LABILE AND STABLE CARBON FRACTION

ON VARIOUS ORGANIC FIELD THAT

UNDER DIFFERENT APPLICATION PERIODS

DIMAS UGA PERCEKA, SRI NURYANI HIDAYAH UTAMI, EKO HANUDIN

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281

ABSTRACT
Labile organik matters or in other name “nutritive, labile, active, or young humus”, is the newly formed organik matters which is recently formed
from plant biomass that goes into the soil (during the last 10-20 years). The stabile organik materials (passive) or old humus, is the organik matters
that has been exist in the soil for a long time. The purpose of this study is to understand and to determine the effect of organik farming system to the labile
and stabile carbon fraction that is exists in the soil. This research has been conducted from October 2015 until November 2016. Labile carbon that are studied:
C-POM (Carbon Particulate Organik Matter), C- mineralized and C- water soluble. Stabile carbon that are studied: C-humic and C- fulvic. Data analysis uses factorial
design with 2 factors based on the application time (Kalitirto, 1 year, Kebon Agung, 7 years and conventional), Sawangan (5 years) and soil depths (0-20;20-40;40-60;60-80).
Based on research, the 7 years organik farming system has the highest labile and stabile carbon amount, and then continued with 5 years organik farming system,
conventional-organik, and the conventional with the lowest stable and labile carbon amount
Key words : Labile carbon, stable carbon, organik, aplication time..

Table 3. Cation Exchange Capacity Table 4. Water Soluble Carbon

INTRODUCTION Depth
(cm) K O1
Before
Period
O5 O7
Mean Depth
(cm) K O1
Before
Period
O5 O7
Mean

0-20 21.59(de) 23.10(c) 23.98(c) 29.17(a) 24.46 0-20 751.20 600.30 899.70 957.70 802.23(a)
20-40 21.56(de) 22.79(cd) 23.58(c) 26.72(b) 23.67 20-40 466.60 416.10 756.90 844.50 621.03(b)
Research about the effect of organic matter in agriculture soil and its relation with the level of 40-60
60-80
18.35(f)
15.24(g)
18.36(f)
16.12(g)
19.02(f)
16.57(g)
25.73(b)
20.57(e)
20.36
17.13
40-60
60-80
322.10
359.00
232.90
264.00
554.10
582.60
670.70
698.40
444.95(c)
476.00(c)
humic acid and fluvic acid inside soil actually been done a lot before, but little information were Mean 19.19 20.1 20.79 25.55 + Mean 474.73(d) 378.33(c) 698.33(b) 792.83(a) -
Vegetative Vegetative
obtained able to show the characteristic of unstable carbon, humic acid, fluvic acid, with soil Depth Period Mean Depth Period Mean
chemistry.This condition influenced research that analyze the different effect of organic agriculture (cm) K O1 O5 O7 (cm) K O1 O5 O7
0-20 23.44 24.34 28.60 31.26 26.91(a) 0-20 622.10 472.90 720.40 844.90 665.08(a)
with the different applied duration of stable and unstable active carbon characteristic. 20-40 22.85 24.20 24.48 28.35 24.97(b) 20-40 366.80 302.80 525.20 671.60 466.6(b)
This research aimed to know the level of unstable-C fraction which consist of mineralized-C, 40-60 18.99 19.35 22.81 27.08 22.06(c) 40-60 220.30 194.20 336.20 441.50 298.05(c)
60-80 17.24 18.24 19.63 23.89 19.75(d) 60-80 256.10 192.50 366.40 470.80 321.46(c)
C-POM, C-BMT, and water soluble-C; along with stable-C which consist of humic and fluvic Mean 20.63(c) 21.53(c) 23.88(b) 27.64(a) - Mean 366.33(c) 290.58(d) 487.07(b) 607.22(a) -

