Compound CID 24924

{
"Record": {
"RecordType": "CID",
"RecordNumber": 24924,
"RecordTitle": "Lead nitrate",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Structures",
"Description": "Structure depictions and information for 2D, 3D, and
crystal related",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "2D Structure",
"Description": "A two-dimensional representation of the compound",
"DisplayControls": {
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"ReferenceNumber": 24,
"Value": {
"Boolean": [
true
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "3D Status",
"Description": "Explanation if 3D conformer cannot be generated",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
"StringWithMarkup": [
{
"String": "Conformer generation is disallowed since MMFF94s
unsupported element, mixture or salt"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Chemical Safety",
"Description": "Launch the Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary datasheet,
and link to the safety and hazard section",
"HideThisSection": true,
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Chemical Safety",
"Value": {
{
"String": " ",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/images/ghs/GHS03.svg",
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Oxidizer"
},
{
"Start": 1,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Corrosive"
},
{
"Start": 2,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Irritant"
},
{
"Start": 3,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Health Hazard"
},
{
"Start": 4,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Environmental Hazard"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Names and Identifiers",
"Description": "Record identifiers, synonyms, chemical names, descriptors,
etc.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Record Description",
"Description": "Summary Information",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Record Description",
"Description": "Physical Description",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate is a white crystalline solid. The
material is soluble in water. It is noncombustible but it will accelerate the
burning of combustible materials. If large quantities of the material are involved
in the fire an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure of the material to fire or
heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires
involving this material.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 12,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lead
%20nitrate",
"Type": "PubChem Internal Link",
"Extra": "CID-24924"
},
{
"Start": 70,
"Length": 5,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/water",
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Computed Descriptors",
"Description": "Descriptors generated from chemical structure input",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "IUPAC Name",
"Description": "Chemical name computed from chemical structure that
uses International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature
standards.",
"URL":
"http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/seriestitles/nomenclature.html",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by LexiChem 2.6.6 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "lead(2+);dinitrate"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "InChI",
"Description": "International Chemical Identifier (InChI) computed
from chemical structure using the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) standard.",
"URL": "http://www.iupac.org/home/publications/e-
resources/inchi.html",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "InChI=1S/2NO3.Pb/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "InChI Key",
"Description": "International Chemical Identifier hash (InChIKey)
computed from chemical structure using the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) standard.",
"URL": "http://www.iupac.org/home/publications/e-
resources/inchi.html",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by InChI 1.0.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Canonical SMILES",
"Description": "Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System
(SMILES) computed from chemical structure devoid of isotopic and stereochemical
information.",
"URL":
"http://www.daylight.com/dayhtml/doc/theory/theory.smiles.html",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by OEChem 2.1.5 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pb+2]"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Molecular Formula",
"Description": "A chemical formula is a way of expressing information
about the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound,
using a single line of chemical element symbols and numbers. PubChem uses the Hill
system whereby the number of carbon atoms in a molecule is indicated first, the
number of hydrogen atoms second, and then the number of all other chemical elements
in alphabetical order. When the formula contains no carbon, all the elements,
including hydrogen, are listed alphabetically. Sources other than PubChem may
include a variant of the formula that is more structural or natural to chemists,
for example \"H2SO4\" for sulfuric acid, rather than the Hill version \"H2O4S.\"",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "N2O6Pb"
},
{
"String": "Pb(NO3)2"
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Molecular Formula",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Pb(NO3)2"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "N2O6Pb"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Other Identifiers",
"Description": "Important identifiers assigned to this chemical
substance by authoritative organizations",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "CAS",
"Description": "A proprietary registry number assigned by the
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) division of the American Chemical Society (ACS)
often used to help describe chemical ingredients.",
"URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
}
]
}
}
],
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Other CAS",
"Description": "The CAS registry number(s) in this section
refer(s) to old, deprecated, previously assigned, deleted, etc. CAS number(s) which
are no longer used, but users can still see in references, sometimes.",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "18256-98-9"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "European Community (EC) Number",
"Description": "A seven-digit regulatory identifier currently
assigned by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) known as a European Community (EC)
number. It is sometimes referred to as an EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP number, which are
subsets of an EC number.",
"URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Community_number",
"Information": [
{
"URL": "https://echa.europa.eu/substance-
information/-/substanceinfo/100.030.210",
"Value": {
{
"String": "233-245-9"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "ICSC Number",
"Description": "An identifier assigned by the International Labour
Organization (ILO) known as an International Chemical Safety Card number.",
"URL":
"http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/publications/WCMS_113134/lang--en/index.htm",
"Information": [
{
"URL": "http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?
