27/To call :
28/To dig : §µo.
29/To prefer :
30/To have :
31/To confess : Thõa nhËn.
32/To shoot :
33/To have : §Ó.
Bµi tËp:
8/Since the open-door policy was
implemented all enterprises and individuals
have been allowed free to do business and
rich legitimately provided (that) they pay
full taxes to the government.
9/While our standard living is
increasingly improving more than half
million children are left uncared-for and
homeless. They may become potential
explosives for social unrest unstable unless
the government and society provide timely
and due care and education for them.
10/People were buried alive in
Cambodia are forceful evidence of
genocidal crimes committed by Ponpot
which can not be forgiven by both god and
heaven.
11/In a statement former, President
Clinton said: “We must keep our old
democracy forever young. It is also one of
the causes that the United State wants to
spread American style to the other nation.
12/We are students thirsty for both
love and knowledge. Our teacher advises
us to do them at the same time in order to
avoid becoming hemiplegics.
Have free: ®Ó cho ai r¶nh tay.
8/Tõ khi chÝnh s¸ch më cöa
®−îc thùc hiÖn tÊt c¶ c¸c doanh nghiÖp
vµ c¸ nh©n ®Òu ®−îc tù do lµm ¨n vµ
lµm giµu ch©n chÝnh miÔn sao hä ph¶i
nép ®ñ thuÕ cho Nhµ n−íc.
9/Trong khi ®êi sèng cña nh©n
d©n ta kh«ng ngõng ®−îc c¶i thiÖn th×
vÉn cã h¬n nöa triÖu trÎ em bÞ bá b¬
v¬ kh«ng n¬i n−¬ng tùa. Chóng cã thÓ
trë thµnh nh÷ng khèi thuèc næ tiÒm
tµng cho nh÷ng bÊt æn cña x· héi nÕu
chóng kh«ng nhËn ®−îc sù quan t©m,
gi¸o dôc ®óng møc, kÞp thêi cña Nhµ
n−íc vµ x· héi.
10/Nh÷ng ng−êi bÞ ch«ng sèng
ë Campuchia lµ b»ng chøng hïng hån
vÒ téi diÖt chñng trêi kh«ng dung ®Êt
kh«ng tha cña bän P«npèt.
11/T¹i bµi ph¸t biÓu cña m×nh
Tæng thèng Clinton nãi “chóng ta ph¶i
gi÷ cho nÒn d©n chñ cña m×nh m·i m·i
t−¬i trΔ. §ã còng lµ mét trong nh÷ng
nguyªn nh©n Mü muèn ph¸t triÓn d©n
chñ kiÓu Mü sang c¸c n−íc kh¸c trªn
thÕ giíi.
12/Chóng t«i lµ nh÷ng sinh viªn
võa khao kh¸t kiÕn thøc võa khao kh¸t
t×nh yªu. ThÇy gi¸o chóng t«i khuyªn
chóng t«i lµm c¶ hai viÖc mét lóc ®Ó
tr¸nh trë thµnh nh÷ng ng−êi b¸n th©n
bÊt to¹i.
 13/Vietnam is a country rich in
natural resources and abundant in man
power but over the past decades it’s
economy has been un developed. As a
result, Vietnam remains one of the poorest
countries in the world.
14/They are women good at state
affairs and responsible for housework.
They deserve good position in society.
13/ViÖt Nam lµ mét n−íc giµu
vÒ tµi nguyªn thiªn nhiªn vµ dåi dµo
vÒ nguån nh©n lùc. Êy thÕ mµ nÒn
kinh tÕ cña ViÖt Nam mÊy chôc n¨m
qua vÉn kh«ng ph¸t triÓn tèt lªn ®−îc
vµ kÕt qu¶ lµ ViÖt Nam vÉn lµ mét
n−íc trong nh÷ng n−íc nghÌo nhÊt thÕ
giíi.
14/Hä lµ nh÷ng phô n÷ rÊt giái
viÖc n−íc vµ ®¶m viÖc nhµ. Hä xøng ®¸ng
lµ nh÷ng ng−êi cã ®−îc nh÷ng vÞ trÝ nhÊt
®Þnh trong x· héi.

5/ TÝnh tõ ®−îc ®øng ë ®Çu c©u ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh bÊt kÓ nã ë d¹ng b×nh
th−êng hay ë d¹ng so s¸nh trong c©u cã ®¶o ng÷ b»ng c¸ch ®¶o ®éng tõ to
be lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷ (quy t¾c nµy kh«ng ¸p dông khi chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n
x−ng).

Exp: My life is the poorest Æ The poorest is my life

Bµi tËp:

15/The most committed 15/TËn tuy nhÊt víi ®êi t«i kh«ng
(dedicate) to my life is nobody else ph¶i lµ ai kh¸c mµ chÝnh lµ ng−êi mÑ hiÒn
but my beloved mother who devotes kÝnh yªu cña t«i, ng−êi ®· hiÕn trän tuæi
full youth to the dear only child. thanh xu©n cña m×nh cho ®øa con yªu duy
nhÊt cña mÑ.
16/The most important to the 16/Quan träng h¬n c¶ víi chóng t«i
United State now is to learn English lóc nµy lµ häc tiÕng anh chø kh«ng ph¶i lao
well but not plunge into love-affairs vµo chuyÖn yªu ®−¬ng bëi chóng t«i hiÓu
because we understand that our good r»ng cã tiÕng anh tèt còng cã nghÜa lµ chóng
English also means to equip ourselves t«i tù trang bÞ cho m×nh giÊy th«ng hµnh vµo
with passport to step into the labour thÞ tr−êng lao ®éng.
market.
17/The most serious for him 17/Nghiªm träng nhÊt víi «ng ta lóc
now are the rumors from outsiders nµy kh«ng ph¶i lµ lêi ®ån ®¹i cña ng−êi
but the better criticisms of workers in ngoµi vµ lµ nh÷ng lêi chØ trÝch gay g¾t cña
his company because who will c¸n bé c«ng nh©n viªn trong nhµ m¸y bëi
detemind his position of power. chÝnh hä lµ nh÷ng ng−êi quyÕt ®Þnh chiÕc
ghÕ l·nh ®¹o cña «ng.
18/No less important than 18/Quan träng kh«ng kÐm nh÷ng
economic changes are political thay ®æi vÒ kinh tÕ lµ nh÷ng thay ®æi vÒ
changes so they after all complement chÝnh trÝ, bëi v× suy cho cïng chóng lu«n
and depend on each other. bæ sung cho nhau vµ phô thuéc lÉn nhau.
 6/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®−îc ®øng ®Çu c©u tr−íc liªn tõ as - mÆc dï nÕu chñ
ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò ®ã lµ ®¹i tõ th× ®éng tõ to be trong c©u ®Æt xu«i. NÕu chñ
ng÷ lµ danh tõ th× xuÊt hiÖn ®¶o ng÷ b»ng c¸ch ®−a to be lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷.

Exp: Tired as I am, I try to teach you now

Tired as is the teacher, he tries to teach us

Bµi tËp:
19/Considerable as are
achievements but it is not enough
strong to create a great leap forward
during process of our nation
development.
20/Powerfull as is America but it
can not lay down the law in the present
age because almost all countries have
recognized it’s true colour.
21/Difficult as is the negotiation
process in order to join WTO, we must
persist because joining WTO will do
our country more good than harm. And
this comparative advantage will
encourage our national development.
19/MÆc dï nh÷ng thµnh tùu chóng
ta ®¹t ®−îc lµ rÊt to lín nh−ng còng ch−a
®ñ ®Ó t¹o ra b−íc nh¶y vät trong qu¸
tr×nh ph¸t triÓn cña n−íc ta.
20/MÆc dï Mü m¹nh nh−ng Mü
kh«ng thÓ lµm m−a, lµm giã trong thêi
®¹i ngµy nay bëi v× hÇu hÕt c¸c n−íc ®·
nhËn ra bé mÆt thËt cña Mü.
21/Dï qu¸ tr×nh ®µm ph¸n ®Ó ra
nhËp WTO rÊt khã kh¨n, chóng ta vÉn
ph¶i kiªn tr× bëi v× khi ViÖt Nam ra nhËp
WTO chóng ta sÏ ®−îc h−ëng lîi nhiÒu
h¬n h¹i vµ chÝnh lîi thÕ so s¸nh t−¬ng
®èi nµy sÏ kÝch thÝch sù ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ
cña n−íc ta.

Great as are the achievements made by
us over the past year. They are not
enough to pave the way for us to go to
ahead. So in the coming years (years to
come) we must make still greater
efforts.
Fragile as are the hopes of the
international communist, the Mideast
peace process must be continued by the
efforts of all sides. Only in such a way
can we hope it will go on the right track

Modest as is the progress we have
made in learning English for the past
more than a month. It is a great source
of encouragement and inspiration for
us to make further strides in the
coming time.
Busy and hard as are these days, the
players of Vietnam National team are
making every necessary preparation for
the historic confrontations in the Tiger
Cup, Thailand, especially against
Malaysia tomorrow, Sunday.

7/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®øng sau c¸c ®¬n vÞ ®o l−êng (thêi gian, kh«ng gian,
träng l−îng, ®é dµy máng, nhanh chËm).

C¸c danh tõ chØ ®¬n vÞ ®o l−êng hay dïng:

+ Old + High( dïng cho vËt).

 + Wide + Tall( chØ ng−êi vµ vËt).

+ Long + Deep( c¶ nghÜa ®en lÉn nghÜa bãng).

+ Thick + Thin.

Exp: My watch is 3 minutes slow

Bµi tËp:
22/ My room is 4 metres high, 3
metres wide and 5 metres long is
enough to become a place where you
can find your never ending source of
happiness in your life.
23/ Someone say that Ocean is
10s of kilometres deep. But no matter
how deep it may be can not compare
with our love devoted to each other.
24/ It said that Red River is more
than 1000s of kilometres long. I don’t
know that is a major supplier of in
exhaustible alluvia and is one of the
most important waterways in North
Vietnam.
The one pillar pagoda is more than 900
years old. It is one of the most typical
symbols of Hanoi. If you visit HN
without seeing it, your trip will be only
half successful.
22/ C¨n phßng cña anh cao 4 m, réng 3 m
vµ dµi 5 m. ChØ tõng ®Êy th«i còng ®ñ ®Ó
trë thµnh mét n¬i mµ em cã thÓ t×m thÊy
nguån h¹nh phóc bÊt tËn cña ®êi m×nh.
23/ Cã ng−êi nãi ®¹i d−¬ng s©u hµng
chôc km. Nh−ng dï s©u bao nhiªu nã
còng kh«ng thÓ so s¸nh ®−îc víi t×nh yªu
chóng ta dµnh cho nhau.
24/ Cã ng−êi nãi s«ng Hång dµi h¬n
1.000 km. T«i ch¼ng biÕt c©u nãi ®ã ®óng
®Õn møc nµo, mµ chØ biÕt r»ng ®ã lµ n¬i
cung cÊp nguån phï sa v« tËn cho c¸c
tØnh §ång b»ng B¾c Bé vµ lµ mét trong
nh÷ng thuû lé quan träng nhÊt cña c¸c
tØnh miÒn B¾c n−íc ta.

8/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®øng sau nh÷ng tõ sau ®©y:

Someone Noone Anyone Everyone

Somebody Nobody Anybody Everybody

Something Nothing Anything Everything

Somewhere Nowhere Anywhere Everywhere

Bµi tËp:
25/ There is nowhere happier than this
place: all that glitters is not gold.
26/ There is nothing interested,
important and persuasive in a long story
25/ Kh«ng cã n¬i nµo h¹nh phóc h¬n n¬i
nµy ®©u em “chí cã thÊy ®á mµ t−ëng
chÝn”.
26/ Kh«ng cã c¸i g× thó vÞ, quan träng vµ
thuyÕt phôc trong c©u chuyÖn dµi mµ anh
that he told to me last night because the
more he talked the more tired I was of
him.
27/ We did not find anybody strange at
the meeting yesterday afternoon but the
ideas presented there by the participants
were very new and I considered this as
the success of the workshop.
28/ In my eyes there is no one more
beautiful than you but until now I am
proud to say that you are becoming more
and more beautiful in my eyes.
Êy nãi víi t«i tèi h«m qua bëi anh ta
cµng nãi dµi bao nhiªu th× t«i cµng ng¸n
bÊy nhiªu.
27/ Chóng t«i kh«ng thÊy ai l¹i t¹i cuéc
häp chóng t«i dù chiÒu qua nh−ng nh÷ng
ý t−ëng mµ c¸c ®¹i biÓu tr×nh bµy th× rÊt
míi vµ chóng t«i cho r»ng ®ã chÝnh lµ
thµnh c«ng cña héi nghÞ.
28/ Trong m¾t anh th× kh«ng cã ai ®Ñp
h¬n em vµ cho ®Õn giê phót nµy anh cã
thÓ tù hµo r»ng em cø ®Ñp dÇn lªn trong
m¾t anh.