based on the duration of organic agriculture system. Depth

Generative
Period Mean Depth
Generative
Period Mean
(cm) K O1 O5 O7 (cm) K O1 O5 O7
0-20 24.65(ef) 25.23(def) 28.57(bc) 31.49(a) 27.48 0-20 406.4(cd) 281.13(def) 512.39(bc) 746.62(a) 486.63
20-40 24.27(efg) 25.04(def) 27.30(bcd) 29.12(b) 26.43 20-40 262.03(def) 193.18(ef) 406.4(cd) 617.45(ab) 368.98
40-60 20.99(h) 23.63(efg) 24.87(def) 26.22(cde) 23.92 40-60 250.73(def) 155.72(f) 356.5(cde) 462.83(c) 306.44
60-80 17.77(i) 21.90(gh) 22.83(fgh) 15.48(i) 19.49 60-80 181.42(f) 150.24(f) 216(ef) 250.85(def) 199.63

MATERIAL AND METHOD Mean 21.92 23.95 25.89 25.57 + Mean 275.14 195.07 372.03 519.44 +

Table 5. C-BMT (C Biomass Microbia Total) Table 6. C-POM (C Particulate Organic Matter)
Before Before
Research entitled Stable and Unstable Carbon Fraction in Organic Agriculture with Different Duration Dep th (cm)
K O1
Period
O5 O7
M ean Depth
(cm) K
Period
Organik 1 th Organik 5 th Organik 7 th
Mean

Applied was conducted in November 2015 until August 2016 at KebonAgungImogiri, SawanganMagelang 0-20 0.3 8 0 .2 6 0.4 3 0.52 0 .40 (a) 0-20 0.32 0.38 0.41 0.47 0.40(a)

,and KebunPercobaan Pusat InovasiAgroteknologi (PIAT) UGM Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta. 20 -4 0

40 -6 0
0.2 4
0.2 6
0 .1 7
0 .1 7
0.3 3
0.3 1
0.37
0.39
0 .2 7(b)
0 .2 8(b)
20-40
40-60
0.16
0.16
0.27
0.24
0.30
0.30
0.36
0.30
0.27(b)
0.25(b)
The design used is factorial design with two factor that are duration (Kalitirto (one year), KebonAgung 60 -8 0 0.2 0 0 .1 0 0.2 4 0.28 0 .20 (c) 60-80 0.13 0.16 0.27 0.30 0.22(b)
M ean 0 .27 (b ) 0 .1 7(c) 0.3 2(ab) 0.39 (a) - Mean 0.19(c) 0.26(b) 0.32(ab) 0.36(a) -
(seven years and conventional), Sawangan (five years)) and depth (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80). V egetative Vegetative
Obtained data was being analyzed using ANOVA. According to Gomez & Gomez (1983), Dep th (cm) Period M ean Depth
(cm)
Period Mean
K O1 O5 O7 K O1 O5 O7
if the ANOVA result showed significant difference at value 5%, then to know the difference 0-20 0.4 7 0 .3 7 0.4 5 0.58 0 .47 (a) 0-20 0.41(ef) 0.43(ef) 0.51(e) 2.58(a) 0.98
better we should analyse again using DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with significant value 5%. 20 -4 0
40 -6 0
0.2 4
0.2 9
0 .2 7
0 .2 6
0.2 8
0.3 0
0.39
0.44
0 .3 0(b)
0 .3 2(b)
20-40
40-60
0.24(ef)
0.16(f)
0.32(ef)
0.24(ef)
0.32(ef)
0.30(ef)
1.64(b)
1.25(c)
0.63
0.41
60 -8 0 0.2 6 0 .1 9 0.2 6 0.30 0 .2 5(b) 60-80 0.13(f) 0.19(f) 0.24(ef) 0.96(d) 0.45
M ean 0 .31 (b ) 0.27 (b) 0 .33 (b ) 0.43 (a) - Mean 0.23 0.3 0.34 1.61 +
G en erativ e Generative
Dep th (cm) Period M ean Depth Period Mean
(cm)

