MOBILE CRANES

Types of Cranes

• Mobile
• Hydraulic
• Overhead
• Gantry
• Tower
 Types of Cranes
Knuckle-boom cranes Crawler cranes
 Types of Cranes
Locomotive cranes Wheel-mounted cranes
 Types of Cranes
Rough-terrain cranes Commercial truck-mounted
 Types of Cranes
Boom truck cranes Carrydeck cranes
 Types of Cranes
Cranes on a monorail Tower cranes
 Types of Cranes
Self Erecting Tower crane Tower Crawler Crane
 Types of Cranes
Pedestal cranes Overhead & Gantry cranes
RINGER ATTACHMENT
SIDE BOOM
 CRAWLER VS HYDRAULIC CRANE
1. Both cranes have the fundamental parts of a crane. The
most important feature of a hydraulic crane is its hydraulic
system which enables the crane to move while the crawler
crane features the track and propulsion system.
2. The hydraulic crane is usually in the form of a hydraulic truck
crane while the crawler crane is a type of crane in itself.
3. As part of the mobile cranes, the hydraulic truck crane can
either have railroad wheels or caterpillar tracks for means for
transport while the crawler crane only has the caterpillar
tracks.
4. Crawler cranes are considered to be heavier and larger than
hydraulic cranes. They also needed to be assembled for use
and its reverse process after use.
5. Crawler cranes are very useful in rough areas or on uneven
ground while the hydraulic truck crane is better on even
surfaces.
6. The crawler crane has more stability and mobility compared
to the hydraulic truck crane.
Managing Mobile Crane Inspection
 Inspection Requirements for Mobile
Cranes
• Law requirement concerning mobile crane
inspections
• Crane inspection types
• Inspection records
• How to conduct a mobile crane inspection
• Basic crane inspection component list
Law Requirements Concerning Crane
Inspections
• Competent Person needs to do inspection
• Correct any deficiencies immediately
• Maintain inspection records
 Crane Inspection Types
Frequent
• Daily to monthly intervals.
• Performed at the start of each shift.
• Focuses on components that may change from day to day.
Periodic
• 1 to 3 month intervals.
• Includes items listed in the daily inspection as well as; structural
defects, excessive wear, and hydraulic or air leaks.
Annual (Statutory Inspection)
• Every 15 month intervals.
• Refer to Regulation 17, Notification, Certification Of Fitness and
Inspection.
 Crane Inspection Records
• Date of Inspection
• Signature of person conducting inspection
• Serial number; or other identifier
Conducting a Mobile Crane Inspection
Consider the following when inspecting cranes:
• Request for and review all inspection and maintenance
documents.
• Conduct a walk-around.
• Ask the operator, ground crew (riggers), and/or
supervisors appropriate questions.
• Check crane set up and stability.
• Pre-Inspection
– Operator
– Qualifications
– Crane Records
Conducting a Mobile Crane Inspection
• Crane Setup • Load Charts
– Leveling – Availability
– Outriggers – Correct Use
– Stability
– Structural Integrity
 Crane Inspection Components

• Manufacturers' • Sheaves
manuals • Drum lagging and
• Exposed moving parts flanges
• Swing radius • Boom assembly
• High voltage warning • Hooks
signs • Hydraulic hoses &
• Boom stops fittings
• Jib stops • Outriggers
• Boom angle indicators • Load charts
• Boom hoist disconnects • Wire rope (running &
• Anti-two blocking standing)
device • Operator's
• Hydraulic functions compartment
• Leveling • Access ladders
Manufacturer's Operating and
Maintenance Manuals
Log Book and Crane Manual Operation
It is standard practice of the
crane owner to provide a log
book with crane manual .This
log book is aimed at
maintaining the records
related to crane like
maintenance schedule,
operating hours , oil change
and other important
information which is found
feasible by crane supervisor to
maintain for future reference .
 Identification and Capacity
The manufacturer must issue a Test Certificate for every
crane he produces, identifying it and specifying the Safe
Working Load (SWL) which must be clearly marked on
the Crane structure.