9/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®øng sau t©n ng÷ gi¶ it trong mÉu sau:

Make it + adjective ( + for sb) + to do st

(t©n ng÷ gi¶) (kh«ng nhÊt thiÕt)

It : kh«ng cã nghÜa, chØ lµ t©n ng÷ gi¶.

Ex: He call on the Federal Reserver Bank to make it easier for businesses
to borrow money.

- Nh÷ng danh tõ sau ®−îc dïng thay “to make”

1/find 4/believe 7/consider

2/feel 5/imagine 8/take

3/think 6/deem 9/see( Ýt dïng)

Bµi tËp:

29/ Vietnamese Communist Party always
think it necessary to revise guideline and
policy to each period of revolution. It
explains why Vietnamese Communist
Party has succeeded in leading our nation
from one success to another.
30/ I feel it really happy to be with him
even in only a minute because he is
always the mainstay of my life in these
days.
31/ We find it really important to learn
English and to improve our professional
29/ §¶ng ta lu«n lu«n cho r»ng viÖc
thay ®æi ®−êng lèi vµ chÝnh s¸ch cho
phï hîp víi tõng giai ®o¹n cña c¸ch
m¹ng lµ cùc kú cÇn thiÕt. §iÒu ®ã lý
gi¶i v× sao §¶ng ta ®· thµnh c«ng trong
viÖc l·nh ®¹o nh©n d©n ta ®i tõ th¾ng lîi
nµy ®Õn th¾ng lîi kh¸c.
30/ T«i c¶m thÊy thËt h¹nh phóc khi
®−îc ë bªn anh Êy dï chØ lµ mét phót.
Bëi v×, anh Êy lu«n lu«n lµ chç dùa cña
®êi t«i trong nh÷ng ngµy nµy.
31/ Chóng t«i nhËn thÊy häc tiÕng anh
vµ n©ng cao tr×nh ®é chuyªn m«n vµo
skills because doing that means helping lóc nµy cã tÇm quan träng sèng cßn.
us to survive in a fast changing society. Bëi v×, lµm nh− vËy ®ång nghÜa lµ gióp
chóng t«i tån t¹i trong mét x· héi ®ang
thay ®æi nhanh.
32/ We deem it meaningful to launch a 32/ Chóng t«i coi viÖc ph¸t ®éng cuéc
struggle against negative phenomena in ®Êu tr¸nh chèng tiªu cùc trong thÓ thao
sport especially in football because it has ®Æc biÖt lµ trong bãng ®¸ lµ rÊt cã ý
eroded footballer’s ethics and make fans nghÜa. Bëi v×, tõ l©u nh÷ng ho¹t ®éng
lose faith in Vietnamese football for long. tiªu cùc trong bãng ®¸ ®· lµm xãi mßn
®¹o ®øc cña nhiÒu cÇu thñ vµ lµm mÊt
lßng tin cña ng−êi h©m mé.

10/ TÝnh tõ cßn ®øng sau c¸c liªn tõ nh−: if; thought; although; albeit;
as; when; where; while; but; and...

33/ Although small in body and mind 33/ MÆc dï cßn nhá c¶ vÒ thÓ x¸c vµ
(soul) but a lot of Vietnamese teenagers t©m hån nh−ng nh÷ng thiÕu niªn ViÖt
have set the Thames on fire. The exploits Nam ®· lµm ®−îc nh÷ng viÖc kinh
achieved by them have been and will be thiªn ®éng ®Þa. Nh÷ng kú tÝch mµ hä
always brilliant golden pages in our lËp ®−îc lu«n lu«n ®−îc nh©n d©n nhí
history. ®Õn nh− lµ nh÷ng trang sö vµng chãi
läi.
34/ The Resolution adopted by the ninth 34/ NghÞ quyÕt cña §¹i héi §¶ng lÇn
Party Congress affirms that: our economy thø 9 kh¼ng ®Þnh: nÒn kinh tÕ cña
is a market based Socialist-oriented chóng ta lµ nÒn kinh tÕ thÞ tr−êng theo
economy but the government has the ®Þnh h−íng x· héi chñ nghÜa vµ cã sù
right and resposibility to intervene when ®iÒu tiÕt cña Nhµ n−íc nh−ng ChÝnh
necessary. phñ cã quyÒn vµ tr¸ch nhiÖm can thiÖp
khi cÇn thiÕt.
35/ When appropriate our people have 35/ ë nh÷ng n¬i thÝch hîp nh©n d©n
been left free to change plant and animal hoµn toµn cã thÓ chuyÓn ®æi c¬ cÊu c©y
structure suitable to the practical trång vµ vËt nu«i tuú theo ®iÒu kiÖn cô
conditions of each area. It is necessary to thÓ cña tõng ®i¹ ph−¬ng. CÇn ph¶i lo¹i
discard the old stereotyping work style bá cung c¸ch lµm ¨n m¸y mãc hoµn
completely based on centralize planning. toµn dùa vµo sù chØ ®¹o cña cÊp trªn.
36/ When alive, my father taught me: 36/ Thña sinh thêi bè t«i th−êng d¹y t«i
’
“What will be will be. Don t expect r»ng “C¸i g× ®Õn nã kh¸c ®Õn ®õng bao
anything beyond your reach (power) ”. giê mong c¸i g× qu¸ tÇm víi cña m×nh”.
37/ Nowadays, urban managers are at a 37/ HiÖn nay, c¸c nhµ qu¶n lý ®« thÞ rÊt
loss what to do to deal with many lóng tóng trong viÖc gi¶i quyÕt khã
difficulties cause by unregistered kh¨n do t×nh tr¹ng di d©n tù do g©y ra
migration because every year up to tens bëi v× hµng n¨m cã hµng v¹n d©n ®æ
of thousands of farmers flock into urban dån vÒ c¸c trung t©m ®« thÞ ®Ó kiÕm
centres to look for jobs when free from viÖc lóc n«ng nhµn.
farm work .
 11/ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ mµ cã tiÒn tè a th× ph¶i ®Æt sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa:

Chó ý: TÝnh tõ cã tiÒn tè “a” lµ nh÷ng tÝnh tõ ®−îc h×nh thµnh do “a” + ®éng
tõ hoÆc “a” + danh tõ chø kh«ng ph¶i lµ nh÷ng danh tõ mµ b¶n th©n ®· b¾t ®Çu b»ng
“a”:

Exp: TÝnh tõ cã tiÒn tè “a” nh−: alive awake asleep

Aflame=afire ablaze afloat

abroach abloom

Ex: I see the teach asleep in the class.

TÝnh tõ b¶n th©n ®· cã “a”:affluent

38/ Her life adrift is no different from that

38/ Cuéc ®êi tr«i næi cña chÞ Êy còng
of “ the girl on Huong river ” by To Huu. Itch¼ng kh¸c nµo “c« g¸i trªn dßng
can be asserted that the seamy side of the s«ng H−¬ng” cña Tè H÷u. Cã thÓ
market mechanism is drawing tens of kh¼ng ®Þnh mÆt tr¸i cña c¬ chÕ thÞ
thousands of umemployed women into the tr−êng ®· ®Èy hµng triÖu phô n÷ thÊt
votex of social evils. nghiÖp vµo c¬n b·o tÖ n¹n x· héi.
39/ Hidden behind her eyes ablaze with 39/ §»ng sau ®«i m¾t lóc nµo còng
happiness is innermost sorrow that she has ngêi lªn niÒm h¹nh phóc cña chÞ Êy lµ
never revealed to anyone. How admirable nçi buån s©u th¼m cña câi lßng mµ chÞ
her endurance is. Êy kh«ng tiÕt lé cho ai biÕt. Sù chÞu
®ùng cña chÞ Êy thËt ®¸ng kÝnh phôc
biÕt nh−êng nµo.
40/ Nowadays, people in many localities in 40/ HiÖn nay, nh©n d©n ta ë nhiÒu ®Þa
our country are using draft afloat on river ph−¬ng trªn c¶ n−íc ®ang sö dông bÌ
for growing stream and fishes partly næi trªn c¸c s«ng hå ®Ó nu«i t«m c¸,
improve their living standard, partly to phÇn ®Ó c¶i thiÖn chÊt l−îng b÷a ¨n,
increase a very incomes more over many phÇn ®Ó t¨ng thu nhËp. H¬n n÷a nhiÒu
families have become rich because of gia ®×nh ®· trë thµnh giµu cã nhê t«m
them. c¸.

12/(Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ sau ®©y cã thÓ ®Æt ®»ng tr−íc hoÆc sau danh tõ nã bæ
nghÜa:

Possible Available Related

Impossible Concern

Enough Interested
 Bµi tËp:
41/ We need to exploit all of the country’s
potential resources available and
concurrently mobilize external resources to
a maximum to make VN a powerful and
prosperous country with a just, democratic
and civilized society.
42/ We have try our best to learn English to
get the best result in the shortest time
possible
43/ Officials of the Ministry of resources
and the environment, the ministry of
science and technology, and government’s
office and relevant Agancies are present at
the inter-ministerial conference on
Environment Management in order to
analyze and assess Vietnam’s practical
environmental situation and concurrently
seek possible resolution to existing
environmental pollution
41/ Chóng ta cÇn ph¶i khai th¸c mäi
tiÒm n¨ng s½n cã cña ®©t n−íc ®ång
thêi ph¸t huy tèi ®a ngo¹i lùc ®Ó x©y
dung ViÖt Nam thµnh n−íc m¹nh, d©n
giµu, x· héi c«ng b»ng d©n chñ vµ v¨n
minh.
42/ Chóng t«i ®ang cè g¾ng hÕt søc
m×nh ®Ó häc tiÕng Anh víi kÕt qu¶ tèt
nhÊt trong thêi gian ng¾n nhÊt cã thÓ
®−îc.
43/ Tíi dù héi nghÞ qu¶n lý vÒ m«i
tr−êng cã c¸c quan chøc cña Bé Tµi
nguyªn vµ m«i tr−êng, Bé Khoa häc vµ
c«ng nghÖ, V¨n phßng ChÝnh phñ vµ
c¸c c¬ quan h÷u quan ®Ó ph©n tÝch,
®¸nh gi¸ thùc tr¹ng m«i tr−êng ViÖt
Nam. §ång thêi, t×m kiÕm nh÷ng gi¶i
ph¸p kh¶ dÜ cho vÊn ®Ò « nhiÔm m«i
tr−êng hiÖn nay.

13/ Nh÷ng tr¹ng ng÷ so/as/too khi bæ nghÜa cho mét tÝnh tõ ®Ó råi chóng cïng
bæ nghÜa cho mét danh tõ ®Õm ®−îc ë sè Ýt th× chóng ph¶i ®−îc ®Æt tr−íc danh
tõ ®ã vµ ®−îc c¸ch víi danh tõ ®ã b»ng a , kh«ng ®−îc dïng the .

Trong tr−êng hîp So vµ As trong cÊu tróc so s¸nh b»ng; so that; too (sb) to
do sth th× chóng cã thÓ ®−îc ®Æt ®»ng sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa.

Hang is a girl as beautiful as Giang.

Hang is a girl too beautiful for me to love.

Hang is a girl so beautiful that I love her at first sight.

Bµi tËp:

44/ Their friendship had played so large a
part in the long years they had lived and
worked together. But now, no longer was
their friendship because Rooservelt had
gone to the resting place.
45/ The non-state economic sector plays
so important a role that the government
must accept its existence as an
44/ Mèi quan hÖ cña hä ®ãng mét vai
trß cùc kú quan träng trong nh÷ng n¨m
dµi hä sèng vµ lµm viÖc bªn nhau. §Õn
lóc nµy, nh÷ng mèi quan hÖ Êy kh«ng
cßn n÷a v× Rooservelt ®· vÒ n¬i an nghØ
cuèi cïng.
45/ Nh÷ng khu vùc kinh tÕ ngoµi quèc
doanh ®ãng vai trß to lín ®Õn møc
chÝnh phñ chÊp nhËn sù tån t¹i cña khu
indispensable entify of the national vùc kinh tÕ nµy nh− lµ nh÷ng thùc thÓ
economy. kh«ng thÓ thiÕu cña toµn bé nÒn kinh tÕ
quèc d©n
46/ America is a power so strong that any 46/Mü lµ mét c−êng quèc m¹nh tíi møc
country can’t compare with it. For kh«ng n−íc nµo cã thÓ so s¸nh ®−îc. VÝ
example: The Vietnamese gross product dô: Tæng s¶n phÈm quèc néi cña Viet
equals 0.5 percent of that of America. It Nam chØ b»ng 0,5% cña Mü. §ã lµlý do
is reason why America is one of the three t¹i sao nÒn kinh tÕ Mü lu«n lu«n lµ mét
engines of the world economy. trong ba ®Çu tµu cña nÒn kinh tÕ thÕ
giíi.
47/ President Ho Chi Minh was a leader 47/ Chñ tÞch Hå ChÝ Minh lµ mét vÞ
so modest that all Vietnamese people call l·nh tô vÜ ®¹i nh−ng khiªm nh−êng tíi
uncle. It was a rare way of calling all over møc c¶ d©n téc Viet Nam ®Òu gäi ng−êi
the world. lµ B¸c – mét c¸ch gäi hiÕm thÊy ë bÊt
cø n−íc nµo trªn thÕ giíi.