p_card_id=1000",
"Value": {
{
"String": "1000"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "RTECS Number",
"Description": "An identifier of the Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances (RTECS) database of toxicity information.",
"URL": "http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/rtecs/",
"Information": [
{
"URL": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/OG200B20.html",
"Value": {
{
"String": "OG2100000"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "UN Number",
"Description": "A four-digit number assigned by the United Nations
Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods used to identify hazardous
materials (hazmat) internationally. To learn information to each UN number, visit
the Emergency Response Guidebook.",
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/erg/",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "UN Number",
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/erg/#1469",
"Value": {
{
"String": "1469"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "1469"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "1469"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "1469"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "UNII",
"Description": "A non-proprietary registry number assigned by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) known as an UNique Ingredient Identifier
(UNII) code.",
"URL":
"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/SubstanceRegistrationSystem-
UniqueIngredientIdentifierUNII/",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "UNII",
"Value": {
{
"String": "6E5P1699FI"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "DSSTox Substance ID",
"Description": "Substance identifier at the Distributed Structure-
Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database.",
"URL": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/distributed-
structure-searchable-toxicity-dsstox-database/",
"Information": [
{
"URL": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID2035069",
"Value": {
{
"String": "DTXSID2035069"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Wikipedia",
"Description": "Links to Wikipedia or wikidata for this record.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Wikipedia",
"URL": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_nitrate",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO",
"Description": "Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "UN 1469; Lead nitrate"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "IMO 5.1; Lead nitrate"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Standard Transportation Number",
"Description": "Standard Transportation Number",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "49 187 26; Lead nitrate"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Synonyms",
"Description": "Alternative names for this PubChem Compound record. A
compound can have many different names. For example, acetone (CH3C(=O)CH3) is also
known as propanone, propan-2-one, or dimethyl ketone. The brand name of a product
is commonly used to indicate the primary chemical ingredient(s) in the product
(e.g., Tylenol, a common pain killer, is often used for acetaminophen, its active
ingredient). Another example of common synonyms is record identifiers used in
different data collections, such as Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry
numbers, FDA UNII (Unique Ingredient Identifiers), and many others. All these
various names and identifiers that designate this compound are organized under the
Synonyms section.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "MeSH Entry Terms",
"Description": "Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) names or identifiers
matching this PubChem Compound record. The matching between the MeSH and compound
records is performed by name matching (i.e., identical common names).",
"ListType": "Columns"
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "lead (2+) nitrate"
},
{
"String": "lead nitrate"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Depositor-Supplied Synonyms",
"Description": "Chemical names provided by individual data
contributors. Synonyms of Substances corresponding to a PubChem Compound record are
combined. Some contributed names may be considered erroneous and filtered out. The
link on each synonym shows which depositors provided that particular synonym for
this structure.",
"ListType": "Columns",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead dinitrate"
},
{
"String": "LEAD NITRATE"
},
{
"String": "10099-74-8"
},
{
"String": "Plumbous nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Lead(2+) nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Lead (II) nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2)"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II)nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Nitrate de plomb [French]"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate (1:2)"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt"
