3100P,3200 & 3300-HM

TRAINING COURSE
Presented By
Edgetech
Training Course Objectives
• Familiarize participants with underwater
acoustics
• Understand the applications of Sub-Bottom
Profiler
• Operate in the field (in at least the basic way)
the 3200-XS
• Interpret 3200-XS sonar records
• Conduct basic trouble shooting

Sep-16 3
 Training Course Topics

• UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS
• SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER DESCRIPTION
• 3200-XS THEORY OF OPERATION
• 3200/3100POPERATIONAL TRAINING
• TROUBLESHOOTING
• “AT SEA” TRAINING

Sep-16 4
UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS
• Basic Sonar Principles • Noise (Ambient, Self Made)
• Sound Transmit/Receive • Sound in Sediments
• Speed of Sound
• Spherical Spreading
• Absorption of Sound
• Refraction of Sound
• Reflection of Sound
• Backscatter (Reverberation)
• Time-Varied Gain

Sep-16 5
 Basic Sonar Principles
• Sonar (SOund Navigation And Ranging)
• Active Sonar

Sep-16 6
 Sound Transmit
• Vibration
• Frequency
• Source Level

Sep-16 7
 Sound Receive

• Type of Material
• Conversion to
electrical signals
• Pre-amplification
• Amplitude
• Frequency

Sep-16 8
 Speed of Sound

• 1500 meters per second

• Affected by temperature, salinity & pressure
• Different for sea water and sub-bottom

Sep-16 9
Spherical Spreading of Sound

• Spreading loss
• When it hits the sea
bottom
or surface, spreading
becomes
cylindrical

Sep-16 10
 Absorption of Sound

High Frequency Sound

• Vibrating molecules
• Viscosity
• Chemical
• Depends on Frequency Low Frequency Sound
of Sound

Sep-16 11
 Refraction of Sound
• Bending of a sound wave
towards a region of
slower sound speed
• Effects on imaging the
bottom

Sep-16 12
 Refraction of Sound

Sep-16 13
 Reflection of Sound
• Deflection of the path of a
sound wave by an object or
by the boundary between
two media

• Acoustic properties of the

boundaries…
• Similar = less reflection
• Dissimilar = more reflection

Sep-16 14
 Scattering of Sound

• Scattering affects the

distance sound can travel

• Amount of scattering…
• Size of scatter
• Wave length of sound

Sep-16 15
Noise (Ambient, Man Made)
• Traveling through the sea, an underwater
sound signal becomes delayed, distorted and
weakened, reflecting on boundaries of
underside surface of waves, bottom and
shores, bubbles, suspended particles and
marine life.

• Tide, current, temperature variances and

wind also play on a sound's final quality.

• Man made noise can also affect the results

Sep-16 16
Sep-16 17
 Time-Varied Gain

• (TVG) accurately controlled amplification

(gain) relative to time after transmission, used
to correct for transmission loss

Sep-16 18
 Sonar Equation

• EL = SL + TS - 2TL
• Where EL (echo level) is the level of the
reflected sound, SL (source level) is the level
of the incident sound, TS is target strength,
and 2 TL is two-way transmission loss due to
spreading and absorption.

Sep-16 19
What is a Sub-Bottom Profiler

• Seismic Reflection
• Sound Source
• Penetration
• Hydrophones
• Time of Travel

Sep-16 20
What is a Sub-Bottom Profiler

Sub-Bottom profiling systems identify and measure various sediment layers

that exist below the sediment/water interface.

The sound from the transmitter travels down to the seafloor. Some of
the sound reflects off the seafloor but some of the sound penetrates
the seafloor. The sound that penetrates the seafloor may also reflect
off layers of material within the seafloor. The reflected sounds travel
back up to the surface.

The time it takes the sound to return to the ship can be used to find
the thickness of the layers in the seafloor and their position. It also
gives some information about the composition of the layers.

Sep-16 21
What is a Sub-Bottom Profiler

Sep-16 22
What is a Sub-Bottom Profiler

Sep-16 23
 EdgeTech Full Spectrum

SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER SYSTEMS

Typical Sub-Bottom Configuration

• Tow Vehicle
– Transmitter
– Hydrophone
– Pre-Amp
• Tow Cable
• Amplifier
• Display Processor
– Video Display
– Mass Storage
– Printer

Sep-16 25
 3100P Portable Topside for inshore coastal
applications.

• System comes
complete with tow
cable, Laptop
processor and
DISCOVER SW

• 200 watt amplifier

• Processor running
sonar.exe in the
topside yellow box

• Wireless and LAN

connections

• 12-15 DC 120-240
AC input power

Sep-16 26
Sep-16 27
 Hull Mount

Sep-16 28
Sep-16 29
 Hull Mount

• Multiple Pings in Water

Column

• Depth Output
• 4 kW Option
• Heave Input

Sep-16 30
Selection of array size depends on several factors. For most
deployments to full ocean depth a 5 x 5 array will provide the needed
performance. A 2 x 2 array should be considered
only for coastal application. Several other variables should also be
taken into consideration.
•Water Depth
•Hull type and thickness
•Ship self-noise
•Ambient noise and Sea state
•Ship's speed and motion
Array Size SNR
2X2 28 dB
3X3 31 dB
4X4 34 dB
5X5 37 dB

Sep-16 31
Sep-16 32
 HULL Mount data sample

Sep-16 33
Uses of Sub-Bottom Profiler
• Geological Surveys • Cable And Pipeline
• Geotechnical Surveys Surveys
• Hazard Surveys • Archeological surveys
• Hydrographic Surveys • Mining & Dredging
• Environmental Site Surveys
Investigations • Scour & Erosion
• Sediment Surveys
Classification • Deep Water Profiling
(Hull Mounted System)
• Biological studies
Sep-16 34
Sub-Bottom Profiler Record Interpretation

• Transmit (T0)
• Bottom Echo
• Sub-Bottom
• Layers
• Multiples

Sep-16 35
Record Interpretation - Layers

• Detection
• Resolution
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Grey Scale Intensity
• Separation
• Hidden

Sep-16 36
Record Interpretation - Acoustic Shadows

• Hard Object
• Trapped Gas

Sep-16 37
• The images show three epics of Lake Champlain over the past 12,000 years.
• The topmost layer which you see most easily on the left-hand side of the image as a
horizontal capping of the subsurface layers has been deposited during the time period of
Lake Champlain from about 9000 years to present. What is so interesting about these more
horizontal layers on the left-hand side of the image is that they represent a massive erosional
discontinuity due to a lowering of the Lake level at the end of the Champlain sea era (see
below).
• One can also see a lot of newer Lake Champlain sediments draped over the undulating
Champlain sea sediments in the right hand side of the image.
• Below that uppermost layer, is a beautifully layered sequence with a transparent layer near
the bottom of it. This was deposited during a time period that the region was actually a
saltwater body called the Champlain sea.
• Below that, the third layer which has a very dark top was deposited during the glacial epic
known as Lake Vermont some 12,000 to 10,500 years ago.