RESULT AND DISCUSION

K O1 O5 O7 K O1 O5 O7
0-20 0.4 6 0 .3 5 0.5 3 0.71 0 .51 (a) 0-20 0.38(bcd) 0.49(bc) 0.55(b) 0.81(a) 0.56
20 -4 0 0.3 3 0 .2 6 0.3 6 0.41 0 .3 7(b) 20-40 0.28(cde) 0.32(cde) 0.32(cde) 0.41(bcd) 0.33
40 -6 0 0.3 7 0 .2 5 0.3 8 0.50 0.34 (bc) 40-60 0.33(bcde) 0.30(cde) 0.30(cde) 0.37(bcd) 0.33
60 -8 0 0.1 9 0 .1 9 0.2 5 0.33 0 .25 (c) 60-80 0.14(e) 0.19(de) 0.24(de) 0.26(cde) 0.21
M ean 0 .26 (c) 0 .35 (b c) 0.3 8(ab) 0.49 (a) - Mean 0.28 0.32 0.35 0.46 +

Table 1. pH Table 2. Carbon Organic

Before Before Table 7.Humic Acid Table 8. Fulvic Acid
Depth Period Mean Depth Period Mean Before
(cm) Before
K O1 O5 O7 (cm) K O1 O5 O7
Depth Period Mean D ep th Period Mean
0-20 6.36 6.85(cd) 6.47(ih) 6.63(g) 6.66 0-20 1.07 1.12 2.36 3.91 2.27(a) (cm )
(cm) K O1 O5 O7 K O1 O5 O7
20-40 6.83 6.95(bc) 6.67(efg) 6.60(gh) 7.01 20-40 0.60 0.70 1.78 3.42 2.11(ab)
0-20 0.06(def) 0.1(ab) 0.09(bc) 0.12(a) 0.09 0 -2 0 0.13 (e) 0 .1 4(de) 0 .21 (b ) 0 .26 (a) 0 .19
40-60 6.66(fg) 7.13(a) 6.82(cdef) 6.74(defg) 6.69 40-60 0.70 2.48 2.95 2.96 2.06(ab) 2 0-40 0.13 (e) 0 .1 (f) 0 .21 (b ) 0 .2 2(b ) 0 .17
20-40 0.06(def) 0.06(efg) 0.09(bc) 0.08(bcd) 0.07
60-80 6.77(defg) 7.09(ab) 6.81(cdef) 6.83(cde) 6.70 60-80 1.12 1.12 1.15 2.44 1.46(b) 4 0-60 0.13 (e) 0 .09 (f) 0.1 6(cd) 0 .2 2(b ) 0 .15
40-60 0.06(efg) 0.04(fg) 0.04(fg) 0.07(cde) 0.05
Rerata 6.58 6.77 6.84 6.87 + Mean 1.3(c) 1.35(c) 2.06(b) 3.18(a) - 6 0-80 0 .1 1(f) 0 .09 (f) 0.1 6(cd) 0 .17 (c) 0 .13
60-80 0.04(g) 0.04(g) 0.04(g) 0.07(cde) 0.05
Vegetative Vegetative Mean 0.11 0.1 3 0.18 0.22 +
Mean 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 +
Depth Period Mean Depth Period Mean V egetative
(cm) (cm) Vegetative
K O1 O5 O7 K O1 O5 O7 D ep th Period Mean
Depth Period Mean
0-20 6.46(kl) 6.83(ef) 6.5(jk) 6.58(ij) 6.95 0-20 1.07 1.12 2.36 3.91 2.27(a) (cm ) K O1 O5 O7
(cm) K O1 O5 O7
20-40 6.8(fg) 6.93(de) 6.63(hi) 7.15(a) 6.88 20-40 0.60 0.70 1.78 3.42 2.11(ab) 0 -2 0 0 .1 6(d ) 0 .16 (d ) 0.2 4(ab) 0 .27 (a) 0 .21
0-20 0.07(def) 0.12(b) 0.09(c) 0.15(a) 0.11
40-60 6.71(gh) 6.97(cd) 6.38(l) 7.17(a) 6.81 40-60 0.70 2.48 2.95 2.96 2.06(ab) 2 0-40 0 .1 6(d ) 0.1 3(e) 0.2 3(ab) 0.24 (ab ) 0 .19
20-40 0.06(f) 0.09(c) 0.09(cde) 0.13(b) 0.09
60-80 6.81(fg) 7.04(bc) 6.87(def) 7.1(ab) 6.95 60-80 1.12 1.12 1.15 2.44 1.46(b) 4 0-60 0 .1 6(d ) 0 .10 (f) 0 .16 (d ) 0 .19 (c) 0 .15
40-60 0.05(fgh) 0.06(ef) 0.06(fg) 0.07(cdef) 0.06
Rerata 6.69 6.94 6.60 7.00 + Mean 1.3(c) 1.35(c) 2.06(b) 3.18(a) - 6 0-80 0.14 (e) 0.08 3(g ) 0 .13 (e) 0 .1 6(d ) 0 .13