Their friendship had played so important a
part in the long years they had lived and
worked together. But then their friendship
had come to an end because Rooservelt
and Churchill went to their last resting-
place.
State-owned enterprises play so large a
part that they dominate the national
economy despite their recent losses.
In so short a time, we cannot prepare
enough young football palyers to replace
the older ones. However, better late or
never, we must still because it is the only
way to make Vietnamese football team
move forward.
T×nh b¹n cña hä ®ãng mét vai trß cùc
kú quan träng trong nh÷ng n¨m dµi hä
sèng vµ lµm viÖc bªn nhau. §Õn lóc
nµy, nh÷ng mèi quan hÖ Êy kh«ng cßn
n÷a v× Rooservelt vµ Churchill ®· vÒ
n¬i an nghØ cuèi cïng.
C¸c doanh nghiÖp nhµ n−íc ®ãng vai
trß quan träng tíi møc chóng ®−îc lµm
trô cét cña nÒn kinh tÕ quèc d©n bÊt
chÊp nh÷ng thua lç cña c¸c doanh
nghiÖp nµy trong thêi gian gÇn ®©y.
Trong mét thêi gian ng¾n chóng ta
kh«ng thÓ chuÈn bÞ ®ñ c¸c cÇu thñ trÎ
®Ó thay thÕ líp ®µn anh. MÆc dï vËy,
muén cßn h¬n kh«ng, chóng ta vÉn
ph¶i lµm bëi v× ®ã lµ con ®−êng ®óng
nhÊt ®Ó ®−a bãng ®¸ ViÖt Nam tiÕn lªn.

14/ Khi mét cÆp tÝnh tõ, th−êng lµ ng−îc nghÜa víi nhau, ®i víi Alike (nghÜa lµ
còng nh−) ®Ó chóng cïng bæ nghÜa cho mét danh tõ th× Alike ®øng ®»ng sau
cÆp tÝnh tõ ®ã ®ång thêi chóng ph¶i ®øng ®»ng sau danh tõ mµ chóng bæ nghÜa
vµ c¸ch víi danh tõ ®ã b»ng dÊu phÈy c¶ ë ®Çu vµ ë cuèi.
NÕu cã nhiÒu cÆp tÝnh tõ cïng ®i trong mÉu nµy th× Alike chØ ®i víi cÆp
tÝnh tõ thø nhÊt sau ®ã c¸c cÆp tÝnh tõ cßn l¹i ®−îc ®øng c¸ch nhau b»ng dÊu
phÈy vµ gi÷a chóng cã liªn tõ and .
Quy t¾c nµy còng ¸p dông cho c¶ nh÷ng cÆp danh tõ cã gi¸ trÞ sö dông
nh− tÝnh tõ.
Ex: The Vietnamese people, young and old alike, rich and poor, minority and
majority… , want to do some thing.
 Bµi tËp:
48/ Our people, lowland and highland
alike, urban and rural, poor and rich,
wish to do something meanigful in the
return thanks for-merits program and
poverty-redution program partly to
reduce difficulties for their
countrymen. Thanks to their active
participation, the two above-said
programs have achieved encouraging
results.
49/ Our students, boy and girls alike,
bad or good, consider one another as
members of a great family. Our unity
has helped the United State overcome
uncountable difficulties in student
life.
50/ The world’s people, white and
coloured alike, European and Asian,
like peace, justice and respect
humanrights. However, because of
their social, political, cultural, regious
differences, their knowledge of
human rights is very different. That is
the reason why Vietnam always is
accused of breaking the human rights
by the United State while Vietnam
rejected these slanders.
15/ Adj present cã 2 nghÜa ®øng ë hai vÞ trÝ kh¸c nhau:
A/ HiÖn t¹i,hiÖn nay, hiÖn thêi: lu«n ®øng tr−íc danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa.
Ex: Present situation.
B/ Cã mÆt, hiÖn diÖn: lu«n ®øng sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa.
Bµi tËp:
51/ Although suicide-bombing have
continued to take place in Irag, the
present political situation in this country
is irreversible because most of the leaders
of the Saddam Husein administration
were arrested and the military of the older
government was disarmed.
48/ Nh©n d©n ta, miÒn xu«i còng nh−
miÒn ng−îc, thµnh thÞ còng nh− n«ng
th«n, giµu còng nh− nghÌo, ®Òu muèn
lµm mét c¸i g× ®ã cã ý nghÜa trong
ch−¬ng tr×nh xo¸ ®ãi gi¶m nghÌo vµ
ch−¬ng tr×nh ®Òn ¬n ®¸p nghÜa ®Ó bít
phÇn khã kh¨n cho ®ång bµo m×nh. Nhê
cã sù tham gia tÝch cùc cña hä, hai
ch−¬ng tr×nh trªn ®· thu ®−îc nh÷ng kÕt
qu¶ rÊt ®¸ng khÝch lÖ.
49/Lò häc sinh chóng t«i, trai còng nh−
g¸i, dèt còng nh− giái, ®Òu coi nhau nh−
lµ nh÷ng thµnh viªn trong mét ®¹i gia
®×nh. Sù ®oµn kÕt cña chóng t«i ®· gióp
chóng t«i v−ît qua muon vµn khã kh¨n
trong cuéc sèng sinh viªn.
50/ Nh©n d©n thÕ giíi, da tr¾ng còng nh−
da mµu, ch©u ¢u còng nh− chÊu ¸ ®Òu −a
chuéng hoµ b×nh, c«ng lý vµ t«n träng
nh©n quyÒn. Tuy nhiªn, do sù kh¸c nhau
vÒ v¨n ho¸, t«n gi¸o, chÝnh trÞ vµ x· héi,
c¸ch hiÓu cña hä vÒ nh©n quyÒn rÊt kh¸c
nhau. §ã lµ lý do t¹i sao ViÖt Nam lu«n
bÞ Mü tè c¸o lµ vi ph¹m nh©n quyÒn trong
khi ViÖt Nam hoµn toµn b¸c bá lêi vu
c¸of ®ã.
51/ Cho dï c¸c cuéc ®¸nh bom c¶m tö
vÉn tiÕp tôc diÔn ra ë Irag nh−ng t×nh
h×nh chÝnh chÞ ë n−íc nµy lµ kh«ng thÓ
®¶o ng−îc bëi v× hÇu hÕt c¸c nhµ l·nh
®¹o cña chÝnh quyÒn Saddam Hussein
®· bÞ b¾t vµ qu©n ®éi cña chÝnh quyÒn
cò ®· bÞ gi¶i t¸n vµ ®ång thêi t−íc vò
khÝ.
52/ The present situation of Vietnamese 52/Thùc tr¹ng gi¸o dôc ViÖt Nam cho
education indicate that we is facing thÊy chóng ta cßn ph¶i ®èi mÆt víi
countless difficulties not in literacy, mu«n vµn khã kh¨n kh«ng ph¶i chØ
universal primary education and higher xo¸ n¹n mï ch÷, phæ cËp gi¸o dôc tiÓu
education but in types of education häc, gi¸o dôc ®¹i häc mµ cßn mäi lo¹i
because misnatches and imbalance in the h×nh gi¸o dôc kh¸c bëi v× nh÷ng bÊt
present are very acute. cËp vµ sù mÊt c©n ®èi trong c¬ cÊu ®µo
t¹o hiÖn nay hÕt søc gay g¾t.
53/ All of the delegates present at the IPO 53/ C¸c ®¹i biÓu cã mÆt t¹i héi nghÞ
conference affirmed that the National AIPO ®Òu kh¼ng ®Þnh r»ng quèc héi
Assemblies of the countries in the region c¸c n−íc trong khu vùc tiÕp tôc phèi
have to continue to coordinate their hîp ho¹t ®éng ®ång thêi t¨ng c−êng
operations while strengthening co- h¬n n÷a quan hÖ hîp t¸c víi c¸c n−íc
operative relationships with the West in ph−¬ng T©y nh»m trao ®æi kinh
order to exchange experiences and keep nghiÖm ®ång thêi tiÕp tôc duy tr× mét
on preserving a long-lasting peace in nÒn hoµ b×nh trong kh− vùc.
region.
54/ Most peole present on the site 54/ Nh÷ng ng−êi cã mÆt t¹i hiÖn
affirmed that suicide-bombing once again tr−êng ®Òu kh¼ng ®Þnh r»ng cuéc ®¸nh
continued to do harm to relationships bom c¶m tö l¹i tiÕp tôc lµm trÇm träng
between Israel and Palestine. Powerless thªm mèi quan hÖ gi÷a Ixrael vµ
in face the situation, Palestian prime Palestine. BÊt lùc tr−íc t×nh h×nh ®ã,
minister, Abbabs, officailly resigned, thñ t−íng Abbas cña Palestine ®·
leaving behind him many difficulties to chÝnh thøc tõ chøc ®Ó l¹i ®»ng sau
other politicains bacause he was the only m×nh nh÷ng mèi lo ng¹i cho nh÷ng
man who Israel had accepted for chÝnh kh¸ch kh¸c bëi v× «ng lµ ng−êi
negotiations between the two countries. duy nhÊt ®−îc Ixrael chÊp nhËn ®µm
ph¸n.

16/ Adj cßn ®øng trong cÊu tróc: Whether or (not) víi t− c¸ch lµ thµnh tè
®éc lËp hoÆc bæ nghÜa cho mét phÇn nµo ®ã trong c©u.
Ex: Whether rich or poor…Dï giµu hay nghÌo…
Whether happy or not …Dï vui hay kh«ng…
Whether difficult or easy, the home work must be finished.
Do cã thÓ ®øng ë nhiÒu vÞ trÝ trong c©u nªn ng−êi nãi hoÆc viÕt cÇn ph¶i ®Æt s¸t
tõ nã bæ nghÜa.
Whether rich or not, I always love you (bæ nghÜa cho c¶ I vµ You- c¶ hai nghÌo hay
kh«ng)
I, whether rich or not, always love you. (bæ nghÜa cho I- Dï t«i nghÌo hay kh«ng).
I always love you, whether rich or not. (bæ nghÜa cho You- Dï em nghÌo hay
kh«ng)
Bµi tËp:
55/ 55/ LÞch sö dùng n−íc vµ gi÷ n−íc cña
d©n téc ta ®· chøng minh r»ng tuy m¹nh
yÕu mçi lóc kh¸c nhau song hµo kiÖt
thêi nµo còng cã. V× vËy, chóng ta hoµn
 toµn cã thÓ tin r»ng trong mäi giê phót
cña lÞch sù d©n téc kÓ c¶ nh÷ng giê phót
khã kh¨n nhÊt, d©n téc ta vÉn s¶n sinh ra
nh÷ng vÞ l·nh tô anh minh, s½n sµng hy
sinh lîi Ých riªng ®Ó cøu d©n téc.
56/ 56/ Dï giµu hay nghÌo, chóng ta còng
ph¶i gi÷ cho m×nh trong s¹ch vµ ph¶i
sèng sao cho ra sèng ®Ó tr−íc khi nh¾m
m¾t xu«i tay, chóng ta còng kh«ng ph¶i
©n hËn víi nh÷ng n¨m th¸ng sèng hoµi
sèng phÝ.
57/ 57/ Dï khoÎ hay yÕu, chóng ta còng
kh«ng nªn hót thuèc l¸ bëi v× hót thuèc
l¸ lµ nguyªn nh©n cña mäi nguyªn nh©n
cña c¨n bÖnh ung th− vµ nhiÒu bÖnh vÒ
phæi. ChØ tiÕc r»ng, chóng t«i biÕt rÊt râ
®iÒu ®ã nh−ng chóng t«i kh«ng thÓ cã
c¸ch lùa chän nµo kh¸c ngoµi viÖc tiÕp
tôc hót thuèc.

(3)Khi mét Adj mµ ®»ng sau nã cã mét ®o¶n ng÷ ( mÖnh ®Ò V-ing, to be, to
do ) ®Ó cïng víi Adj ®ã bæ nghÜa, lµm s¸ng nghÜa cho mét danh tõ th× ph¶i ®Æt
Adj ®ã sau danh tõ ®ã.
Ex: This is a short story necessary for you to read in the train.
Students interested in English will learn English well.