3100P/216 data

Sep-16 38
Record Interpretation - Targets

• Pipelines
• Known
Objects
• Unknown
Objects

Sep-16 39
Record Interpretation - Distortions

• Multi-Path
• Direct Path
• Side Echos
• Point Source Reflections

Sep-16 40
 Record Interpretation

Sep-16 41
 Record Interpretation

Sep-16 42
 Record Interpretation

Sep-16 43
 Record Interpretation

Sep-16 44
 Record Interpretation

Sep-16 45
Pipe Line Crossing
 Edgetech Full Spectrum
SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER SYSTEMS

Sep-16 46
Distortions - Multi-Path

Sep-16 47
Distortions - Direct Path & Water
Surface Reflections

Sep-16 48
Distortions - Point Source Reflections

(Side Echo)

Sep-16 49
Record Interpretation - Resolution

The vertical resolution of an imaging system is measured by its ability to

separate closely spaced objects.

In other words, to detect discrete echoes returning from the interfaces

between layers or targets on the seafloor. The
vertical resolution of an acoustic sub-bottom profiler refers to the
minimum distance that can be visually distinguished in the image
produced by the system. A sonar system with a 10 cm resolution will
resolve layers that are at least 10 cm apart.

Sep-16 50
Record Interpretation - Resolution
Horizontal resolution:

The foot print of the pulse affects the horizontal resolution.

For instance: The 216SB tow fish 2-10 KHz pulse is 24° cone
We can solve the right triangle and determine the radius of the cone
by the formula R = H * tan(12)
The data was collected with the tow fish 15 meters of the bottom.
R = 15 * tan(12)
The radius of the cone is 3.188 meters so the diameter is 6.376 meters
24°

15m
Horizontal resolution is 6.376 meters
@ a height of 15m off the bottom.

Sep-16 51
3200-XS THEORY OF OPERATION
Sub-Bottom Profiler Design Considerations

• Pulse Length
• Vertical Resolution
• Beam Patterns
• Signal To Noise
• Narrow Beam
• Heave Compensation
• Direct Path Removal

Sep-16 54
Conventional Sub-Bottom Profiler Pulse

• Narrow Pulse
• Resolution
• SNR
• High Power to Compensate

Sep-16 55
Frequency Modulated (“chirp”) Pulse

Pulse in Time Pulse in Frequency Auto-correlation

Sep-16 56
Benefits of FM Pulse for Sub-Bottom Profiling

• Up to 4 cm Vertical • Direct Path De-convolution

Resolution
• Reduced Spatial Side Lobes
• 20-30 dB Improved SNR Over
Conventional Sonar • Reduced Sea Surface
Effects
• Linear System
• Reduced Ringing
• Real Time Sediment
Classification
• Deployment Flexibility

Sep-16 57
Summary - Features of 3200-XS

• Narrow Beam • Hull Mount

• Heave Compensation • Data Formats
• Direct Path Removal • Replay
• Tow Fish Options • Sediment
• User Selectable Classification
Pulses

Sep-16 58
 Narrow Beam

• Less acoustic artifacts

• More concentrated energy
• Better SNR
• Sharper Images

Sep-16 59
 Heave Compensation
• Two types
– Swell filter
– Sensor input
• Better representation
of bottom and sub-
bottom
• Easier to interpret

Sep-16 60
 Heave Compensation

Sep-16 61
 Heave Compensation

Sep-16 62
 Direct Path Removal

Sep-16 63
 Depth of Penetration

• Type of bottom material

• Center frequency of the chirp pulse
• Presence of biological material
• Signal scattering
• Beam width
• Transmitted Power

Sep-16 64
 Tow Fish Options

Sep-16 65
User Selectable Pulses
512i Tow Fish
• FM Pulses
– 0.5-8.0 kHz / 5 msec FM
– 0.5-4.5 kHz / 50 msec FM
– 0.5-6 kHz / 9 msec FM
– 0.5-6 kHz / 18 msec FM
– 0.5-7.2 kHz / 30 msec FM
– 2.0-12 kHz / 20 msec FM
– 0.7-12 kHz / 20 msec FM
• Wide Band Pulses
– 0.5-2.7 kHz / 40 msec WB
– 0.5-6 kHz / 20 msec WB

Sep-16 66
User Selectable Pulses
SB-216S Tow Fish
• FM Pulses
– 2-15 kHz / 20 ms
– 2-12 kHz / 20 ms
– 2-10 kHz / 20 ms

Sep-16 67
User Selectable Pulses
SB-424 Tow Fish
• FM Pulses

• 3-24 kHz / 10 ms
• 4-24 kHz / 10 ms
• 4-20 kHz / 10 ms
• 4-16 kHz / 10Wide Band Pulses

Sep-16 68
Sep-16 69
 Bottom Detection
• Normalize
• Click on the bottom
• Click on the Signal
– Adjust the threshold
– Adjust the detection window

Sep-16 70
 Selection of Best Pulse

Several sonar parameters affect the profiler

performance:
• 1. transmitted frequency
• 2. pulse bandwidth & pulse length
• 3. output power

Sep-16 71
 Selection of Best Pulse

Signal frequency has a significant effect on the

sonar system performance. Higher frequency
systems (4 to 20 kHz) have shorter wavelengths,
and they are able to discriminate between layers
that are close together producing high definition
data of the upper seafloor sediment layers.
Lower frequency systems (0.5-4.5 kHz) will give
greater penetration but at a lower resolution.
Sep-16 72
 Selection of Best Pulse

Longer pulses transmit more energy and yields

deeper seabed penetration. Unlike conventional
sonars, a chirp system resolution is not a factor
of the transmitted pulse length but rather of the
pulse bandwidth.

