Chapter II

REVIEW LITERATURE

This chapter presents the reviewed related literature that gave significant insights to this present
study.

RELATED LITERATURE

Wastes are the material that are not needed and are not usable economically with further
processing. It may be in the form of solid, liquid, and gas. (Subaru, 2011) They originate from
the human activities such as agriculture, industry, domestic activities etc. (Singh, 2015)
According to Mishra waste is classified as domestic, industrial, commercial, clinical,
construction, nuclear, and agricultural.(2012) as well as waste is classified as pollution to
environment and other living things. Hence, solid waste management is very essential. Causes of
Solid Waste Pollution Solid wastes are categorized as municipal waste, industrial waste, and
hazardous wastes. (Kumar, 2012)

Moreover, Solid waste is an urban problem where people have the habit of using of variety of
commodities and discarding them afterwards. Which increase solid waste to a large extent. (
Gupta, 2017)

Furthermore, Technology has changed the culture of using things. from the returnable packaging
to non-returnable packaging. (Prasad, 2005) The effect of Solid Waste can pollute air, and leave
various environmental impacts, and cause health hazard, due to improper handling and
transportation. (Bhattacharya, 2006)

After collecting all the garbage in municipality the garbage track will goes to disposal area, it is
done most commonly through a sanitary landfill or through incineration. (Banerjee, 2001)

In addition, disposal area was placed in a suitably selected and prepared landfill site in a
prescribed manner. The waste material is spread out and compacted with appropriate heavy
machinery. And after that it covered each day with a layer of soil. By these it can be controlled
effectively the increasing solid waste even it is difficult task its main objectives are to reduce the
harmful effects and find ways for their utilization. (Bolder, 2003)
REFERENCES

1. Banerjee R, (2001). The Environmental Effectiveness of Solid Waste Management.

Retrieved February 15, 2019 from
https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/SUM_Final_Thesis_CHOI_.pdf?sequence=5
2. Bhattacharya, b. (2006). Environmental Biotechnology. Retrieved February 15, 2019
from https://youthsofnewgeneration.weebly.com/ related-literature.html.pdf
3. Gupta, D. (2017). Energy, ecology, environment & society. Retrieved February 12, 2019
from https://
q=solid+waste+management&oq=solid+&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5.3729j0j7&sourceid=c
hrome&ie=UTF-8

4. Kumar, U. Asija, M. (2012) Biodiversity- Principles and Conservation. Retrieved

February 20, 2019 from https://www.thebalancesmb.com/an -to-solid-waste-
management-2878102
5. Mishra, D. (2012). Energy, Environment, Ecology & Society. Retrieved February 20,
2019 from
http://shodhganga.inflibet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/16155/11/11_chapter%202.pdf
6. Subaru, S. (2011). Human Ecology- Issues & Challenges, Retrieved February 19, 2019
from https://www.slideshare.net/pallabipriyadarsini25/solid-waste-management-ppt
7. Singh (2015) Ecology Environmental science and technology. Retrieved February 12,
2019 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262523386_SOLID_WASTE_MANAGEMEN
T_pdf