(9)Adj cßn ®øng sau However trong nh÷ng tr−êng hîp sau:
A/ Lµ thµnh tè ®éc lËp hoÆc nã cã thÓ bæ nghÜa cho mét thµnh phÇn nµo ®ã (
chñ ng÷, t©n ng÷ ) cã thÓ cho ®¹i tõ hoÆc lµ danh tõ, ®Æc biÖt lµ ®¹i tõ chñ ng÷
vµ ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷. Cã thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u, gi÷a c©u hay cuèi c©u.
Ex: There is a peace in Bosnia, However fragile.
However poor, I plidge to follow you to the end of the world.
Note: Khi cÇn bæ nghÜa cho ®¹i tõ nµo th× ®Æt s¸t nã.
B/ Adj cßn ®øng sau However sau ®ã + S + V.
- Trong tr−êng hîp chØ sù thËt th× ®éng tõ th−êng dïng ë thêi hiÖn t¹i hoÆc qu¸
khø ®¬n.
Ex: However poor, I am/ I was. §«i khi dïng I will be.
- Trong tr−êng hîp ®iÒu nµy lµ dù ®o¸n th× sau S dïng “may”
Ex: However poor, I may be …
C/ Adj cßn ®øng sau However sau ®ã + S ( bá ®éng tõ). Tuy nhiªn, c¸ch dïng
nµy chØ ¸p dông khi chñ ng÷ lµ danh tõ mµ kh«ng ¸p dông khi chñ ng÷ lµ
nh÷ng lo¹i tõ kh¸c ( ®¹i tõ, ®¹i tõ nguyªn d¹ng, gerund )
Ex: However happy my love now, I sometimes think about the problem we faced in
our love affair in the future.
Dï nghÌo ®Õn mÊy nh−ng ViÖt Nam ch−a However poor, Vietnam has never
tõng phô thuéc vµo c−êng quèc kinh tÕ depended on any economic powers.
nµo. ®ã lµ lý do t¹i sao chóng ta vÉn ®øng That is the reason why we still stand
v÷ng khi Liªn X« ®· hoµn toµn sôp ®æ. firm after the completely collapsed of
the Soviet Union. ( we have stood firm
since Soviet Union had collapsed).
Nh÷ng thµnh tùu mµ nh©n d©n ViÖt Nam The acievements that made by
®¹t ®−îc trong h¬n 10 n¨m ®æi míi dï chØ Vietnamese people for the past ten
lµ b−íc ®Çu nh−ng cùc kú quan träng t¹o years of renovation, however initial,
®µ cho chóng ta tiÕn lªn trong thÕ kû 21. are extremely important creating a
spring board(v¸n bËt ®µ) for us to
move forward in the early years of
21th Century.
T×nh yªu cña chóng t«i dï chØ cßn rÊt ph«i Our love, however embryonic, is the
thai nh−ng ®ang b¸o hiÖu nh÷ng dÊu hiÖu promising positive sign because the
tÝch cùc bëi v× chóng t«i ngµy cµng th©n closer we are, the better we understand
nhau th× chóng t«i cµng hiÓu nhau h¬n. each other.

Dï Mü ngµy nay cã m¹nh ®Õn ®©unh−ng
nã còng kh«ng thÓ lµm m−a lµm giã bëi
v× ngµy cµng cã nhiÒu n−íc ®· giµnh ®−îc
®éc lËp vµ chØ muèn hîp t¸c trªn c¬ së t«n
träng lÉn nhau vµ c¸c bªn cïng cã lîi.
Dï cuéc sèng cña t«i cã c¬ cùc ®Õn mÊy
t«i còng quyÕt v−ît lªn tÊt c¶ kho kh¨n ®Ó
®¹t ®−îc môc tiªu mµ m×nh ®Ò ra.
Dï tiÕng Anh cã khã ®Õn mÊy nh−ng
chóng t«i vÉn cè g¾ng ®Ó häc tèt, xøng
®¸ng víi sù mong ®îi cña thÇy m×nh.
However strong the United State now,
it cannot rule the roots because there
is a lot of independent nations which
only want to co-operate with it on the
basis of mutual respect and benefit.
However miserable my life, I
determine to overcome all difficulties
and hand-ship to achieve the goals
which I have set.
However difficult English, we are still
trying to learn better to be worthy of
our teacher espectations.

(10)Adj ®øng ®»ng sau How trong nh÷ng tr−êng hîp sau:
A/ Trong c©u hái: How old. High,long
B/ Trong c©u c¶m th¸n:
- C©u c¶m th¸n víi danh tõ:
Ex: What a nice surprise!
What a boy he is!
NÕu danh tõ cÇn c¶m th¸n ®Õm ®−îc ph¶i cã “a” ®øng tr−íc kh«ng dïng “the”
- C©u c¶m th¸n víi tr¹ng tõ (víi tr¹ng tõ chØ tÇn suÊt vµ tr¹ng tõ chØ thÓ
c¸ch):
+ Víi tr¹ng ng÷ chØ tÇn suÊt: usually, often, always… dïng víi c©u hái d¹ng
How often …
+ Víi tr¹ng ng÷ chØ Manner (thÓ c¸ch): dïng How
Ex: How carefully he does this work!
- C©u c¶m th¸n víi tÝnh tõ:
Ex:How beautiful you are!
How nice!
How kind of you to see me!
MÉu c©u: How It is (for sb) to do sth.
Ex: How fantastic and poestic it is for country comples to sit together on the West
Lake Bank to talk about their future life!
C/ Trong mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ:

How important and necessary it is for ThËt quan träng vµ cÇn thiÕt ®Õn møc
students to learn English. As the nµo cho c¸c sinh viªn khi ph¶i häc tiÕng
predictations by many Scientific experts: Anh! Bëi v× theo c¸c nh÷ng chuyªn gia
In 2033, English will be the common khoa häc dù b¸o th× vµo 2033 tiÕng Anh
lingua franca in the world. sÏ lµ ng«n ng÷ chung cña toµn thÕ giíi.
How disappointing it is for Vietnamese ThËt thÊt väng nh−êng nµo cho ®éi
football team to be put to shame in the tuyÓn ViÖt Nam khi bÞ h¹ nhôc bëi mét
Tiger Cup by a march. However, we must ®éi kú phïng ®Þch thñ! Tuy nhiªn
advance because the climax of football chóng ta vÉn ph¶i tiÕn lªn v× ®Ønh cao
does not wait anyone. cña bãng ®¸ n−íc kh«ng chê ®îi ai.
How happy my life will be in the future
depends mostly on how kind my husband
will be. It can be sure that women’s life
after getting married depends happily on
what the husbands do for them.
I don’t know how rich I will be in the
future but only know that my life is very
obscure.

(16) Nh÷ng Adj ë d¹ng so s¸nh b»ng hoÆc so s¸nh h¬n cã thÓ ®Æt ®»ng sau
danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa.
Ex:That’s the girl more beautiful than any other girl.

(17) Nh÷ng cÆp Adj ®i víi c¸c cÊu tróc:

Not only but also
Neither nor
Either or
Both and
Now now ( lóc th× lóc th× )
Th−êng ®Æt sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa vµ c¸ch víi danh tõ ®ã b»ng 1 dÊu phÈy (
nÕu danh tõ lµm chñ ng÷ th× sau Adj l¹i phÈy tiÕp).
Ex: We are students, both active and clever…
Japan is a country neither rich in natural resources nor abundant in man power…

(19)Khi hai hay nhiÒu Adj ®i víi nhau ë d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n hoÆc h¬n nhÊt th×
Adj ng¾n bao giê còng ®Æt tr−íc (trõ tr−êng hîp cã But hoÆc nh÷ng tõ
t−¬ng ®−ong dïng ®Ó nãi ng−îc chiÒu hoÆc nhÊn m¹nh mét khÝa c¹nh nµof
®ã).
Ex: He would become one of the strongest and most progressive…
He is the most intelligent but laziest.
* Adj dµi hai ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc b»ng mét trong 4 ®u«i sau ®©y ®−îc coi nh−
Adj ng¾n: -er, -ow, -le, -y.

(21) Trong tr−êng hîp cã qu¸ nhiÒu Adj cïng bæ nghÜa cho mét danh tõ th× chØ
cÇn chän mét hoÆc hai Adj cÇn nhÊn m¹nh (cã thÓ kh«ng cÇn) ®Æt lªn tr−íc
danh tõ ®ã, sau ®ã ®¸nh dÊu phÈy vµ viÕt tiÕp nh÷ng Adj cßn l¹i (sau mçi tõ 1
dÊu phÈy cho ®Õn Adj cuèi cïng).
Quy t¾c nµy kh«ng ¸p dông cho c¸c Adj sau:
+ Së h÷u (my, her…)
+ ChØ ®Þnh (that, this…).
+ Quèc tÞch ( Vietnamese…)
+ ChÊt liÖu.

(22) Adj cßn ®øng ë cuèi c©u víi t− c¸ch lµ tr¹ng ng÷ chØ hoµn c¶nh kÌm theo.
Ex: She came home from her office, angry about what her boss asked her to do and
disapointed by what had happened.

(23) Trong tr−êng hîp cã nhiÒu Adj bæ nghÜa cho mét danh tõ vµ danh tõ ®ã
th−êng chØ:
+ HÖ thèng. + Quan hÖ.
+ Sù t−¬ng ®−¬ng. + LÜnh vùc.
+ Sù kh¸c biÖt.
Th× nh÷ng Adj ®ã cã thÓ ®Æt ®»ng sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa vµ c¸ch víi danh tõ
®ã b»ng 1 trong 3 dÊu sau (:, -, ).

(24) Adj cã thÓ ®øng mét m×nh hay ®øng sau sè tõ hay danh tõ trong c¸ tiªu ®Ò
cña b¸o, t¹p chÝ hay trong c¸c tªn phim.
Ex: “200.000 dead and many injured in India’s earthquake”.

The article
Qu¸n tõ xuÊt hiÖn chñ yÕu d−íi hai h×nh thøc: the hoÆc a/an.
Khi ®äc ph¶i chñ yÕu dùa vµo phiªn ©m cña danh tõ ®øng sau ®ã:
Ex: an umbrella, a uniform, the one.
KÓ c¶ tr−êng hîp viÕt t¾t:
Ex: We have an STL office in VN.
(es)
Tuy nhiªn cßn phô thuéc c¸ch ®äc tõng ký tù hay ®äc liÒn.
Ex: MOET( emouet)(mouet).
1/Dïng the víi c¸c danh tõ ®· x¸c ®Þnh. NÕu danh tõ ®Õm ®−îc kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh
ë sè Ýt th× ph¶i dïng a/an.
X¸c ®Þnh:
+ Tõ ®ã ®· ®−îc nh¾c ë c©u tr−íc sau ®ã ®−îc nh¾c l¹i ( c¶ nãi vµ viÕt)
Ex: Hang has just bought a TV. The TV is …
+ Danh tõ mÆc dï kh«ng ®−îc nh¾c ë tr−íc nh−ng t×nh huèng vÉn gióp cho ta
hiÓu lµ danh tõ ®−îc x¸c ®Þnh.
Ex: Look! The water is boiling (®©y lµ t×nh huèng diÔn ra trong thùc tÕ mµ mäi
ng−êi ®Òu biÕt).
+ Dï ®−îc nãi tr−íc hay o vÉn ph¶i dïng “the” khi danh tõ mµ ®Þnh ng÷ hay
mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷ cho phÐp ng−êi ta nghÜ ®Õn danh tõ ®ã ®· x¸c ®Þnh.
Ex: The tea in this cup is very strong.
The girl who talk with you…
- Tuy nhiªn tuú theo ý muãn nhÊn m¹nh dïng the hay a/an.