Sep-16 73
 Selection of Best Pulse

An increase in output power increases the signal

to noise ration which affects maximum
penetration but not at the same level as the
above 2 parameters.
The benefits of greater power is predominantly
seen when the sonar is towed 100’s of meters
off the seafloor

Sep-16 74
 Selection of Best Pulse

Penetration Controlling Parameters

• Type of bottom material

• • Center frequency of the chirp pulse
• • Presence of biological material
• • Signal scattering
• • Beam width
• • Transmitted Power
Sep-16 75
 Selection of Best Pulse

• Depth Of Penetration Required

• Type of bottom material
• Possible Issues
– Biological
– Homogenous Sub-Bottom
– To Dense

Sep-16 76
 Selection of Best Pulse

Pulse Characteristics
• EdgeTech offers a number of pulses for each
of its sub-bottom profiling systems. Each pulse
has 3 characteristics to match the application
in hand.
• • Waveform
• • Bandwidth
• • Length
Sep-16 77
 Selection of Best Pulse

Wave Form

Sep-16 78
 Selection of Best Pulse
Wave Form

Sep-16 79
 Selection of Best Pulse

Wave Form

Sep-16 80
 Selection of Best Pulse

Band Width
Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and
lower frequencies. For a “chirp” system the resolution
of the seabed is obtained after correlation processing
of the received signal. This is because the output of the
correlation is a very sharp wavelet that has duration of
the order of the inverse of the sweep bandwidth. Thus,
the more bandwidth used, the sharper this pulse will
become and the higher the spatial resolution of the
system.
Sep-16 81
 Selection of Best Pulse

Length
Normally, when using long pulses the resolution of the
seabed is lost however EdgeTech Full Spectrum signal
processing allows the use of long pulses. This generates
a great deal of acoustic energy in the water required for
long range without affecting the resolution.

Sep-16 82
 Selection of Best Pulse

Pulse selection
• The selection of the pulse is made on-line by the
surveyor while profiling to achieve the best imagery
and taking into consideration
• • The minimum required penetration depth
• • Seafloor sediment type

Sep-16 83
Combined side scan/SBP systems
• Chirp Side Scan Sonar
–Dual Simultaneous Frequency 120 & 410 kHz
•Chirp Sub-bottom Profiler
–Simultaneous Transmit and Receive 1-10 kHz
•Integrated Sensors
–Depth, Motion, Mag, USBL (Interface
•Single Coax Tow Cable
•2000, 3000 or 6000m. Water Depth
•Industry Accepted Data Formats & 3rd Party
Interface
•Modular design suitable for different survey
platforms
–Deep Tow, ROV, AUV etc…

Sep-16 84
670D

85
 Hull Mount

• Multiple Pings in
Water Column

• Depth Output
• 4 kW Option
• Heave Input

Sep-16 87
Supported Data Formats

• Native Format (.jsf) • Industry Standard

–output of “chirp” processor (SEG-Y)
–before gains added –after gain added

–before TVG –after TVG

–before video enhancement –what you see on the screen is

what you get
–before video delay
–screen resolution
–full resolution
–readable by any SEGY program
o XTF format
–tested on a variety of post-
processing systems

Sep-16 88
 Replay
• Discover Software (Playback) can be shared
with Colleagues and clients for review, post
processing and printing
• Playback .jsf files
• Playback SEGY files
• Print
• Transcribe .jsf files to SEGY files
• Re-record SEGY files
Sep-16 89
Reflection Coefficient - RC
Set the vertical red line so that the tracking threshold is about
half of the sediment-water interface peak. Click along the depth
axis at the distance that the fish is beneath the air-water
interface to start tracking the air-water interface. Verify that the
horizontal green line passes through the peak of the air-water
interface reflection. (The green line indicates the position where
the reflection coefficient is measured).

Make sure the reflection coefficient is displayed in the task bar

(check box in the Status bar tab)

Sep-16 90
Reflection Coefficient - RC
• Verify that the reflection coefficient amplitude is about 1
(perfect reflection).
• If the Reflection Coefficient is between 0.75 and 1.25, the
calibration for the pulse is accurate to within 0.5 dB then you
may proceed back to step (1) for a second pulse.
• If the reflection coefficient is not within 5% of 1.00, the
system constant for the pulse must be adjusted. In the Sonar
Control Page 2 / Reflection Coef Calibration add or subtract
the appropriate value to make the RC equal to 1.

Sep-16 91
Reflection Coefficient - RC

Repeat for each pulse

Sep-16 92
3200-XS Tow Vehicle Deployment 2

• Clear deck
• Assigned
responsibilities
• Captain training
• Safety equipment
• Sea state
• Out of wake
• Depth of deployment

Sep-16 93
 Safety
• Helmet & Life Jacket on back Deck
• Always connect the wet end connector before connecting the cable to the
deck unit to prevent connecting an energized underwater connector.
• SB-0512i Weighs 190 kg
• SB-216S Weighs 75 Kg
• SB-424 Weighs 22 Kg

Sep-16 94
3200-XS Tow Vehicle Deployment

Sep-16 95
Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DO

Sep-16 96
Tow Vehicle De-Coupled from Ship Movement

• Bungee Cable

Sep-16 97
• Over the side mount
Over The Side Gunwale
Mount

•5Ft long pipe section

•Up to 4 individual pipe sections can be bolted
together (20Ft long)

Sep-16 98
Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DONT

Sep-16 99
Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DONT

Sep-16 100
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DO

Sep-16 101
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DO

Sep-16 102
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DO

Sep-16 103
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment
Don’t forget to take the lead out

Sep-16 104
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

Yes

Sep-16 105
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

Yes

Sep-16 106
 Towfish Rigging / Deployment

Yes

Sep-16 107
Towfish Rigging / Deployment

DON’T
Are your feet
wet?

Sep-16 108
 Tow Vehicle Speed
• Towing the vehicle too closely to the
vessel can cause it to be pulled in against
the hull by the low pressure from the
propeller wash and water flowing by the
hull. In addition sonar reflection from
the hull can be noticed in the records.

• The recommended towing speed is 4

knots. The vehicle may be towed at
speeds of up to ten knots.

• Trim tabs on the aft end of the vehicles

are used to fine-tune the towing.

Sep-16 109
 Tow Vehicle Altitude

Sep-16 110
 Towfish Positioning

• 567 Navigation Input

–NMEA 0183
–X/Y or N/E

• Transponder for SBS

Range Bearing System

Sep-16 111
External Trigger / Heave

Sep-16 112
 DISCOVER Software
• DISCOVER is a modular acquisition and processing software package compatible
with all of EdgeTech’s sonar systems. It serves as the sonar image processing,
display, storage and surface control station for the EdgeTech family of Sub-
Bottom Profilers, Side Scan Sonars, and Combined Systems.