},
{
"String": "UNII-6E5P1699FI"
},
{
"String": "CCRIS 1945"
},
{
"String": "HSDB 637"
},
{
"String": "EINECS 233-245-9"
},
{
"String": "UN1469"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid, lead(2+) salt (2:1)"
},
{
"String": "6E5P1699FI"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate, 99+%"
},
{
"String": "Lead, Reference Standard Solution"
},
{
"String": "Nitrate de plomb"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate, 99%, for analysis"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate, 99.999%, (trace metal
basis)"
},
{
"String": "Leaddinitrate"
},
{
"String": "Lead standard solution, for AAS, 1 mg-ml Pb in
2-5% HNO3"
},
{
"String": "N2O6Pb"
},
{
"String": "ACMC-1C3SI"
},
{
"String": "EC 233-245-9"
},
{
"String": "KSC174S7F"
},
{
"String": "DTXSID2035069"
},
{
"String": "CTK0H4972"
},
{
"String": "KS-00000URN"
},
{
"String": "RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N"
},
{
"String": "MFCD00011153"
},
{
"String": "Lead nitrate [UN1469] [Oxidizer]"
},
{
"String": "AKOS015903915"
},
{
"String": "Lead nitrate [UN1469] [Oxidizer]"
},
{
"String": "TRA0029848"
},
{
"String": "LS-87695"
},
{
"String": "S285"
},
{
"String": "SC-65090"
},
{
"String": "RT-001056"
},
{
"String": "C15234"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Removed Synonyms",
"Description": "Potentially erroneous chemical names and
identifiers provided by PubChem Substance records for the same chemical structure
that were removed by name/structure consistency filtering.",
"HideThisSection": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Plumb dulcis"
},
{
"String": "lead(2+) dinitrate"
},
{
"String": "lead (2+) nitrate"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid, lead salt"
},
{
"String": "LNT (CHRIS Code)"
},
{
"String": "AC1L2NRR"
},
{
"String": "lead(2+) ion dinitronate"
},
{
"String": "AC1Q1UI8"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate =99%"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid, lead(2) salt"
},
{
"String": "HNO3.1/2Pb"
},
{
"String": "Nitric Acid, Lead (2+) Salt"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid, lead(2++) salt"
},
{
"String": "H-N-O3.1/2Pb"
},
{
"String": "|E2-lead(2+) ion dinitronate"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate, ACS reagent"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate, 99% 100g"
},
{
"String": "CID24924"
},
{
"String": "NA1469"
},
{
"String": "Lead Nitrate 99% extra pure 500gm"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE LG 500G."
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE RG 100G."
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE RG 500G."
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99% 100G"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99% 500G"
},
{
"String": "LITHIUM CHLORIDE 0.1M 500ML"
},
{
"String": "LEAD NITRATE REAGENT XTL 500GM"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99% 2.5KG"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 0.5M 500ML"
},
{
"String": "Nitric acid lead(2+) salt-nu- (2:1)"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99.999% 1KG"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99.999% 50G"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE 99.999% 250G"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate =99.0% ACS, Flukatrade mark"
},
{
"String": "C017461"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate =99%, Puriss., Flukatrade
mark"
},
{
"String": "Lead(II) nitrate =99.999% (trace metals
basis)"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE ACS RGT >/= 99% 100G"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE ACS RGT >/= 99% 2.5KG"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE ACS RGT >/= 99% 500G"
},
{
"String": "LEAD(II) NITRATE PURISS >/= 99.0% 1KG"
},
{
"String": "I14-17619"
},
{
"String": "18256-98-9"
},
{
"String": "Lead (II) Nitrate 0.01M (0.02N) standardized
solution traceable to NIST 1ltr"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Create Date",
"Description": "Date the compound record was initially added to
PubChem",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
"DateISO8601": [
"2005-08-08"
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Modify Date",
"Description": "Date this record was last updated in PubChem",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
"DateISO8601": [
"2020-02-29"
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Chemical and Physical Properties",
"Description": "Chemical and physical properties such as melting point,
molecular weight, etc.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Computed Properties",
"Description": "Properties computed automatically from the given
chemical structure",
"CreateTable": {
"FromInformationIn": "Subsections",
"NumberOfColumns": 3,
"ColumnHeadings": [
"Property Name",
"Property Value",
"Reference"
],
"ColumnContents": [
"Name",