Safe Working Load

Identification
Number
Check that the Tyres / Tracks are at the correct
pressure and in good, clean condition.
Crawler Tracks
Crawler Tracks
Turntable
 ROTATION BEARING

Rotation gear
Rotation ring

Mounting holes

Seal

Holes spaced for uniform load

Grease fitting

Bearing spacer
Ball bearing
Bearing raceway
CRACKED STRUCTURAL WELD
Operator's Compartment
Cabin
Cabin
Load Chart
Load-Rating Chart
Load Chart
and Others
Related
Document
Fire Extinguisher/AML
 this crane’s window is badly cracked

Corrective Action: this crane must be taken

out of service until the window is replaced
 CARRIER
CRACKED
WELDS, LOOSE
BOLTS & OTHER
FRAME DAMAGE

ENGINE FLUIDS,
LEAKS, & LOOSE
TIRE COMPONENTS
DAMAGE
& PROPER
INFLATION PROPER
WORKING
DRIVE LIGHTS
TRAIN
 CAB AND TURRET
WINCH &
COMPONENTS,
WIRE ROPE
SPOOLING
WORKING
WINDSHIELD
WIPER

CRACKS &
LOOSE
BOLTS ON WEAR IN
WINCH BOOM CRACKED OR
MOUNTING HINGE BROKEN
PIN & CRACKS &
LOOSE CONDITION GLASS
BOSSES OF ROTAION
BOLTS IN
TURRET BEARING
FRAME & DRIVE
GEARS
 BOOM & TURRET INSPECTION
Slid

Head
Winch

e Pads

Welds
Pins & Bosses
Boom Hoist Disconnects
Boom stops
 BOOM
DEFORMATION IN
BOOM EXTENSION

WEAR IN
SHEAVES,
SLIDE PAD WEAR PINS,
HEAD
DEFORMATION
IN MAIN BOOM

CONDITION
OF JIB
EXTENSION WEAR IN
BLOCK &
WEAR IN HOIST HOOK
CYLINDER
PINS & BOSSES
Components of the Boom Assembly
Lattice Boom
Lattice Boom
Lattice Boom Connection
BOOM INSPECTION
 BOOM INSPECTION
A2B CABLE REEL MUST
OPERATE SMOOTHLY
INSPECT
BOOM FOR
DENTS OR
OTHER
DEFORMED
PARTS
INSPECT CONDITION
OF ELECTRICAL
CABLE

TEST THE A2B

JIB EARS MUST SWITCH FOR
BE STRAIGHT PROPER OPERATION
Boom Angle Indicators
Boom Angle Indicators
Anti-Two Block Switch
Anti-Two Block Devices
 Hydraulic System

Inspections
Deterioration or
leakage in air or
hydraulic systems
Hydraulic Hoses & Fittings
Hydraulic Functions
 OUTRIGGERS
LEAKS IN
HYDRAULIC HOSES
AND FITTINGS

CRACKED OR
DEFORMED
BROKEN CRACKED
PAD
KNUCKLE WELDS
BENT OR EXCESSIVE
DAMAGED PLAY IN
BEAM BEAMS
this crane’s outriggers are fully extended
and the crane is level; therefore, it is stable
Counterweight
 WINCH
INSPECT THE WINCH FREQUENTLY TO
ENSURE PROPER SPOOLING OF WIRE
ROPE ON THE DRUM POORLY
SPOOLED WIRE
ROPE CAN BE
DAMAGED BY
CRUSHING
AND/OR
SCUFFING

There must be a minimum of 2

wraps of wire on the drum
when ever the hook block is at
its lowest point
 INSPECTING SHEAVES
CHECK FLANGES
FOR CHIPS,
CRACKS, WEAR
CHECK
GROOVE
WEAR
CHECK BEARINGS
FOR WOBBLE,
GREASE, EASE OF
ROTATION
150º CONTACT

WORN GROVES MEASURE GROOVE PROPER SIZE GROOVE

Sheaves
Sheaves The grooves
must be smooth
and free from
surface
defects which
could cause
rope damage
 Hoisting Wire Rope
Five Main types of wire rope:
• Round Strand
• Flattened Strand
• Locked Coil
• Non Rotating
• Flat
Hoisting Wire Rope
 Rope discard

• Broken wires

• Decrease in diameter

• Corrosion

• Deformation and damage

 Rope discard

• Broken wires (randomly distributed; localised; internal/valley; at

termination)

Hidden broken wires: Valley breaks

 Rope discard
• Broken wires (randomly distributed; localised; internal/valley; at
termination)

5% randomly distributed broken wire in

a length of 10D or
Three randomly distributed broken
wires in one strand, in one rope lay.
 Rope discard
ASME 17.1 Wire Rope Replacement Criteria
On winding drum machines, the ropes shall be replaced

(a) if the broken wires are equally distributed among the strands, when the
number of broken wires per rope lay in the worst section of the rope exceeds
12 to 18

(b) if wire breaks predominate in one or two strand, when the number of broken
wires per rope lay in the worst section of rope exceeds 6 to 12