Sep-16 113
3200 DISCOVER Screen Layout
• Main Sonar Data Display
• Pull Down Menus for Command and Control
• Toolbars for frequently used commands.
• Status bar for sonar control and sonar data status.
• Control Panel - tabbing dialog boxes for modifying
parameters.

Sep-16 114
3200 DISCOVER Screen Click Functions
• Click and drag left button to zoom • Move the mouse pointer to a
in on a region. ping and status information will
• Click and release the left mouse be displayed in the main status
button to zoom out on the display bar.
so that all data is displayed. • Left click to save target info into
• Click and release the left mouse CSV file
button to set the current bottom • Right click on a layer to digitize
track position and threshold
• Click and drag the left button to set
the bottom track window. If only a
very small drag is performed then
the track range is set to zero and
the tracker is disabled.

Sep-16 115
3200 DISCOVER Tool Bar
Tool Bar

Sep-16 116
3200 DISCOVER Pop-Up Software Menus

• Sonar Control • Logs

• Display • Record
• Status Bar • Playback
• Network • Capture
• Navigation • Miscellaneous
• Printer
• Alerts

Sep-16 117
3200 DISCOVER - Turn Pinging on
On/Off

Sep-16 118
3200 DISCOVER - Ping Rate
Ping

Sep-16 119
3200 DISCOVER - Navigation Input

NMEA 0183
• Lat / Long
– GGL or GGA
– VTG
– ZDA
• X / Y Coordinates
– GXY
– GGU
• Event Marks
– EVT

Sep-16 120
3200 DISCOVER - Bottom Tracking & Indicator

• Current Bottom
• Search Range
• Threshold
• Min/Max Altitude
• Time Constant

Sep-16 121
3200 DISCOVER- Gains

• Video Gain
• Normailze
• TVG (Time Varied Gain)

Sep-16 122
3200 DISCOVER - Grids

Sep-16 123
3200 DISCOVER - Display Units

Sep-16 124
3200 DISCOVER - Data Recording

• Native Format (.jsf)

• SEG-Y Format
• Transcription

Sep-16 125
3200 DISCOVER - Playback
Start/Stop Pause

Repeat Path

Sep-16 126
3200 DISCOVER - Thermal Printer Control

Sep-16 127
3200 DISCOVER - Configuration Files

• .Jni File Format

• Factory Defaults
• Last Used
• User Defaults
• Multiple Configuration Files

Sep-16 128
3200-XS On Deck Check Out

• Self Diagnostic Test

– Transducers Test (I’m alive tones)
– Power Amp
– Analog interface
– DSP Board

• Hydrophone Rub test

Sep-16 129
3200-XS Tow Vehicle Deployment

• Verify that all power is off

• Coil cable in a figure eight configuration (Standard 75m Kevlar cable only)
• Verify underwater connector's female socket and male plug are free of corrosions
or dirt
• Apply a thin film of silicon dielectric grease to the connectors
• Mate connectors by pressing firmly and evenly on both sides. Do not wiggle the
pigtails as this can cause the inside wires to break
• Connect the cable grip to the tow point shackle
• Use tape or cable ties to secure excess cable to the side of the U-bracket
• Secure a separate strain relief cable to the tow point. The cable needs to have a
minimum rating of 1000 lbs
• Use cable ties or tape to attach data cable to tow cable at different locations over
the length of the submerged cable. Allow for tow cable elasticity
• Secure the pin in all shackles with cable ties or stainless safety wire

Sep-16 130
3200-XS Tow Vehicle Deployment

Sep-16 131
• ADVANCED FEATURES

3200-XS OPERATIONAL TRAINING

Summary - Advanced DISCOVER Features

• Color Palettes • Multiple Topsides

• Direct Path Removal • Navigation Input Options
• Swell Filter • Bottom Digitize
• Annotation • Navigation Track File
• Event Marks • JPG Capture
• Status Bar • Log Files
• File Transcription
• Warnings & Alerts
• Multi-Ping

Sep-16 133
3200 DISCOVER - Color Palettes

Sep-16 134
3200 DISCOVER - Direct Path Removal

Sep-16 135
3200DISCOVER – Swell Filter
• Software averaging

Sep-16 136
DISCOVER - Annotation

Sep-16 137
DISCOVER - Event Marks

Sep-16 138
DISCOVER - Status Bar

Sep-16 139
DISCOVER - Multiple Topsides

• ETSI Software required

• Only one topside can be Master (controlling)
• Same IP address but different ports
• TCP/IP protocol is used as the networking software.
• The X-STAR Internet Protocol (IP) address is set to
192.10.0.100, where 192.10.0 represent the network ID and
100 is the host ID (Class C Address). The Subnet Mask is set to
255.255.255.0.

Sep-16 140
DISCOVER - Navigation Input Options

• Lat/Long
• X/Y
• N/E

Sep-16 141
DISCOVER - Bottom Digitize

Sep-16 142
DISCOVER - Bottom Digitize

Sep-16 143
DISCOVER - Navigation Track File

Sep-16 144
DISCOVER - JPG Capture

Sep-16 145
 DISCOVER - Log Files

Sep-16 146
DISCOVER - File Transcription

Sep-16 147
DISCOVER - Warnings and Alerts

Sep-16 148
DISCOVER - Multi-Ping

Sep-16 149
3200-XS Summary Advanced Capabilities & Options

• External Trigger
• Calibration
• Pressure Option
• Navigation Chart Option (Maptech)

Sep-16 150
 3200-XS Calibration
Sediment Type Reflection Coefficient

Sand -10 to -6 dB

Silt -20 to -10 dB

Clay/mud <-20 dB

• Calibration of a tow vehicle is performed by inverting the towfish and

transmitting to a perfect reflector (Air-Water interface), the system
constant for each of the pulses is adjusted so that the reflection
coefficient reads 0 dB (logarithmic scale) or 1 (linear scale).
• If the sediment type of the water-sediment interface (top layer) can be
categorized as sand, silt or clay the system calibration factor can be
adjusted to reflect the proper reflection coefficient based on the
following general look up table:

• If the sonar is not calibrated, the displayed reflection coefficient is only a

measure of the relative changes in sediment type and can not be used to
predict the sediment type.
Sep-16 151
TROUBLESHOOTING
Troubleshooting: Sonar Phenomenon

• Surface Effects
• Towing Conditions
• Gaseous Sediments

Sep-16 153
Troubleshooting - Electrical Noise

• AC Noise (Periodic Streaks on screen)

– Ungrounded generator casing
– Return signal is being clipped, reduce preamplifier gain, and/or reduce
pulse power.