- MÆc dï ®−îc x¸c ®Þnh b×nh th−êng ph¶i dïng the nh−ng nÕu nhÊn m¹nh ý 1
vÉn dïng a/an.
2/ Dïng the víi danh tõ chØ c¸i duy nhÊt.
Tuy nhiªn nÕu nhÊn m¹nh ý 1 vÉn dïng a/an
Ex: I have a world of my own.
3/ Dïng ®øng tr−íc tÝnh tõ so s¸nh cÊp cao nhÊt
- Tuy nhiªn,nÕu dïng a/an chØ mang nghÜa lµ rÊt.
Ex: She is a most beautiful girl…
Very
- Cã mét sè c¸ch nãi mÆc dï ë so s¸nh h¬n nh−ng kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ.
Ex: It is best to do sth.
Tèt nhÊt lµ…
It is best policy to …
Th−îng s¸ch lµ
4/Dïng the tr−íc sè thø tù.
Ex: He’s the first man…
Nh−ng khi cÇn nhÊn m¹nh ý 1 vÉn dïng a/an.
5/Dïng the víi tõ Former vµ Latter víi ®iÒu kiÖn dïng thay cho vËt hoÆc
ng−êi (nãi tr−íc hoÆc nãi sau)( 2 tõ trªn kh«ng cã ý nghÜa chia ®éng tõ).
Ex: I have 2 friends, H and T.
The former is… but the latter is …
6/Dïng the trong c¸c tr−êng hîp :
Most/ many/ much/ few of the : nh−ng nÕu kh«ng cã of trong nhiÒu
tr−êng hîp kh«ng cã the
Ex: Most of student.
Most student.
7/The cßn ®−îc dïng víi many vµ few ®Ó chØ ng−êi h¹c Ýt ng−êi.
Ex: If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who
are rich.
8/§èi víi tªn ng−êi th× kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ trong tr−êng hîp b×nh th−êng.
Nh−ng nÕu x¸c ®Þnh vÉn dïng the , kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh dïng a/an.
Ex: She’s not the Hang I want to see. There was a Hang coming to see you
(mét c« H»ng nµo ®ã)
9/Dïng the tr−íc tªn ng−êi vµ sau tªn ng−êi cã sè nhiÒu nghÜa lµ chØ gia
®×nh ng−êi ®ã (®éng tõ chia ë sè nhiÒu).
10/§èi víi danh tõ chØ quèc hiÖu th× b×nh th−êng kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ (VN is
my nation) tuy nhiªn khi nhÊn m¹nh ý 1 vÉn dïng a/an, khi x¸c ®Þnh vÉn dïng
the .
Ex: We see an America in which higher education is open to all and…
… to give the young people here and those all across America, the America…
11/§èi víi 4 quèc hiÖu sau ®©y th× ph¶i dïng the : The Neitherlands, the
Phillipines, the Congo, The Ukraina.
12/Dïng The víi c¸c h−íng (the sun set in the West) nh−ng nÕu nhÊn m¹nh ý 1
vÉn dïng a/an.
Ex:After world war II, Germany was devided into a communist East and a
democrate West.
13/§èi víi tªn c¸c ch©u th× kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ trõ ch©u Mü. Víi ch©u Mü
ph¶i cã the thªm s ( the Americas: ch©u Mü).
14/Dïng the víi c¸c danh tõ chØ tªn ®¹i d−¬ng, kÓt c¶ tªn riªng ®¹id−¬ng
®ã.
Ex: The Pacific ocean - The Pacific
15-16/Dïng the víi tªn biÓn (The black sea, the red sea), eo biÓn (the English
Chanel).
17/Kh«ng dïng the víi vÞnh khi tªn riªng ®Æt tr−íc tõ vÞnh ( Ha Long bay)
nh−ng khi tªn riªng ®Æt sau th× cã the ( the bay of Ha Long).
18/Kh«ng dïng the cho tÊt c¶ c¸c danh tõ chØ quÇn ®¶o, kÓ c¶ tªn riªng. (the
Solomon island)
22/§èi víi danh tõ chØ tØnh, ®Þa h¹t, x·, lµng b¶n, ®−êng phè kh«ng dïng
the khi tªn riªng ®Æt tr−íc nh−ng khi tªn riªng ®Æt sau th× cã the ( Hai
Duong privince The province of Hai Duong).
23/§èi víi c¸c danh tõ chØ ao, hå:
+ NÕu tªn ®Æt tr−íc hoÆc sau tõ hå th−êng kh«ng cã the .
+ NÕu tªn ®−îc dÞch sang tiÕng Anh th× ph¶i cã the
ex: Hoan Kiem Lake, Lake of Hoan Kiem – The Restored Sward Lake.
24/§èi víi danh tõ chØ phè, ®−êng phè kh«ng dïng the khi tªn riªng ®Æt
tr−íc nh−ng khi tªn riªng ®Æt sau th× cã the
Ex: THD street.
Tuy nhiªn nÕu cho mét adj nµo ®ã ®øng tr−íc th× vÉn cã thÓ xuÊt hiÖn the
Ex: The 2 kilometer-THD street.
25/C¸c con ®−êng, ®¹i lé, quèc lé, ®−êng cao tèc nÕu cã sè ë ®»ng sau th×
kh«ng dïng the (high way no1) nh−ng nÕu cã Adj ®øng ®»ng tr−íc th× cã the.
26/B×nh th−êng kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ víi c¸c danh tõ chØ ngµy trong tuÇn. Tuy
nhiªn khi cÇn nhÊn m¹nh ý 1 vÉn dïng a/an, khi x¸c ®Þnh vÉn dïng the
Ex: Sunday is holiday.
I was born on a Sunday morning.
The Sunday on which I received kisses for the first time in my life is the day I never
forget.
Tr−êng hîp nµy ¸p dông c¶ khi cã thªm morning, afternoon…
27/B¾t buéc ph¶i dïng the víi ngµy trong th¸ng ( the 1st).
28/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ ®èi víi th¸ng, n¨m. Riªng ®èi víi th¸ng th× vÉn cã khi
dïng a/an nÕu nhÊn m¹nh ý 1, the nÕu x¸c ®Þnh (the year (of) 1999) tuy
nhiªn theo Anh-Mü còng cã thÓ dïng the hoÆc kh«ng (the year 2003 – year
2003).
29/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ trong c¸c tr−êng hîp nãi giê.
30/Dïng the ®èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ chØ buæi s¸ng, buæi chiÒu, buæi tèi khi
chóng ®i mét m×nh (in the morning).
32/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ cho c¸c mïa (in sprring) tuy nhiªn khi nhÊn m¹nh ý 1
vÉn cã thÓ dïng a, khi x¸c ®Þnh vÉn dïng the
Ex: In the summer of 2003.
33/Dïng the víi ngµy quèc kh¸nh. §èi víi ngµy lÔ th−êng trong n¨m th× kh«ng
cÇn dïng the ( mother’s day). Tuy nhiªn víi nh÷ng ngµy lÔ héi kh¸c ®−îc
dÞch sang tiÕng Anh th× vÉn dïng.
34/Tªn c¸c khu vùc trªn thÕ giíi kÓ c¶ viÕt tªn riªng vÉn dïng the (the
Carribean).
35/B×nh th−êng kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ ®èi víi b÷a ¨n (she’s having dinner) tuy
nhiªn vÉn dïng a/an khi nhÊn m¹nh ý 1, the khi x¸c ®Þnh.
Ex: I had a dinner over there once, The dinner was very bad.
36/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ víi c¸c bé m«n häc (I love economics) tuy nhiªn chó ý
nh÷ng tõ chØ bé m«n häc, ngµnh khoa häc trïng víi 1 ý nghÜa nµo ®ã.
Ex: History The historry of Viet Nam.
37/Dïng the víi tªn cña hiÕn ph¸p, luËt. ®¹o luËt, dù luËt nÕu ®· x¸c ®Þnh,
dïng a/an nÕu kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh (the law on foreign investment).
38/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ nÕu c¸c th«ng t−, nghÞ ®Þnh, chØ thÞ cã sè ®»ng sau
(Decision No1).
39/Dïng the tr−íc tªn c¸c c«ng ty, tæng c«ng ty, nhµ m¸y, xÝ nghiÖp, c¬ së
s¶n xuÊt, c©u l¹c bé, viÖn, trung t©m, doanh nghiÖp.
40/Kh«ng dïng the tr−íc tªn riªng cña tr−êng häc. Tuy nhiªn nÕu tªn
tr−êng ®Æt sau th× cã the :
Ex:The university of Harvard.
41/Dïng the cho tªn c¸c tæ chøc: The United Nation organization.
42/Trong tr−êng hîp viÕt t¾t cã thÓ dïng the hoÆc kh«ng dïng còng ®−îc.
Ex: the WTO = WTO.
43/Dïng the víi c¸c danh tõ chØ chïa, miÕu, nhµ thê, kh¸ch s¹n, l¨ng tÈm
45/Kh«ng dïng the víi tÊt c¶ c¸c m«n thÓ thao.
46/Dïng the víi c¸c danh tõ chØ nh¹c cô trong cÊu tróc:
Play the piano/guitar/ violin (kh«ng dïng sè nhiÒu).
47/Dïng the víi tÊt c¶ c¸c bé phËn trªn ng−êi, trong c¸c m¸y mãc khi viÕt
chó thÝch.
48/Kh«ng dïng the tr−íc c¸c tªn riªng chØ ng«n ng÷.
Ex: We can speak English.
Dïng the tr−êng hîp ®»ng sau c¸c tªn riªng ®ã cã language .
Ex: The English language.
49/Dïng the tr−íc tªn c¸c d©n téc (the Kinh, the Muong).
50/§èi víi nh÷ng danh tõ chØ tªn riªng quèc tÞch, quèc tÞch:
+ C¸c tªn tËn cïng bëi: /is/ British; /i:z/ Chinese; / ^t∫/ Dutch ph¶i dïng “the”.
§èi víi ®u«i /i:z/ khi dïng “the” lu«n mang nghÜa sè nhiÒu, khi dïng sè Ýt cã thÓ
dïng a/an.
+ §èi víi c¸c danh tõ trªn cã ®u«i tËn cïng lµ / әn/, i kh«ng dïng the vµ ®−îc
sö dông a vµ sè ®Õm nh− b×nh th−êng.
Ex: Americans an American.
+ CÇn l−u ý nh÷ng danh tõ chØ quèc tÞch kh«ng theo quy t¾c ®Çu cã thÓ theo
quy t¾c 2.
51/Dïng the víi nh÷ng tÝnh tõ ®−îc danh tõ ho¸ (mang nghÜa s« nhiÒu).
(Ex: The poor, the aged, the unemployed, the young.) vµ kh«ng dïng së h÷u c¸ch
víi c¸c tõ ®ã.
§èi víi c¸c tÝnh tõ trªn vÉn cã thÓ cã tÝnh tõ kh¸c ë tr−íc.
Ex: the urban poor.
52/Dïng the tr−íc nh÷ng danh tõ chØ tªn c¸c chÝnh phñ, chÝnh quyÒn. Trong
tr−êng hîp cã tªn ng−êi ®øng tr−íc c¸c danh tõ ®ã th× vÉn dïng the , nÕu kh«ng
cã the ph¶i ®¸nh së h÷u c¸ch( The Clinton administration – Clinton’s
administration).
53/Víi c¸c danh tõ chØ t«n ti trËt tù trong gia ®×nh nh− mother, brother nÕu
sau tõ ®ã cã tªn riªng th× kh«ng dïng the ( sister Hang)
NÕu lµ c©u x−ng h« trong néi bé gia ®×nh th× còng kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ kÓ c¶
chóng ®øng mét m×nh.
Ex: I am going to tell mother now!
54/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ víi nh÷ng danh tõ chØ chøc t−íc, qu©n hµm, häc hµm,
häc vÞ khi cã tªn ng−êi ®i theo.
Ex: teacher Hang, Master Hang, Dr Hang, My friend Hang.
55/C¸c danh tõ chØ chøc t−íc, qu©n hµm, häc hµm, häc vÞ nÕu kh«ng ®i víi
tªn ng−êi th× dïng a/an, the theo quy t¾c chung.
56/Dïng the víi tªn riªng c¸c di tÝch, danh lam, th¾ng c¶nh, c«ng viªn, khu
b¶o tån ( the one pillar pagoda);
57/ Dïng the cho tªn c¸c héi nghÞ, c«ng −íc, tuyªn ng«n, th«ng c¸o chung,
hiÖp −íc Tr−êng hîp kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh dïng a/an.
58/Dïng the trong nh÷ng thµnh ng÷ cè ®Þnh.
Ex: On the move: di chuyÓn, ho¹t ®éng, tiÕn triÓn.
On the increasse/decrease.
59/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ cè ®Þnh:
Ex: In crises, in trouble, in silence, in principle, in theory, in reality, under
construction, under repair, in fact, in defact…
60/Dïng a trong nh÷ng thµnh ng÷ cè ®Þnh: in a hungry, have a bath, have a
good time, take a nab (chîp m¾t), take a hold of
61/Dïng the tr−íc same, following, opposite.
Ex: The same, do the opposite.
62/Dïng the trong c¸c mÉu so s¸nh:
The more... the more
The less the less
The more the better
The more the happier
The + adj ng¾n + er the + adj ng¾n + er .
63-65/Dïng the cho c¸c tªn t¹p chÝ, b¸o phim (the New York Times
newspapar); tr−íc tªn quèc ca, bµi h¸t; tr−íc tªn c¸c lo¹i tiÒn (the dollar, the
yen).
66/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ tr−íc nh÷ng danh tõ chØ tªn qu¶ng trêng nh−ng nÕu
cã tÝnh tõ ë tr−íc th× vÉn ®−îc dïng the .
67-68/Dïng the tr−íc c¸c danh tõ chØ viÖn b¶o tµng, c¸c trËn ®¸nh, c¸c
chiÕn th¾ng
Ex: The DBP victory.
69/Khi so s¸nh tr¹ng ng÷ ë cÊp cao nhÊt cã thÓ dïng the hoÆc kh«ng.
Ex: I love you best/the best.
He runs best quickly/ the best quickly.
70-71/Dïng the tr−íc tªn c¸c toµ nhµ, dinh thù, chî, nhµ h¸t, r¹p chiÕu
phim (the Hom market); cho tªn riªng c¸c hµnh tinh (the Nepture, the Jupital).
72/Kh«ng dïng qu¸n tõ cho c¸c bÕn c¶ng, bÕn tµu, bÕn phµ, s©n bay.
73/ Víi nh÷ng tõ chØ vÒ kinh tÕ, chÝnh trÞ, x· héi, gi¸o dôc, n«ng nghiÖp, c«ng
nghiÖp, lÞch sö nÕu cã tªn riªng phÝa tr−íc th× chØ cã kinh tÕ míi cã the .
Ex: The American economy.
American education.

