Chopani mando: earliest evid of pottery in the world

Dolmens nd megalithic tombs characters of neolithic age

Stone copper age as chalco lithic

Harappa as indus valley civiliz

Mohenjadaro indus

Harappa ravi

Religion

Primitive anisim,image worship in vogue

OLD INDUS VALLEY

Technique used as ,,,,optically stimulate

d lumniscene
Aryans as semi nomadic came to india from eurasia

Aryan from arya sanskrit means men of good family

Veda from sanskrit word means to know

Who spoke vedic sanskrit called aryans

Rig vedic phase from 1000bc to 600 bc

Rig vedic samhita comprises 10 books or mandalas book 2nd book 7th oldest among them

Gopati was their chief or king

Familiar with himalayas

Mixed farming cultivation nd herding

Niska nd satmana convenient units but not coins

Education begin with investiture ceremony called upanayana

Vidanta as the end of the vedas also uttar mimansa

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS OF BUDDHA

World is full of suferings

All suferings have cause,desire,ignorance of attachment

It cud b removed by destroying causes

To end it one must know right path

Chandra gupta maurya(321 297 bc)

Bindusara(298 272 bc)

Ashoka (268 232bc)

Buddhist sources mention ,he usurped the throne after killing his 99 brothers

Ashoka gave 7 pillar edicts

SANIDHATA YHE TREASURER,,SAMAHARTA THE TAX COLLECTOR

Of mauryan administrstion

PRADESHIKA the district administrator ,,,

RAJUKA the revenue administrator nd later judiciql officers in rural areas under the dist.administ.

Yuktas were accountants

STHANIKA TAX COLLECTOR AT SUB DIST LEVEL

Economy

MAN SOURCE WAS BHAGA ONE FOURTH PAID ND BALI AS A TRIBUTE

Kara le ied on cfuits nd garden flowers

STRIKNG SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WAS MPLOYMENT OF SLAVES ON LARGE SCALE IN AGRICULTURAL

OPERATION
Indo greek wer the first to issue gold coins in india

Greeks were called sakas referred to as Scythians

Came india hrough bolan pass

Ist saka king in india was moga estab power in gandhara

From time of vima kasphises gold coin isssue was on rgular basis

GUPTAS FROM VAISHYAS origin

Sri gupta as ist gupta ruler ,ruled from north bengal to south bihar

Ist imp king was chandragupta i(320 335 AD)

AMATYA BUREAUCRACY

DANDA PASIKA POLICE HEAD

SARVADYAKSHA CENTRAL SECT HEAD

RANABHANDAGARIKA OFF IN CHRG MILLITRY NEEDS

MAHANSQNDIVIGRAHIKA WAR PEACE ND FOREIGN AFF

MAHADANDANAYAK WAR ND JUSTICE DEPT

BALI RELIGIOUS TAX

UDRANGA TAX FROM PERM PEASENTS

VTA BHUTA TAX FOR WIND ND WATER GODS

KHILA BARREN LAND

APRAHATA JUNGLE OR FOREST

VASTI HABITABLE LAND

GAPATHA SARAH GRAZING LAND

KSHETRA CULTIVABLE LAND

FA HEIN CAME INDIA IN CHANDRA GUPTA II REIGN

GOLD COINS DURING HIS REIGN WERE CALLED DINARA

Bilsad , karandanda,mandsor.,damodarpur inscription of kumargupta

Founded nalanda university

Overthrowed HUNAS

Skandgupta

,,,,,junagarh inscription
His successors as buddha,vainya
,bhana,narshima,vishnu gupta
Titles ,,,,,,parmeswar,paramadaivata
Mahadandnayak (chief justice)
Province as bhukti under the charge of
(uparika) viceroy
Sub dist as peths
Religious functionaries were granted land
called agrahara
Land revenue as 1/6
Tge antyajas or untouchables considered to b
impure
Chandalas charma karas as outcasts
First example of sati from this area came in
A.d 510

Narada,yananvalikya nd brihaslari smriti were

written down

Hinustan acquired its present shape only

during guptA period
Concept of avtars nd incarnations of vishnu
were preached
Durga kali amba chandi regard as mother
goddess

Science and techonology

MATHS ND ASTRONOMY
Value of pie ,ar of triangle ,found of trigonometry by
aryabhattya
Algebra found in book aryabhtttiyam
Brahamagupta in 7th century devl rules for operating
zero nd negativ quantities ,,algebra for astronomical
problems
Aryabhat found causes of solar nd lunar eclipse ,calcula
circumfere of earth ,,,,,ist to reveal sun is stationary nd
earth revolve around sun

FOREIGN TRAVELLERS ,,,OF ANCIENT INDIA

Millates,hirodotus greece 6th cent BC
Niarchus
Aristobalus alexander
Onencerites invasion
Magathenese chandragupta
Arrian ist centBC
Strabo,pliny ist century AD
Fa hein china chandragpta vikramdity

Hiuen tsang china harsha vrdhan

It sing china 7th century AD

Literature
Little clay cart
Ramayana nd mahabaharta compiled ,various puranas
nd smrithis
MANU SMRITHI LAW BOOK COMPODED BETWEEN
200 BC ND A.D 200
Buddh charit by asvAghosha life of bhudda in pali
Natayashahtra by bharat earliest work of sanskrit
Harsh charit by banabhatta
Vasvadatta by subhandu
Kamssutra by arys manjushree nd vatsyana
Pavandhoot by dhoyi

Si yu ki by hiuen tsang
Fo kuoki by fa hein

Mitakshara commentary on law book of yajnA valkya

by vijenshewara
Dayabhaga is a treatise on inheritance by jimutvahna
Geogtaphy of india by Ptolmey
Gupta period marked begin of temple architecture