• White Data Dropout

– Amplifier overheating
– Loose or flooded connection
– Broken wire in splice or cable (wiggle splice and or cable near
underwater connection while watching for white streaks in display to
check for fatigue failure of wire near connection or in splice.)

Sep-16 154
Troubleshooting - Acoustic Noise

• Noise in sonar data display

– Engine noise is coupling to the sonar band
– Fish in the vessel wake, lower the towfish deeper
and or away from ship.
– Fish not towing level

Sep-16 155
Troubleshooting - Interconnections

• Vertical black streaks in sonar profile

– Bad or loose underwater connection. Apply
silicon grease and secure connectors using duct
tape.
– Corroded connector pins. Polish the contact using
a pencil eraser.
– Bad cable. Extended use of the cable can cause
inside cable wire to break most often in the pig
tail section.

Sep-16 156
Troubleshooting - Hardware

• Tow Channels
– Transmit
• Power Amp
• Tow Cable
• Spider Cable
• Analog/DSP Board
– Receive
• 12V to Pre-amp
• 5V DC offset
• Cabling

Sep-16 157
Troubleshooting - Hardware

Sep-16 158
Troubleshooting - Hardware

Sep-16 159
Troubleshooting - Hardware

Legacy AB Amp

Sep-16 160
Troubleshooting - Hardware
Crown Amp

Sep-16 161
Troubleshooting - Hardware

Sep-16 162
Troubleshooting – Hard Drive

• Backup CD provided for restoring the

Hard Drive to Factory configuration

Sep-16 163
Troubleshooting – J-STAR
• The ability of J-STAR program to request and
display raw data (directly from the ADC converter)
is invaluable in diagnosing many potential failure
modes. Raw data (as opposed to processed and
chirped data) allows direct interpretation (via
scope like display). This helps to determine noise
levels, and the proper operation of, transmit power
electronics.
• The J-STAR program also assists interpretation with
FFT analysis, that show interfering noise sources by
frequency distribution and spectral amplitude.
• Providing EdgeTech engineers with Raw data will
often speed up the resolution of suspected noise
problem.
Sep-16 164
Edgetech SBP AT SEA TRAINING
System Setup
• WARNING!
• Do not connect the tow cable to the Deck
Unit before connecting it to the
• tow vehicle, otherwise injury or death can
occur if the exposed connector
• on the tow cable is energized. Always
connect the tow cable to the tow
• vehicle first.
Sep-16 166
• Connecting the Deck Unit
• 1. Verify that the Deck Unit is not connected
to AC power.
• 2. PC and Amplifier are both Auto switching
on new systems. For older systems the
Amplifier input voltage needs to be selected
by the operator.
• 3. Verify that the tow cable is properly
connected and attached to the tow vehicle.
167
• Connecting the Deck Unit
• then connect the tow cable to the SEA CABLE
connector.
• 4. Connect the LCD monitor to the MONITOR
connector.
• 5. Connect the trackball to the TRACKBALL
connector.
• 6. Connect the keyboard to the KEYBOARD
connector.
Sep-16 168
• Connecting the Deck Unit

• Connect a navigation system output to the

• COM 1-NAV connector.
• 9. If an external source is to be used to trigger
the 3200-XS Sub-Bottom Profiling
• 10. System, connect the trigger output of this
source to the TRIGGER IN connector.

Sep-16 169
• Connecting the Deck Unit

• 11. If an external sonar system is to be

triggered by the 3200-XS Sub-Bottom Profiling
• 12. System, connect the trigger input of this
system to the TRIGGER OUT connector.

Sep-16 170
• System Activation and Test
• After the connections to the Deck Unit have
been completed, the 3200-XS Sub-Bottom
• Profiling System can be activated and some
predeployment checks performed prior to
• deployment of the tow vehicle as a test to
verify that the system is operating properly.

Sep-16 171
Activating the System
• Turn on the POWER SUPPLY switch on the
back of the Deck Unit. 2. Turn on the POWER
switch on the Power Amplifier.
• 3. Turn on the SYSTEM POWER switch on the
3200-XS Topside Processor.
• The SYSTEM indicator on the 3200-XS Topside
Processor should illuminate and
• 4. Turn on the LCD monitor.
Sep-16 172
Performing the Predeployment Checks
Activate the system.
• The DISCOVER 3200SB and SONAR.EXE
programs will start automatically and the
• DISCOVER 3200SB Main window will open as
shown in Figure 3-6. SONAR.EXE will
• run a self test and an audible chirp will be
heard indicating that the test passed. If the
• test fails, the SONAR.EXE window will remain
on the desktop, and the failure mode
Sep-16 173
 Performing the Predeployment Checks
Activate the system.
• The DISCOVER 3200SB and SONAR.EXE
programs will start automatically and the
• DISCOVER 3200SB Main window will open as .
SONAR.EXE will run a self test and an audible
chirp will be heard indicating that the test
passed. If the test fails, the SONAR.EXE
window will remain on the desktop, and the
failure mode
Sep-16 174
Performing the Predeployment Checks
Note:
To view the sonar.exe program and self test
status on the 3100P topside, login to the 3100P
processor using the RDP.

Sep-16 175
Performing the Predeployment Checks
• CAUTION!
• Do not allow the transducers on the tow
vehicle to continuously transmit in air for an
extended period as damage to the
transducers could occur.

Sep-16 176
Performing the Predeployment Checks
• The pre-deployment checks should be
performed after the system is activated and
before the tow vehicle is deployed.
• These checks involve listening for the
transmitted pulses from the transducers on
the tow vehicle and rubbing your hand near or
tapping the fiberglass shell near the
hydrophone arrays while observing the Sonar
display in the DISCOVER Main window.
Sep-16 177
Performing the Predeployment Checks
• Choose Control Panel from the Sonar menu.
• In the Options dialog box, click the Sonar
Control tab.
• On the Sonar Control tab, make the required
settings. Click the Display tab.
• On the Display tab, set the Gain to either 0 or
-3 dB, and then click Norm.