MÖnh ®Ò danh tõ ( NC)

MÖnh ®Ò danh tõ cã gi¸ trÞ nh− danh tõ hay mét côm danh tõ, cã thÓ gi÷ hÇu hÕt c¸c
chøc n¨ng ng÷ ph¸p trong c©u nh− chñ ng÷, vÞ ng÷, t©n ng÷, tr¹ng ng÷, ®Þnh ng÷,
®ång vÞ ng÷.

CÇn l−u ý mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ cã mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm sau:

• Mçi mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ th−êng (lu«n lu«n) cã nh÷ng tõ ®Ó hái ®øng tr−íc
ngo¹i tõ If, that, whether, all vµ mét vµi tr−êng hîp cã thÓ bá that.

• MÖnh ®Ò danh tõ cã If hay whether ®Òu cã nghÜa gièng nhau nh−ng trong khi
“whether ( or not)” cã thÓ ®øng ë mäi chøc n¨ng ng÷ ph¸p th× mÖnh ®Ò danh
tõ cã If chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë chøc n¨ng t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp.

• MÖnh ®Ò danh tõ cã If hay whether ®øng tr−íc gièng nhau vÒ ng÷ nghÜa
nh−ng whether cã thÓ cã “not” ®i theo cßn If th× kh«ng bao giê.

• MÆc dï cã nh÷ng tõ ®Ó hái ®øng ®Çu hay ®øng tr−íc nh−ng mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ
kh«ng xuÊt hiÖn ®¶o ng÷ nh− c©u hái vµ kh«ng cã dÊu ? ë cuèi c©u. Ng−îc
l¹i, ®éng tõ ®Æt xu«i b×nh th−êng vµ chia theo ®óng ng«i, ®óng thêi.

• Khi mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ lµm chñ ng÷ th× ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u ph¶i chia ë sè
Ýt. NÕu 2 trong nhiÒu mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ cïng lµm chñ ng÷ th× theo quy t¾c,
®éng tõ vÉn dïng ë ng«i sè Ýt, trõ mét sè tr−êng hîp cã thÓ dïng ë sè nhiÒu.

• C¸c thêi trong c©u cã mét hay nhiÒu mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ kh«ng phô thuÞc vµo
nhau qu¸ nhiÒu ( trõ c©u nãi gi¸n tiÕp ).

Chøc n¨ng ng÷ ph¸p cña mÖnh ®Ò danh tõ

1/ Lµ chñ ng÷: 2 mÉu

A/ NC + V + Object/compliment/ adv.
 Bæ ng÷/ Bæ ng÷

Ex: Who wants to love will be love.

Who wants to be loved must love.

Who wants to love her must be rich.

B/ It is + Adj/N + that + NC.

Ex: It is possible that I will love her.

It is my hope that I will start to love in the next years.

2/Lµ vÞ ng÷( th−êng ®øng sau to be, remain, become, seem,prove).

Ex: What you like is also what I like.

I remain who deserves your love.

I seem (to be) who deserves your love.

3/ Lµ t©n ng÷.

A/ Lµ t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp (®øng sau Vt).

Ex: He sericusly attack what I say.

He sericusly attack who I love deeply.

B/ Lµ t©n ng÷ giíi tõ:

- Sau Vi:

Ex: I’m thinking about what you told me yesterday.

- Lµ t©n ng÷ giíi tõ cña Adj.

Ex: I’m very proud of what you have done for me.

C/ Lµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp cña giíi tõ.

Ex: Thank you for all what you have done to help me.

D/ Lµ t©n ng÷ cña Adj.

Ex: I’m sure (that) I will be successful.

C¸c lo¹i Adj dïng trong mÉu trªn:

Sure, Glad, Proud, Certain, Convinced, Confident, Surprised, Pleased, Disapointed.

4/ Lµ ®Þnh ng÷ (lu«n ®øng sau danh tõ nã bæ nghÜa vµ c¸ch danh tõ ®ã bëi mét
giíi tõ).

Ex: The decision on who will be the director of that company will be made
somedays later.

5/ Lµ ®ång vÞ ng÷ (apposition).

Ex: I have no idea when she will go to Australia.

The idea that one can succeed in everything without any efforts is wrong.

• C¸c mÉu hay dïng:

+ Have (got) no idea / belief + NC.

Ch¼ng biÕt/ ch¼ng tin.

Got no idea / belief + NC.

+ It makes no difference + NC.

Ch¼ng cã g× quan träng, ch¼ng cã ý nghÜa g×.

Ex: It makes no difference whether he comes to see me or not.

+ To be at a loss: lóng tóng, bèi rèi.

Ex: to be at a loss how to answer.

+ Hope that + clause.

6/ Lµ tr¹ng ng÷ (adveral modifies)

A/ Of concession (tr¹ng tõ chØ sù nh−îng bé, bÊt chÊp, mÆc dï).

Kh«ng ®i víi c¸c tõ though, although, albeit.

ChØ ®i víi c¸c giíi tõ sau:

+ In the face of

+ Regardless of : bÊt chÊp, kh«ng ®Õm xØa ®Õn.

+ No matter : kh«ng kÓ.

+ Despite (sth): BÊt kÓ, mÆc dï, bÊt chÊp, dï cho.

+ In spite of (sth): MÆc dï.

+ In defience of: BÊt chÊp, coi th−êng, th¸ch thøc.

+ Irrespective of : kh«ng kÓ, bÊt luËn.

+ Heedless of : kh«ng chu ý, l¬ lµ.

+ Not with standing: tr¸i víi, bÊt chÊp, ng−îc víi.

Ex: In spite of what they say, I do love you.

No matter what they say...

B/ Giíi tõ: Do, v×…

+ Because of :

+ Due to : v×, do.

+ Thanks to: do, nhê cã.

+ Owing to: nhê cã, v×, do chç…

+ For fear of : v× lo sî r»ng.

+ On the bases of : trªn c¬ së.

+ On the strongth of : trªn c¬ së.

Ex: Thanks you to what you have done for me.

I’m successful now

C/ Of manner: chØ thÓ c¸ch.

NC th−êng ®i sau c¸c giíi tõ: with, without, by, in…

Ex: I can’t live without what is the so-called love you have devoted to me.

D/ Of place: chØ n¬i chèn.

NC ®i sau nh÷ng giíi tõ chØ n¬i chèn: in, at, on, among …

Ex: We’re living in what is a so-called poluted environment.

E/ Of comparision: chØ sù so s¸nh.

• Kh«ng ®i víi then.

• NC ®i víi :

+ Agaisnt: tr¸i ng−îc víi, ®èi diÖn víi, so víi..

+ In compaision with/to/as: So s¸nh víi.

Ex: The result you have obtained are very low against what I have desired.

F/ Parenthesis: thµnh tè ®éc lËp.

 §i víi nh÷ng giíi tõ sau:

+ From: tõ.

+ Apart from: kh«ng kÓ ®Õn, ngoµi ra.

+ Beside:

+ In addition to : thªm vµo.

Ex : From all what you have done, I can conclude that the Vietnamese people’s
army is invincible.

MÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷

Ex : The girl who is sitting next to Hanh is Hang.

®¹i tõ quan hÖ
• Trong mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷, ®¹i tõ quan hÖ kh«ng bao giõo dïng what.
• That dïng thay cho c¶ ng−êi, vËt, n¬i chèn vµ thêi gian, kh«ng bao giê ®−îc
dïng giíi tõ tr−íc that.
Ex: The girl for whom I care is Hang.
The girl that I care for is Hang.
• V trong mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷ ®−îc chia theo danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ®øng tr−íc ®¹i
tõ quan hÖ.
Ex: I who am your darling will never love anyoneelse.
I who have nothing.
• MÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷ kh«ng ph¶i chØ bæ nghÜa cho danh tõ ®øng tr−íc nã mµ
cßn bæ nghÜa cho c¶ ®¹i tõ (kÓ c¶ ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷ vµ chñ ng÷). Trong tr−êng
hîp cho ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷ vµ chñ ng÷ th× ®¹i tõ quan hÖ ®−îc dïng b×nh th−êng
mµ kh«ng phô thuéc vµo ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷ hay chñ ng÷ ®øng tr−íc.
Ex: For us who were there…( ®èi víi chóng t«i, nh÷ng ng−êi ë ®ã )
For me who love you.
• Trong mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷ kh«ng dïng what.
• Khi ®¹i tõ quan hÖ lµ t©n ng÷ th× cã thÓ bá ®¹i tõ ®ã trong c©u nãi b×nh
th−êng mµ kh«ng ®æi nghÜa. Qui t¾c nµy ¸p dông c¶ khi ®¹i tõ quan hÖ when
vµ why trong mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh ng÷.
Ex: I love the man is rich.
I don’t know the reason he comes here.
• §¹i tõ quan hÖ who ®−îc dïng c¶ cho t©n ng÷ vµ chñ ng÷.
• §¹i tõ quan hÖ whom chØ dïng cho t©n ng÷ vµ chøc n¨ng kh¸c.
Ex: There are 10 students in my class.
6 of whom are girls.
• Th«ng th−êng which ®−îc dïng thay cho vËt nh−ng khi cã giíi tõ ®øng tr−íc
th× nã ®−îc dïng thay cho c¶ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn (when, where).
• Whose : tÝnh tõ quan hÖ ®−îc dïng cho c¶ ng−êi vµ vËt trong mÖnh ®Ò ®Þnh
ng÷.
Ex: The city whose population is 2,7 million is HN.
 Formation of the adjective

1/ N + Pi = Adj.

Note: Pi : Vt

Ex: Rise exporting countries.

Adj + N

Countries t¸c ®éng ®Õn rise th«ng qua hnµh ®éng exporrt.

NÕu ®æi ng−îc l¹i : Countries export rise.

Ex: peace-loving people.

Peace-helping man.

N th−êng ë d¹ng sè Ýt kÓ c¶ mang nghÜa sè nhiÒu ngo¹i trõ nh÷ng tõ b¶n th©n ®·
mang nghÜa sè nhiÒu.

2/ N + Pii = Adj ( ng−îc víi 1).

Note: Pii: Vt.

N ë d¹ng sè Ýt hoÆc sè nhiÒu.

Ex: State-controled economy: nÒn kinh tÕ d−íi sù ®iÒu tiÕt cña nhµ n−íc.

State-owned enteprises : Doanh nghiÖp nhµ n−íc.

Woman-headed family.

Household-based economy: nÒn kinh tÕ hé gia ®×nh.

Home-made good: hµnd néi.

3/ Adj + N(+ed) = Adj.

Ex: Golden-eye people: nh÷ng ng−êi cã tr¸i tim vµng.

Black-eyed girl: c« g¸i cã ®«i m¾t ®en.

Free-handed: hµo phãng, hoang phÝ, vung tay, qu¸ tr¸n.

Short-sighted : cËn thÞ.

Iron-handed: bµn tay thÐp.

Among-blind one eyed man is the King.

Many-sided relation: Mèi quan hÖ nhiÒu mÆt.

One-sided love.

High-priced eat out: C¬m bôi gi¸ cao.

Open-mined: T− t−ëng cë më.

4/ Adj + N = Adj.

N kh«ng dïng ë sè nhiÒu.

Ex: High quality Vietnamese good.

Small-side company: XN quy m« nhá.

N thuéc vÒ quy m«, chÊt l−îng, ®é lín khi ghÐp kh«ng thªm ed .

Open-door policy.

Free-market economy.

5/ N + Adj = Adj.

Ex: World wide: kh¾p thÕ giíi.

Nation wide. Love thirsty.

Snow white. Power hungry.

6/ Adv + Pi = Adj.

Pi : Vt.

Adv bæ nghÜa hîp lý cho Pi.

Ex: hard working ng−îc l¹i lµ work hard.

Fast growing countries.

7/ Adv + Pii = Adj.

Pii: Vt.

Adv bæ nghÜa hîp lý cho Pii.

Ex: highly-industrilize.

Newly-manied.

Carefully-repared.

Well-educated.

Well-qualified.
8/ Sè tõ ( sè ®Õm) + N = Adj.

N ë sè Ýt.

2 years. 5 star hotel.

9/ Sè tõ ( sè ®Õm) + N + Adj t−¬ng øng víi N = Adj.

N ë sè Ýt.

2 years old boy. 5 meter deep river.

10/ N + less = Adj ng−îc nghÜa víi N.

N ë sè Ýt.

Ex: Homeless, careless, lowless, landless, heartless( v« t©m, tµn nhÉn).

11/ V + able = Adj.

V th−êng lµ Vt.

Ex: eatable, respectable.