(c) if there is more than one valley break per rope lay.
Page 71
 Rope discard
• Decrease in diameter (uniform; localised)

Uniform

Localised
Decrease in diameter
 Decrease in diameter - Uniform

• Current
[Actual/measured decrease]
Single-layer and parallel-closed rope 10%
Rotation-resistant 3%

• Future revision
[Actual/measured decrease from
reference point]
Fibre core 10%
Steel core 7,5%
Rotation-resistant 4%
 Rope discard: Decrease in diameter

• Uniform decrease – normally associated with

rope running through a sheave and/or spooling
on a single-layer drum

• Local decrease – loss of core support; abrasion;

mechanical damage (e.g. at cross-over zones
when multi-layer coiling)
 Rope discard

• Corrosion (external; internal; fretting)

 Rope discard

• Deformation and damage (waviness; basket/birdcage; protrusion

of strand or core; protruding wire loops; local increase in diameter;
kinks; bends; heat or electric arcing)
 Rope discard

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

Crushed Rope

Broken Strands

77
 Rope discard

• Rope damage caused by multi layer drum winding

Wire Rope
 Rope discard
Kinked
 Rope discard
ASME 17.1 Wire Rope Replacement Criteria
On winding drum machines, the ropes shall be replaced

(a) if the broken wires are equally distributed among the strands, when the
number of broken wires per rope lay in the worst section of the rope exceeds
12 to 18

(b) if wire breaks predominate in one or two strand, when the number of broken
wires per rope lay in the worst section of rope exceeds 6 to 12

(c) if there is more than one valley break per rope lay.
Wire Rope Terminal
Wire Rope Terminal
Wire Rope Terminal

Wedge Socket
Wire Rope Terminal

X
 Wire Rope Terminal
Metal Capel
Wire Rope Terminal
Drum Lagging and Flanges
Wire Rope Clips
Wire Rope
 Fleet angle

Centre line
of drum

Centre line
of Sheave
 Bending The Rope Over A Curved Surface

• Normal curved surfaces that ropes are curved over

include sheaves, pins and other curved surfaces
• The rope is subjected to bending stress
• Reduces rope efficiency/nominal strength by a
certain percentage
• Efficiency depends upon the:
– D = Diameter of curved surface
– d = Nominal diameter of rope
 Bending The Rope Over A
Curved Surface
• Fiber-core 6 x 37 wire
rope, 1” in diameter
(d)
• Sheave with a 30”
diameter (D)
• D/d ratio is 30/1
• Efficiency is 95%
• Load Rating dropped
95% from 83,600 lb. To
79,420 lb.
 Example of a
SHEAVE
rope illustrating
the critical areas
for examination
and associated
defects

HOOK
BLOCK

DRUM
Page 94
Hook Block Inspection
 HOOK BLOCK
SHEAVE
GROOVE NOT
WORN, SHEAVES
SIDE PLATE TURN FREELY
BOLTS TIGHT
SIDE PLATES
STRAIGHT HOOK NUT
SHEAVE PIN TIGHT
& BEARING & THREADS
TIGHT INSPECTED
SAFETY LATCH PERIODICALLY
FUNCTIONING
SHEAVE PIN HOOK
KEEPER IN ROTATION &
PLACE AND CHECK FOR SWIVEL
TIGHT DISTORTIONS SMOOTH &
AND/OR WEAR TIGHT
 CRANE BLOCK
Wear & Deformation
Check for: Cracks &
 Wear Twisting
 Deformation
Throat
 Cracks & Sharp Nicks
Neck Opening
 Modifications
 Safety Latch
 Swivel Wear & Lubrication
 Hook shackle Mousing

Wear & Cracks

Bow
 CRANE BLOCK
THE WEIGHT & CAPACITY INSPECT THE CONDITION
OF THE BALL NEEDS TO BE OF THE HOOK FASTENERS
CLEARLY DISPLAYED

WHEN NOT IN USE, HOOK

BLOCKS REQUIRE PROPER
STORAGE
 Hook Block Inspection

the shackle has an improper

pin and the hook has a
broken safety latch

Corrective Action: replace both safety latch and shackle pin

Hook Block Inspection
Crane Hook Terminal
Machine Guarding
Belts, gears, shafts,
pulleys,
sprockets,
spindles,
drums, fly wheels,
chains, or other
reciprocating,
rotating, or
other
moving parts or
equipment shall
be guarded if
such parts are
exposed to contact
by employees.
 Machine Guarding
Exposed Moving Parts
 Fall Protection

Access General Area

Anti Slip Mat
Ladder Fencing
Access Ladder General Area
Fencing