Sep-16 178
Performing the Pre-deployment Checks
• From the Sonar menu, choose Sonar On.
When the sonar is on, a check mark appears
next to the menu item.
• The transducers on the tow vehicle should
begin transmitting and data should begin
• scrolling on the display in the DISCOVER
3200SB Main window.
• Listen for transmissions from the transducers
and verify that they are present.
Sep-16 179
Tow Vehicle deployment
• CAUTION!
• Do not tow the tow vehicle too close to the
survey vessel. Towing in this
• manner can cause the tow vehicle to be
pulled in against the hull of the ship due to
the low pressure of the propeller wash and
the effect of the water flowing by the hull. In
addition, sonar reflections from the hull may
be evident in the records.
Sep-16 180
Tow Vehicle deployment
• The tow vehicle may be towed at speeds of up
to 10 knots. However, to optimize
performance and minimize flow noise, it is
recommended that the tow vehicle be towed
at speeds of less than 5 knots. Lead ballast in
the nose of the tow vehicle provides towing
• stability by allowing the tow point to be
placed as far forward as possible and by
making the tow point above the center of
gravity
Sep-16 181
Tow Vehicle deployment
• CAUTION!
• Do not tow the tow vehicle with the nose
angled up or down. Doing so can degrade the
sonar imagery. Before towing the tow
vehicle, verify that it is as level as possible
when towing the tow vehicle at 3 to 5 knots.

Sep-16 182
 Obtaining the Best Sonar Imagery When Towing

• To generate good sonar imagery, the pitch of the vehicle, which is how much in
degrees the nose is angled up or down, must be less than one half of the -6 dB
beam width of the acoustic pulse at its highest frequency—and less at lower
frequencies. As a rule of thumb, for a 0.5-meter long hydrophone array, the -6 dB
beam width at 10 kHz is 20 degrees. For example, if you are transmitting a 2 to 15
kHz FM pulse using a tow vehicle with a 0.5-meter long receiving array, such as in
the SB-216S or SB-216D Tow Vehicle, you must keep the tow vehicle from pitching
more than about 7 degrees in either direction, or
1/2 x 20 degrees x 10 kHz/15kHz = 6.6 degrees.
The same criteria applies to vehicle roll, which is how much in degrees it is listing to
port starboard. Sensors can be installed on the tow vehicle to measure its pitch and
roll under various towing conditions.

Sep-16 183
System Setup
• Connecting the System Components
• All of the 3200-XS Sub-Bottom Profiling
System components, including optional
• components, a navigation system, and
external sonar systems, are made
• to the Deck Unit.

Sep-16 184
System Setup

3100P
Power requirements
• DC Input : 12 to 15 VDC
• AC Input : 120/240 VAC (Auto-ranging)
• CONDITIONS WATTS DC AMPS AC AMPS
• Peak power (on startup) 300 Watts 20 Amps at 12
VDC 2 Amps at 120 VAC
• Average operating power 48 Watts 4 Amps at 12 VDC
0.4 Amps at 120 VAC
Sep-16 185
System
• Tow Vehicle Power : 12V
• Transmit/Receive Signals : Analog
• Tow Cable: 35 meter Kevlar tow cable standard. 75
meter maximum length.

• 3100P Topside/Notebook Computer Interfaces

• Ethernet LAN : 100BaseT, TCP/IP
• Wireless Ethernet : 802.11b/g

Sep-16 186
3100P System
Due to continuous product evolution in this area a firm specification cannot be
provided.
The nominal specification for the EdgeTech supplied in the following.

• Minimum Laptop Specifications Description

• Operating System Windows XP Professional
• Processor Pentium M 730, 1.6 GHz
• Memory 512 Mbytes
• Hard drive 80 GBytes
• Screen size 15.4” - 1280 x 800 typical
• Wireless Intel® Centrino™ or comparable

Sep-16
3100P System
• Supplied Components:
• 1. 3100P Portable Processor case with integral
interface electronics
• 2. Laptop processor with DISCOVER 3100 Sub-
bottom sonar software
• 3. AC power cable
• 4. DC Power & Ethernet cable
• 5. Spares Kit
• 6. Manuals
Sep-16 188
3100P System

• The portable topside unit case supplied is based on the Hardigg “Storm Case" and
• provides a waterproof enclosure for the sonar and interface electronics, and Tow
Vehicle
• power supply.
• Power, Tow Vehicle cable and Ethernet cable connectors are mounted on a
• recessed, waterproof panel, with LED indicators and ON/OFF switch.

Sep-16 189
3100P System
set-up

Sep-16 190
3100P System

Embedded Microprocessor
• The embedded processor is a high speed and low power industrial computer
running
• Windows XP Embedded as the operating system. Edgetech SONAR.EXE application
• commands and controls the transmit and acquisition hardware while interface
with the
• laptop running DISCOVER sub-bottom sonar software.
• The operating system & 3100P-TOPSIDE PROCESSOR application are stored in
512MB of compact FLASH memory. The IDE interface provides the data path
between the processor & Sonar Interface Board (SIB).

Sep-16 191
System
Sonar Interface Board (Tiger Boards)
• The Sonar Interface Board Set (SIB) is the real-time controller for sonar processing.
It includes transmit waveform tables and multiple channels of 10-bit high speed
D/A converters. At periodic intervals it generates the transmit waveform(s), and it
• continuously buffers ADC data.

Sep-16 192
System
Sonar Interface Board (Tiger Boards)
The sonar interface board is actually comprised of a three board set of cards. The
three board set is made up of SB Carrier Board, Sub-Bottom Acquisition Board, and
Sonar/IDE Interface Board.
SB Carrier Board
• This board has the same physically size as an industry standard full slot PCI card.
There are two BNC connectors (J1-Triger-In & J3-Triger-Out) and female connectors
on either side for mating with the other two boards in the card set. An on board
DC-DC converter provides the +12 volts to the preamp in the tow fish.

Sep-16 193
 System
Sonar Interface Board (Tiger Boards)
Sub-Bottom Acquisition Board

• The sub-bottom acquisition board contains band pass filtering and up to eight 24-
bit Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC), only two channels are used for sub-bottom
tow fish. The first ADC channel is for received acoustic data from the preamp and
the second channel is used for power-up diagnostics.

Sep-16 194
 System
Sonar Interface Board (Tiger Boards)
Sonar/IDE Interface Board
• The sonar/IDE interface board is comprised of two RAM memory banks Acquisition
memory and chirp memory and six 10-bit DAC for generating transmit waveforms.
• Transmit ping rate and sampling clock are generated from this board. The IDE
portion of the board provides the interfacing circuitry required to communicate
between the embedded processor and the SIB board set.