Note: khi thªm able vµo sau V:

• V ng¾n cã tËn cïng lµ 1 phô ©m, tr−íc ®ã lµ mét nguyªn ©m th× ph¶i nh©n
®èi phô ©m ®ã lªn tr−íc khi thªm “able

Ex: Stoppable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ mét e c©m, tr−íc e lµ mét phô ©m th× ph¶i bá e tr−íc khi
thªm able.

Ex: Lovable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ e kh«ng c©m ( vÉn ®äc ) th× kh«ng ®−îc bá e.

Ex: Agreeable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ e, tr−íc e cã g,c th× kh«ng ®−îc bá e.

Ex: Changeable. Replaceable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ e, tr−íc e lµ u th× ph¶i bá e.

Ex: Arguable. Continuable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ l th× ph¶i nh©n ®«i l tr−íc khi thªm able ( kiÓu Anh) hoÆc
kh«ng cÇn ( Mü ).

Ex: Controllable hoÆc Controlable.

• V cã tËn cïng lµ c th× ph¶i thªm k vµo tr−íc able.

Ex: traffickable.

12/ Non + Adj = Adj.

• Non + Adj : sö dông víi nh÷ng Adj kh«ng cã tÝnh tõ phñ ®Þnh hoÆc cã nh−ng
nghÜa kh¸c víi Adj gèc.

Ex: formal non-formal informal.

• Non + N :

Ex : state non-state non-public non-school.

13/ Ever + Adj = Adj.

Ever : ngµy cµng, m·i m·i.

Adj : gåm c¸c lo¹i.

Ex: evergrowning, evergreen, evergreater.

14/ Adj + ever = Adj.

Ever : tõ tr−íc ®Õn nay.

Adj : So s¸nh cao nhÊt, sè thø tù.

Ex: She is the first ever girl I’ve ever seen.

She is the bost ever student…

15/ Sè tõ ( sè ®Õm) + fold(lÇn) = Adj.

Ex: Two fold (adj,adv) kh¸c víi two times (adv)

2 lÇn

16/ N + sick = Adj.

Homesick: nhí nhµ. Marningsick : èm nghÐn.

Lovesick : t−¬ng t−. airsick,trainsick, motorbikesick: say m¸y bay, tµu, xe.

17/ Anti (chèng) + N = Adj.

Ex: anti-US.

18/ Inter + Adj = Adj. ( liªn, xuyªn, lÉn nhau)

Inter + N = Adj.
Ex: Inter-continentalinter-state: gi÷a c¸c n−íc cã quan hÖ

Inter-related.

19/ Intra (liªn) + Adj = Adj.

Intra (liªn) + N = Adj.

20/ Trans + N = Adj ( mang tÝnh chÊt trªn toµn bé bÒ mÆt).

21/ Multi + Adj = Adj.

Multi + N (khi N kh¸c nghÜa víi adj) = Adj.

Multi + Ved = Adj.

Ex: multi-form multi-fated.

22/ N + like = Adj ( gièng nh−, cã d¹ng).

23/ N + some = Adj.

Ex:Ventureome Worrisome

24/ N + ful = Adj.

N + ly = Adj.

Mang nghÜa cña danh tõ ®ã.

Ex: careful, menly.

§Æc biÖt víi N chØ ng−êi ®Æc biÖt trong gia ®×nh: motherly, friendly,neighboorhood.

25/ TiÓu tõ + Pi = Adj.

Adverial particle: tiÓu tõ ( tiÓu tr¹ng tõ.

Lµm thay ®æi nghÜa cña tõ gèc, h−íng cña hµnh ®éng.

Ex: Out-standing: xuÊt chóng.

Out-standing loan: nî khã ®ßi.

Out-standing problem : vÊn ®Ò næi cém.

Up-going out-going

Up-coming in-coming.

26/ N + y = Adj.

N: ®Æc biÖt víi tõ chØ thêi tiÕt.

Ex: rainy, windy, foggy, stormy.

27/ Adj + ish = Adj.

Adj : ®Æc biÖt lµ adj chØ mµu s¾c, khi ®ã tõ ®ã chØ mµu s¾c thÊp h¬n.

Ex: reddish: ®o ®á.

Whitish: ngµ ngµ. Bluish: xanh xanh.

28/ Adj ®−îc t¹o b»ng mét c©u hoÆc mét phrase nÕu gi÷a c¸c thµnh phÇn trong
®ã cã dÊu (-) hoÆc trong ngoÆc kÐp. Lo¹i Adj nµy chØ ®øng tr−íc N mµ nã bæ
nghÜa.

Note : NÕu trong Adj cã ®éng tõ nguyªn d¹ng th× ®Ó nguyªn kh«ng cã to .

Ex: “ Bleed VN ” policy.

“ 3 clean ” movement.

§¶o ng÷ Invesion

§¶o ng÷ lµ mét hiÖn t−îng ng÷ ph¸p ®¶o trËt tù th«ng th−êng cña c©u. BiÓu hiÖn cô
thÓ lµ ®¶o ®éng tõ ®· ®−îc chia hoÆc tõ ®iÒu khiÓn lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷ nh»m nhÊn
m¹nh, phñ ®Þnh, h¹n chÕ nghÜa.

Tõ ®iÒu khiÓn gåm cã:

• Trî ®éng tõ.

• §éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu.

1/ Theo quy t¾c trªn th× tÊt c¶ c¸c c©u hái ®Òu lµ ®¶o ng÷

2/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn khi Never ®øng ®Çu c©u nh»m môc ®Ých nhÊn
m¹nh phñ ®Þnh.

Ex: Never in my life shall I forget the first kisses given by her in my first love.

§¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn b»ng c¸ch chuyÓn tõ ®iÒu khiÓn lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷.

3/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn b»ng c¸ch dïng tõ ®iÒu khiÓn khi Only ®Æt ë ®Çu
c©u bæ nghia cho tr¹ng tõ.

Quy t¾c nµy ¸p dông khi “Only” bæ nghÜa trùc tiÕp cho chñ ng÷ trong nh÷ng tr−êng
hîp sau:

A/ Trong c©u cã mét mÖnh ®Ò th× ®¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn ë ®óng mÖnh ®Ò ®ã.

Ex: Only when loving me can you know how kind I will be to you.
B/ Trong c©u cã hai mÖnh ®Ò th× ®¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ( mÖnh ®Ò
®øng sau).

Ex: Only when we are married, can you do whatt you want.

4/ Hardly had when

No sooner than

C¶ hai cÊu tróc nµy ®Òu cã nghÜa lµ ngay sau khi ... th× ...

C¶ hai ®Òu chØ dïng ë th× qu¸ khø. Sau had dïng qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh. Sau when/
than dïng qu¸ khø th−êng.

Ex: Hardly had she got married when her old flame returned from the front.

No sooner had the August Revolution been successful than own countries faced 6
enemies.

5/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn khi tr¹ng tõ ®−îc ®Æt lªn ®Çu c©u nh»m môc ®Ých
nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch ®¶o th¼ng V- ®· chia lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷.

Quy t¾c nµy kh«ng ¸p dông khi chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x−ng.

Ex: Above all is my darling.

After spring comes( is) the summer.

In the central HN is the Restored Sward Lake.

6/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn b»ng c¸ch chuyÓn to be lªn tr−íc chñ ng÷ khi
ph©n tõ I ®−îc ®Æt lªn ®Çu c©u nh»m môc ®Ých nhÊn m¹nh ( kh«ng cã t¸c dông
biÓu hiÖn thêi).

Quy t¾c nµy kh«ng ¸p dông khi chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x−ng.

Ex: Sitting in front of me is Chi. Playing all not except anything is pupil.

7/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn theo quy t¾c 6 khi Pii ®øng ë ®Çu c©u nh»m môc
®Ých nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch ®¶o to be .

Ex : Included in this letter is all the selfless love I have devoted to you so far.

Killed during the attack on America mainly are innocent civilians.

8/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn khi Many a ®øng ë ®Çu c©u víi t− c¸ch lµ tr¹ng
ng÷ hoÆc t©n ng÷ b»ng c¸ch dïng tõ ®iÒu khiÓn.

Many a + N ( Sè Ýt )

Ex: Many a time have I come to see her.

Many a time have I said the word of love to her but in vain.

9/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn b»ng c¸ch dïng tõ ®iÒu khiÓn nh− In vain ®Æt ë
®Çu c©u mang nghÜa phñ ®Þnh.

Ex: In vain, do you try to be promoted because those who are hard-working but not
taskful enough to be promoted.

In vain does sb think that …

10/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn khi little ®−îc ®Æt lªn ®Çu c©u b»ng c¸ch dïng
tõ ®iÒu khiÓn.

Ex: Little have I known about the person I love.

11/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn khi No longer ®Æt ë ®Çu c©u nh»m nhÊn m¹nh
phñ ®Þnh b»ng c¸ch dïng tõ ®iÒu khiÓn.

Ex: No longer have we been worried about poverty up to now.

No longer does our student life remain but each of us considers it the most …

No longer has the war existed …

12/ §¶o ng÷ ®−îc thùc hiÖn trong cÊu tróc:

Not only MÖnh ®Ò But also mÖnh ®Ò. b»ng c¸ch dïng tõ ®iÒu khiÓn.
• Time and tide wait for no man: Thêi • Add fuel to the fire: §æ thªm dÇu
gian cã chê ®îi ai. vµo löa.

• Sound in win and limb: C¬ thÓ cßn • As agile as a monkey: Nhanh nh−
sung søc ( ®ïa cît). c¾t.