60-80 0.04(gh) 0.04(gh) 0.03(h) 0.07(def) 0.04
Generative Generative Mean 0.12 0.1 6 0.19 0.21 +
Mean 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.11 +
Depth Period Mean Depth Period Mean G en erativ e
Generative
(cm) K O1 O5 O7 (cm) K O1 O5 O7 D ep th Period Mean
0-20 6.37(f) 6.24(f) 6.83(bcd) 6.61(e) 6.51 Depth Period Mean
0-20 2.91(b) 1.91(def) 3.74(a) 3.96(a) 3.13 (cm) (cm ) K O1 O5 O7
20-40 6.71(de) 6.40(f) 6.8(cde) 6.95(bc) 6.72 K O1 O5 O7
20-40 2.57(bc) 2.32(bcd) 2.24(cd) 2.26(cd) 2.35 0 -2 0 0.17 (c) 0.1 7(c) 0 .21 (b ) 0 .24 (a) 0 .20
40-60 6.62(e) 6.66(de) 6.94(bc) 6.82(cde) 6.76 0-20 0.05(cdef) 0.09(b) 0.06(cde) 0.13(a) 0.08
40-60 2.10(cde) 2.10(cdef) 1.47(ef) 1.49(ef) 1.76 2 0-40 0.1 5(de) 0 .1 5(de) 0 .20 (b ) 0 .2 1(b ) 0 .18
20-40 0.05(cdef) 0.06(c) 0.06(cde) 0.10(b) 0.07
60-80 6.72(de) 6.61(e) 7.03(b) 7.23(a) 6.90 60-80 1.69(def) 1.43(f) 1.35(f) 1.37(f) 1.46 4 0-60 0 .1 2(g ) 0 .12 (g ) 0.1 6(cd) 0.1 4(def) 0 .14
40-60 0.04(cdef) 0.03(defg) 0.04(defg) 0.04(cdefg) 0.04
Rerata 6.60 6.48 6.90 6.90 + Mean 1.91 2.2 2.27 2.32 + 6 0-80 0 .12 (fg) 0.12 (fg ) 0 .15 (cd e) 0.1 3(efg ) 0 .14
60-80 0.02(fg) 0.03(defg) 0.02(g) 0.03(cdefg) 0.03
Mean 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.08 + Mean 0.14 0.1 4 0.18 0.18 +

Description: Number followed by the same letter showed no significant differerence among Description: Number followed by the same letter showed no significant differerence
the periods or depths among the periods or depths
(+) showed interaction between period and depth. (+) showed interaction between period and depth.
K : Conventional K : Conventional
O1 : Organic (1 years) O1 : Organic (1 years)
O5 : Organic (5 years) O5 : Organic (5 years)
O7 : Organic (7 Years) O7 : Organic (7 Years)

CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGE
1.The highest level of unstable-C fraction which consist of mineralized-C, water soluble-C, C-BMT Thanks to the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Research and Higher Education
(Total Mikrobin Biomass), and C-POM (Particulate Organic Matter) were obtained in the seven which provided funds in the form of Excellent Research Grant Collegues (PUPT)
years organic agriculture, after that is the five years organic agriculture,
2.The highest level of stable carbon fraction which consist of humic and fluvic acid were obtained
in the seven years organic agriculture, after that is the five years organic agriculture, then the
conventional to organic, and last is the conventional.