Sep-16 195
 3100P System

Ethernet Switch
• The Ethernet switch is a four port 10/100
Mbps TCP/IP used to create a local area
network interconnecting the deck unit
embedded microprocessor, wireless bridge
and the topside laptop PC.

Sep-16 196
 3100P System

Ethernet Wireless Bridge

• Ethernet wireless bridge is provided to
connect the embedded CPU with the topside
• laptop PC. The wireless bride is set to IP
address 192.9.0.255.

Sep-16 197
 3100P System
• Power Amplifier
• The power amplifier receives the analog transmit signal from the sonar/IDE
interface board. The transmit signal is then amplified by a step-up transformers
and 3-Stage “H-bridge Amplifier Circuit”.
• The analog transmit signal is sent down the tow cable to the tow fish.

Sep-16 198
 System
Power Board
• The power board generates the assorted voltages required by the subassemblies
inside the topside unit. The assorted voltages are derived from input power which
can be +12 VDC, 120VAC or 240VAC.

Notebook Computer
• The Notebook Computer runs the Discover 3200 Software. This provides for
control,
• storage and display of the Tow Vehicle data. The data is presented on a gray scale
• waterfall display and is stored in JSF, SEGY or XTF formats on hard disk.\
• A user supplied GPS with NMEA interface strings is required for positioning data.

Sep-16 199
 3100P System
Installation and connections
• Check that the unit power is turned OFF (switch position = DOWN).
• Connect the 3100P Topside to a source of AC and/or DC power using either the DC
Power & Ethernet cable or the AC power cable.
• Connect the 3100P Topside via the Tow cable connection to the Tow Vehicle using
the supplied tow cable.

Sep-16 200
 3100P System
Installation and connections
• Connect the Notebook Computer to the 3100P Topside using either the Wireless
connection, or via the 100BaseT direct Ethernet cable (which is part of the DC
Power & Ethernet cable assembly).

• Operate the ON/OFF switch to the ON position (switch position = UP).

• Note: The ON/OFF switch operates in both the AC and DC power input modes.
• Observe the side panel LEDs. The desired LED status for normal operation should
be:
• Power RED = ON
• System Ready GREEN = ON
• Ping (transmit) YELLOW = OFF or FLASHING

Sep-16 201
 3100P System
Installation and connections
Ethernet Connections
• The 3100P Topside processor is assigned a static (fixed) IP Address of 192.9.0.31.
• EdgeTech assigns static (fixed) TCP/IP addresses for all Ethernet devices in a 3100P
Topside, and reserves all TCP/IP addresses in ranges 192.9.0.0 to 192.9.0.63 and
192.9.0.101 to 192.9.0.255 for this purpose.
• EdgeTech advises that any Notebook (or Desktop) Computer intended to connect
to the 3100P Topside must therefore use a TCP/IP address 192.9.0.xxx where xxx is
in the range 64 to 100.
• Note: The Notebook (or Desktop) computer may have only one Ethernet
connection enabled or connected to the 3100P Topside at any one time: either the
Ethernet LAN connection, or else the Wireless Networking connection, but not
both simultaneously.

Sep-16 202
 System Installation and connections
Ethernet LAN Connection

• The Ethernet LAN connection is made using a physical wired connection via the DC
Power &
• Ethernet cable. This cable provides a standard RJ-45 Ethernet plug for direct
connection to the RJ-45 LAN jack a Notebook (or Desktop) computer. The 3100P
Topside auto-senses straight and crossover Ethernet cables. The following steps
should be taken on the Notebook (or Desktop) computer to use the Ethernet LAN
connection:
• • Disable Wireless Networking: Locate Wireless Networking on Windows Desktop
or the
• System Tray, then click it and Disable it, OR, if there is a switch, turn OFF the

Sep-16 203
 System Installation and connections
Ethernet LAN Connection

• Wireless Networking functionality on the Notebook Computer.

• Insert the RJ-45 plug of the supplied DC Power & Ethernet cable into the RJ-45 LAN
jack of the Notebook (or Desktop) computer.
• Enable the Ethernet LAN: Locate the Ethernet LAN on Windows Desktop or the
System Tray, then click and Enable it.

Sep-16 204
 System Installation and connections
Wireless Networking Connection
• The Wireless Networking connection is made using
the Intel® Centrino™ wireless networking capability
of the Notebook Computer. The following steps
should be taken on the Notebook Computer to use
the Wireless Networking connection:

Sep-16 205
 System Installation and connections
Wireless Networking Connection
• Disable the Ethernet LAN: Locate the Ethernet LAN on Windows Desktop or the
System Tray, then click and Disable it, OR simply unplug the Ethernet cable from
the Notebook Computer's RJ-45 jack.
• Enable Wireless Networking: Locate Wireless Networking on Windows Desktop or
the System Tray, then click and Enable it, AND if there is a switch, turn ON the
Wireless Networking functionality on the Notebook Computer.

Sep-16 206
 3100P System
Installation and connections
Wireless Networking
• The IP Address for Wireless Networking is fixed at 192.9.0.100, and should not be
changed.
• Ethernet LAN The IP Address for Ethernet LAN is fixed at 192.9.0.99, and should
not be changed. The Ethernet LAN can be configured for Auto or 100Mbit/s link
speed for short (8m/25ft) cables. For longer cables EdgeTech recommends a
setting of 10Mbit/s, Half Duplex mode.

Sep-16 207
 3100P System
Installation and connections
EdgeTech 3100P Network Configuration

Sep-16 208
 System Activation and Test

• After the connections to the Deck Unit have been completed, the 3200-XS Sub-
Bottom Profiling System can be activated and some predeployment checks
performed prior to deployment of the tow vehicle as a test to verify that the
system is operating properly.
• When performing the system activation and test, refer to “Deck Unit Controls and
Indicators” on page 3-3 for the location and description of the controls and
indicators on the Deck Unit. In addition, should the system not activate properly or
the predeployment checks fail, refer to “Troubleshooting

Sep-16 209
 System Activation and Test

• Turn on the POWER SUPPLY switch on connector box.