• Sow one’s wild oats (he sowed all • As ageless as the sun: TrÎ m·i
his wild oats before he married): kh«ng giµ.
Ch¬i bêi tr¸c t¸ng.
• MÆt dµy mµy d¹n: As bold as brass.
• Sow the wind, reap the whirlwind :
• As blind as a bat(a mole): Mï tÞt.
Gieo giã gÆt b·o.
• As busy as a bee: BËn nh− ong kiÕn.
• To get (take) the wrong sow by the
ear: R©u «ng nä c¾m c»m bµ kia.
• As calm as a cat: £m nh− mÌo.
• Omittance is not quittance: Quªn
• As chance would it have: Mét c¸ch
ch−a ®ßi ch−a ph¶i lµ tho¸t (nî).
t×nh cê.
• On (at) the Greek calends: Kh«ng
• As changeable as the weather: Hay
®êi nµo.
thay ®æi nh− thêi tiÕt.
• On the bread-line: NghÌo rít mång
• As clean as a new pin (a whistle):
t¬i.
S¹ch nh− chïi.
• On good authority: Theo 1 nguån
• As a favour: Kh«ng mÊt tiÒn.
®¸ng tin cËy.
• As bitter as a gall: §¾ng nh− mËt.
• On (with) the word: Võa nãi lµ lµm
ngay. • As brave as a lion: Can ®¶m nh− s−
tö.
• On a hiding to nothing: Ch¼ng cã c¬
may hµnh ®éng. • As against some thing: Tr¸i víi.
• On (under) false pretences: B»ng • As a general thing: Nãi chung,
c¸ch lõa ®¶o. th«ng th−êng.
• On business: Cã viÖc. • As bright as a button: Kh«n ngoan
nh¹y bÐn.
• On somebody’s tail: B¸m ®u«i ai.
• As clear as day (the sun at
• On some body’s track: §uæi theo ai.
noonday): Râ nh− ban ngµy.
• On the brink of the grave: KÒ miÖng
• As plain as a pikestaff (the nose on
lç.
one’s face): Râ nh− ban ngµy.
• As cross as two sticks: Tøc ®iªn lªn.
• As drunk as a sow: Say bÝ tØ.
• As dry as a bone: Kh« nh− ngãi.
• As dry as a chip: Nh¹t nh− n−íc èc.
• As dumb as an oyster: C©m nh− hÕn.
• As concern: §èi víi, vÒ viÖc.
• As cool as a cucumber: B×nh tÜnh
kh«ng hÒ nao nóng.
• As dead as a dodo: HÕt hiÖu lùc, hÕt
gi¸ trÞ.
• As deat as an adder (a beetle, a
stone, a doorpost): §iÕc ®Æc ®iÕc lßi.
• As different as chalk and cheese:
Kh¸c h¼n nhau.
• As easy as anything: DÔ v« cïng.
• As firm as rock( as firm/ solid as a
rock): V÷ng nh− bµn th¹ch.
• As fresh as a daisy: T−¬i nh− hoa.
• As full as an egg: ChËt nh− nªm.
• As good/well as the next man: B×nh
th−êng nh− mäi ng−êi.
• As quiet as a mouse: Im lÆng nh− tê.
• As red as a beetroot: §á nh− gÊc.
• As rich as Croesus/a Jew : Giµu nh−
Th¹ch Sïng.
• As secret as the grave: KÝn nh−
b−ng.
• As happy as a clam: S−íng r¬n.
• As often as not ( more often than
not): Lu«n lu«n, rÊt hay.
• As quick as thought/ a
flash/lightning: Nhanh nh− chíp.
• As full pelt: V¾t ch©n lªn cæ mµ
ch¹y.
• As sound as a roach: M¹nh nh− tr©u
l¨n.
• As sound as a bell: Trong t×nh tr¹ng
tuyÖt h¶o.
• As sure as a gun: Ch¾c nh− ®inh
®ãng cét.
• As thin as a lath: GÇy nh− que.
• As thick as two short planks: §Çu
®Êt.
• As vain as a speacock: D−¬ng d−¬ng
tù ®¾c.
• As well be hanged for a sheep as for
a lamb: ®· trãt th× ph¶i trÐt.
• As a time: KÕ tiÕp nhau.
• As the crow flies: th¶ng t¾p, theo
®−êng chim bay.
• As surly ( sulky/cross) as a bear: G¾t
nh− m¾m t«m.
• At the back of one’s mind: trong
th©m t©m, trong ®¸y lßng.
• At first hand: trùc tiÕp.
• At first view: tho¹t nh×n.
• At one’s wits’end: v« ph−¬ng cøu
ch÷a.
• A word in (out of) lêi nãi ®óng
(kh«ng ®óng) lóc.
• A bird in the hand is worth than two
in the bush [never quit certainly for
hope]: Kh«ng nªn th¶ måi b¾t bãng.
• At the end of the day: Sau khi c©n
nh¾c kü l−ìng.
• At times: ThØn tho¶ng, ®«i lóc.
• At the expense of one’s life: tr¶ gi¸
b»ng sinh mÖnh cña m×nh.
• At the outside: tèi ®a lµ (it is 4
kilometers at the outside).
• At the snail’s pace: chËm nh− sªn,
rÊt chËm.
• At (the) worst: Trong tr−êng hîp
xÊu nhÊt.
• Avoid some body like the plaque:
tr¸nh ai nh− tr¸nh hñi.
• Babes in the wood: Nh÷ng ng−êi c¶
tin.
• Babes and sucklings: Nh÷ng ng−êi
míi vµo nghÒ ch−a cã kinh nghiÖm.
• Be (a) parly to do sth: tham gia, ñng
hé, hoÆc biÕt vÒ.
• Business is busines: Qu©n ph¸p bÊt
vÞ th©n.
• No fool like an old fool: Giµ ch¬i
trèng bái.
• Birds of feather flock together: Ng−u
tÇm ng−u, m· tÇm m·.
• Be a/no stranger to some thing:
L¹/kh«ng l¹ víi c¸i g×.
• Be all talk: ChØ ®−îc c¸i nãi xu«ng.
• Be at the same boat: Cïng héi cïng
thuyÒn.
• Be yourself: H·y bÜnh tÜnh, tù nhiªn.
• Beggars must (should) be no
choosers: ¡n mµy cßn ®ßi x«i gÊc.
• Better late than never : Muén cßn
h¬n kh«ng.
• Better be the head of a dog than the
tail of a lion: §Çu gµ h¬n ®u«i voi.
• Better luck next time: Thua keo nµy
ta bµy keo kh¸c.
• Behind time: ChËm, muén, trÔ.
• Behind the times: Cò rÝch, cæ lç.
• Behind closed doors: kÝn, kh«ng
c«ng khai.
• To know sth/sb as a person knows
ten finger; to know sth/sb as a
beggar knows his bag: BiÕt râ ai/ c¸i
g× râ nh− lßng bµn tay.
• Be of the same mind (about sth/sb):
nhÊt trÝ, cïng ý kiÕn.
• Be cat’s whiskers/pyjamas (he
thinks he’s the cat’s pyjamas-anh Êy
cho m×nh lµ ng−êi cao kiÕn): lµ
ng−êi, vËt, thø tèt nhÊt.
• Be at one (with sth/sb): §ång ý víi.
• Better/worse still: ThËm chÝ cßn tèt
h¬n/ tåi h¬n.
• Between the devil and the deep sea
(Between (on) the horns of a
dilemma): TiÕn tho¸i l−ìng nan; ®i
m¾c nói vÒ m¾c s«ng.
• Between the beetle and the block:
trªn ®e d−íi bóa.
• Between hammer and anvil: trªn ®e
d−íi bóa.
• Between Scylla and Charybdis (Out
of the frying-pan into the fire):
Tr¸nh vá d−a gÆp vá dõa.
• Between the cup and the lip a morsel
may slip: MiÕng ¨n ®Õn miÖng råi cã
thÓ cßn r¬i.
• Between wind and water: §Çu sãng
ngän giã.
• Between you and me and the
bedpost /gate-post: ChØ cã hai ta biÕt
víi nhau th«i.
• Betwixt and between: Nöa nä nöa
kia.
• Beyond/past/without compare:
Kh«ng thÓ so s¸nh, kh«ng thÓ b×
®−îc.
• Beyond/past/without redemption: V«
ph−¬ng cøu ch÷a.
• Beyond the veil: ë thÕ giíi bªn kia.
• Beyond/without controversy: kh«ng
cßn nghi ngê g× n÷a, kh«ng cÇn ph¶i
tranh luËn.
• Beyond reason: Phi lý, v« lý.
• Big/tall/huge/large oaks from little
acoms grow: C¸i sÈy n¶y c¸i ung.
• Burnt child dreads the fire: Chim
ph¶i tªn sî c©y cong.
• There is no smoke without fire:
Kh«ng cã löa lµm sao cã khãi.
• Be put to fire and sword: Trong c¶nh
n−íc s«i löa báng.
• Idleness is the source of all evil:
Nhµn c− vi bÊt thiÖn.
• Set the Thames on fire: lµm nh÷ng
viÖc linh thiªn ®éng ®Þa.
• Have many irons in the fire: KhÐo
xoay së.
• Business as usual: Mäi viÖc ®©u sÏ
vµo ®Êy.
• Breathe fire and brimstone: Næi c¬n
tam bµnh.
• By fair means or foul (by hook or by
crock): b»ng mäi ph−¬ng c¸ch; b»ng
tr¨m ph−¬ng ngh×n kÕ.
• Can’t make head or tail of: Kh«ng
hiÓu ®Çu ®u«i ra sao.
• Lose hook, line and sinker: MÊt c¶
ch× lÉn chµi.
• Hunger is the best relish: §ãi ¨n g×
còng ngon.
• I have told him twenty times: T«i ®·
nãi víi nã nhiÒu lÇn.
• I have know him since he was in
petticoats: T«i biÕt anh ta tõ khi anh
ta cßn mÆc quÇn thñng ®Ýt.
• I eat my hat: T«i sÏ ®i lén ®Çu xuèng
®Êt.
• I’m a Dutchman if I do: T«i mµ lµm
th× cø chÆt ®Çu t«i ®i.
• If anything should happen to me:
NÕu t«i cã mÖnh hÖ g×.
• I(’ll) warrant you: T«i cam ®oan víi
anh.
• If the cap fits, wear it: Cã tËt giËt
m×nh.
• If you can’t beat them, join them:
Kh«ng th¾ng næi ®Þch thñ th× b¾t tay
víi hä cho råi.
• I’ll see you farther first: §õng hßng.
• I want to tell my own tale: T«i muèn
nãi lªn quan ®iÓm cña t«i vÒ vÊn ®Ò
®ã.
• If you dance, you must pay the
fiddler: Hay ¨n th× l¨n vµo bÕp
(Muèn ¨n c¸ th× ph¶i léi n−íc).
• If my memory serves me right: NÕu
t«i kh«ng nhÇm.
• In a big way: Trong ph¹m vi lín,
trªn b×nh diÖn réng.
• In a calm sea, every man is a pilot:
Löa thö vµng, gian nan thö søc.
• In smooth water(s): ThuËn buåm
xu«i giã.
• In the declension of years: Lóc vÒ
giµ.
• In the egg: Trong trøng n−íc, trong
giai ®o¹n ph«i thai.
• In the eye of the law: §øng vÒ mÆt
ph¸p lý.
• In the eyes of: Theo con m¾t cña.
• In the flesh: B»ng x−¬ng b»ng thÞt.
• In the flush of victories: Thõa th¾ng
x«ng lªn.
• In the kingdom of the blind, the one-
eyed man is the king: Chét lµm vua
xø mï.
• In the last analysis: Suy cho cïng,
nghÜ cho cïng.
• In the line of the duty: Trong khi thi
hµnh nhiÖm vô.
• In the prime of life: Lóc tuæi thanh
xu©n.
• In the public eye: Tr−íc m¾t c«ng
chóng.
• In the twinkling of an eye: Trong
chíp m¾t.
• It does not amount to a row of beau
(pins): Kh«ng ®¸ng mét xu.
• It is the long lane that has no
turning: Qua c¬n bÜ cùc ®Õn håi th¸i
lai.
• It is the six of one and half a dozen
of the other: KÎ t¸m l¹ng, ng−êi nöa
c©n.
• It doesn’t grow an every hedge: C¸i
®ã hiÕm thÊy.
• It is not coat that makes the
gentleman: §õng nh×n vÎ bÒ ngoµi.
• It is the last straw that breaks the
camel’s back: Giµ nÐo ®øt d©y.
• It never rains but it pours: Phóc bÊt
trïng lai, häa v« ®¬n chÝ.
• It rains cats and dogs: Trêi m−a nh−
trót.
• It sticks in my craw: Dao s¾c kh«ng
gät ®−îc chu«i, t«i kh«ng thÓ nµo
nuèt t«i ®−îc.
• It takes two to do sth: T¹i anh t¹i ¶,
t¹i c¶ ®«i bªn.
• Well began is half done: §Çu xu«i
®u«i lät, khëi ®Çu tèt lµ lµm xong
®−îc mét nöa.
• It is a small world: Qu¶ ®Êt trßn.
• It is an ill bird that fouls its own
nest: Ch¶ng hay g× v¹ch ¸o cho
ng−êi xem l−ng.
• It is our baby: §ã lµ viÖc cña chóng
t«i.
• Let bygones be bygones: H·y ®Ó cho
dÜ v·ng tr«i vÒ dÜ v·ng.
• Let the dead bury the dead: H·y ®Ó
cho qu¸ khø ch«n vïi qu¸ khø.
• Let sleeping dogs lie: §õng bíi cøt
ra mµ ngöi.
• Let every stub stand on its own
bottom: Ai lo phËn ng−êi Êy.
• Life hung by a threat: TÝnh mÖnh
nh− treo ®Çu sîi tãc.
• Like a duck to water: Nh− c¸ gÆp
n−íc.
• Like water off a duck’s back: N−íc
®æ ®Çu vÞt.
• Like a fish out of water: Nh− c¸ lªn
c¹n.
• Like a knife through the butter: DÔ
nh− trë bµn tay.
• Like father like son: Cha nµo con
nÊy, hæ phô sinh hæ tö.
• Like master like man: ThÇy nµo tí
nÊy.
• Like cures like: LÊy ®éc trÞ ®éc.
• Like return like for like: LÊy ¬n tr¶
¬n, lÊy o¸n tr¶ o¸n.
• Like nothing on the earth: Kú qu¸i,
ch¼ng gièng ai.
• Like glue and varnish: DÝnh nh− keo
víi s¬n.
• Like rabbits in a warren: §«ng nh−
kiÕn cá.
• Little chips light great fires: C¸i sÈy
n¶y c¸i ung.
• Lock the stable door after the horse
has bolted: MÊt bß míi lo lµm
chuång.
• Look before you leap: ¡n cã nhai,
nãi cã nghÜ.
• Lookers-on see most the game:
Ng−êi ngoµi bao giê còng s¸ng suèt
h¬n.
• Love me love my dog: Yªu t«i yªu
c¶ con chã cña t«i.
• Make oneself at home: Tù nhiªn nh−
ë nhµ.

• Make the hay while the sun shines:

TËn dông thêi c¬ thuËn lîi.

• Make a song and dance (about sth):

Lµm om sßm Çm Ü vÒ c¸i g×.

• Two heads are better than one: Ba

«ng thî da b»ng Gia C¸t L−îng.

• Make a mountain out of a molehill [

much cry and little wool]: ChuyÖn
bÐ xÐ ra to.

• Many a little makes a mickle: TÝch

tiÓu thµnh ®¹i, kiÕn tha l©u ®Çy tæ.

• Measure for measure: ¡n miÕng tr¶

miÕng.

• Meat and drink to sb: Lµ niÒm h¹nh

phóc cña.

• More dead than alive: BÊt tØnh nh©n

sù, thõa sèng thiÕu chÕt.

• More or less: Kh«ng Ýt th× nhiÒu.

• More prise than pudding: Cã tiÕng

mµ kh«ng cã miÕng.

• More than enough: Qu¸ ®ñ.

• More than ever: H¬n bao giê hÕt.

• Mutton dressed as/like lamb: C−a

sõng lµm nghÐ.

• My cake is dough: ViÖc cña t«i háng

bÐt råi.