• Wait for DISCOVER to change to “NET ON”
• Choose Control Panel from the Sonar menu.
• The Options dialog box shown bello

Sep-16 210
 • On the Sonar Control tab, make the required settings.
• Click the Display tab.
• On the Display tab, set the Gain to either 0 or -3 dB, and then click Norm.
• Close the Options dialog box
CAUTION!
Do not allow the transducers on the tow vehicle to continuously transmit
in air for an extended period as damage to the transducers could occur.
• From the Sonar menu, choose Sonar On. When the sonar is on, a check mark
• appears next to the menu item.
• The transducers on the tow vehicle should begin transmitting and data should
begin
• scrolling on the display in the DISCOVER 3200SB Main window.
• Listen for transmissions from the transducers and verify that they are present.
• Tap the underside of the tow vehicle near the hydrophones with the handle of a
screw driver while observing the Sonar display in the DISCOVER 3200SB Main
window You should observe streaks or noise spikes in the waterfall display.

Sep-16
 Tow Vehicle Deployment

• The SB-424, SB-216S Tow Vehicles can be towed using the Kevlar Reinforced Tow
Cable. A steel cable could be used as a strength member to prolong the life of the
Kevlar cable with the two smaller SB-424 and SB-216S Tow Vehicles to increase the
life of the tow cable. For towing in deep water, a single armored tow cable is
required.
CAUTION!
• Do not tow the tow vehicle too close to the survey vessel. Towing in this
• manner can cause the tow vehicle to be pulled in against the hull of the ship
• due to the low pressure of the propeller wash and the effect of the water
• flowing by the hull. In addition, sonar reflections from the hull may be
• evident in the records.

Sep-16 212
 Tow Vehicle Deployment

• The tow vehicle may be towed at speeds of up to 10 knots. However, to optimize

performance and minimize flow noise, it is recommended that the tow vehicle be
towed at speeds of less than 5 knots. Lead ballast in the nose of the tow vehicle
provides towing stability by allowing the tow point to be placed as far forward as
possible and by making the tow point well above the center of gravity of the tow
vehicle. The tow point is factory adjusted so that the tow vehicle is level when it is
towed in the water at 3 to 5 knots.
CAUTION!
Do not tow the tow vehicle with the nose angled up or down. Doing so can
degrade the sonar imagery. Before towing the tow vehicle, verify that it is
as level as possible when towing the tow vehicle at 3 to 5 knots.

Sep-16 213
 3100P System Trouble shooting
LED Diagnostics
RED LED = Power
• The RED Power LED should always light up when power (AC or DC) is applied to the
3100P Topside and the side panel power switch is in the ON position .
• If the RED Power LED does not light up when power is applied, check the position
of the side panel ON/OFF switch and all power connections to the unit. If the RED
Power LED does not light up when power is applied, but the YELLOW LED still lights
up to indicate system initialization, the most likely cause is that the RED Power LED
or its own circuitry is faulty, in which case the rest of the system might still be fully
operational.

Tip: Listen for cooling fan activity inside the unit to determine if the unit is
fully powered.
Sep-16 214
 3100P System Trouble shooting
LED Diagnostics
GREEN LED = System Ready
• The GREEN System Ready LED lights up solidly, and remains on, when the system is
ready to run. On startup, the GREEN System Ready LED is off while the system
performs power-on selftests. If any of these self-tests fail, the GREEN System
Ready LED remains off. If all selftests pass, the GREEN System Ready LED lights up
and remains on. Since these power-on selftests also test the Tow Vehicle interface,
the Tow Vehicle must be attached to the 3100P Portable Topside for these power-
on self-tests to pass.
Troubleshooting:
If the GREEN System Ready LED never lights up, but stays OFF permanently,
check the Tow Vehicle cabling. If a problem is found and corrected, then cycle power
to run the power-on selftests again.

Sep-16 215
 3100P System Trouble shooting
LED Diagnostics
YELLOW LED = Ping
• The YELLOW Ping LED lights up during startup to indicate that the system is
initializing. After the system has initialized the yellow light turns off. The YELLOW
Ping LED flashes while the 3100P Topside is pinging (sonar transmitting). The
flashing rate of the YELLOW Ping LED does not always match the actual ping rate
(this is normal behavior).

Sep-16 216
 3100P System Trouble shooting
LAN connection
If the Ethernet LAN does not indicate "Connected" status in the Local Area Network
Properties
• Box, check all hardware connections, LAN IP address (see Section 7), and make
sure that Wireless Networking is Disabled, that the Ethernet LAN is Enabled, and
that the 3100P Topside is powered on.

Note: DISCOVER software will indicate that it is in restricted mode until a

valid connection is made between the Laptop and the 3100P topside .

Sep-16 217
 System Maintenance
• Cleaning the Tow Vehicle and Tow Cable after Use
• After retrieving the tow vehicle from the water, use a hose to wash it down, along
with the tow cable, with clean, fresh water. Thoroughly spray the transducers and
the hydrophone arrays from underneath the tow vehicle and remove any buildup
of debris that may have been trapped inside. Inspect the inside of the tow vehicle,
especially the transducers, the hydrophone arrays and the cables for any damage
and for any loose connectors. Also inspect the tow cable and the connectors on
each end.
• After washing down the tow vehicle, clean the transducers and hydrophone arrays
using a mild, non-abrasive detergent and water. Do not use any abrasive
detergents or ammonia based cleaners. After cleaning, thoroughly spray the
transducers and hydrophones again with fresh water.

Sep-16 218
 System Maintenance
Inspecting and Cleaning the Underwater Connectors
• Regularly inspect the contacts on the male pins of each underwater connector in
the tow vehicle and on the tow cable for corrosion or oxidation. To remove any
oxidation, rub the contacts lightly with 800 grit emery cloth cut into strips equal to
or less than the width of a contact. A pencil eraser can also be used for this
purpose. The female sockets can be cleaned using a cotton swab and rubbing
alcohol. A .22 caliber bore brush with only nylon bristles can be used to remove
light oxidation.
• To extend the life and increase the reliability of the connectors, apply a thin film of
silicone dielectric grease, such as Novagard G624 general purpose silicone grease
or an equivalent, to the entire surface of each male pin. A small amount of grease
should also be applied to the opening of each female socket.

• NOTE: Remember to always install dummy connectors on the connectors

of the tow cable and the tow vehicle tow cable connector.
Sep-16 219
3100 System Setup
Power requirements
• DC Input : 12 to 15 VDC
• AC Input : 120/240 VAC (Auto-ranging)
• CONDITIONS WATTS DC AMPS AC AMPS
• Peak power (on startup) 300 Watts 20 Amps at 12
VDC 2 Amps at 120 VAC
• Average operating power 48 Watts 4 Amps at 12 VDC
0.4 Amps at 120 VAC

Sep-16 220
Sub-bottom Profiler Image
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