"Value",
"Reference"
]
}
},
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Molecular Weight",
"Description": "Molecular weight or molecular mass refers to the
mass of a molecule. It is calculated as the sum of the mass of each constituent
atom multiplied by the number of atoms of that element in the molecular formula.",
"MoveToTop": true
},
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
331
],
"Unit": "g/mol"
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Hydrogen Bond Donor Count",
"Description": "Hydrogen Bond Donor count",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)"
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count",
"Description": "Hydrogen Bond Acceptor count",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
6
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Rotatable Bond Count",
"Description": "Rotatable bond is defined as any single non-ring
bond, bounded to nonterminal heavy (i.e., non-hydrogen) atom.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Exact Mass",
"Description": "The exact mass of an isotopic species is obtained
by summing the masses of the individual isotopes of the molecule.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
331.95229
],
"Unit": "g/mol"
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Monoisotopic Mass",
"Description": "The monoisotopic mass is the sum of the masses of
the atoms in a molecule using the unbound, ground-state, rest mass of the principal
(most abundant) isotope for each element instead of the isotopic average mass.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
331.95229
],
"Unit": "g/mol"
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Topological Polar Surface Area",
"Description": "The topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a
molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms in a molecule. ",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
126
],
"Unit": "Å²"
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Heavy Atom Count",
"Description": "A heavy atom is defined as any atom except hydrogen
in a chemical structure.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Computed by PubChem"
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
9
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Formal Charge",
"Description": "Formal charge is the difference between the number
of valence electrons of each atom and the number of electrons the atom is
associated with. Formal charge assumes any shared electrons are equally shared
between the two bonded atoms.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Complexity",
"Description": "The complexity rating of a compound is a rough
estimate of how complicated a structure is, seen from both the point of view of the
elements contained and the displayed structural features including symmetry. This
complexity rating is computed using the Bertz/Hendrickson/Ihlenfeldt formula.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
18.8
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Isotope Atom Count",
"Description": "Isotopte Atom Count is the number of isotopes that
are not most abundant for the corresponding chemical elements. Isotopes are
variants of a chemical element which differ in neutron number. For example, among
three isotopes of carbon (i.e., C-12, C-13, and C-14), the isotope atom count
considers the C-13 and C-14 atoms, because C-12 is the most abundant isotope of
carbon.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Defined Atom Stereocenter Count",
"Description": "An atom stereocenter, also known as a chiral
center, is an atom that is attached to four different types of atoms (or groups of
atoms) in the tetrahedral arrangement. It can have either (R)- or (S)-
configurations. Some compounds, such as racemic mixtures, have an undefined atom
stereocenter, whose (R/S)-configuration is not specifically defined.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count",
"Description": "An atom stereocenter, also known as a chiral
center, is an atom that is attached to four different types of atoms (or groups of
atoms) in the tetrahedral arrangement. It can have either (R)- or (S)-
configurations. Some compounds, such as racemic mixtures, have an undefined atom
stereocenter, whose (R/S)-configuration is not specifically defined.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Defined Bond Stereocenter Count",
"Description": "A bond stereocenter is a non-rotatable bond around
which two atoms can have different arrangement (as in cis- and trans-forms of
butene around its double bond). Some compounds have an undefined bond
stereocenter, whose stereochemistry is not specifically defined.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count",
"Description": "A bond stereocenter is a non-rotatable bond around
which two atoms can have different arrangement (as in cis- and trans-forms of
butene around its double bond). Some compounds have an undefined bond
stereocenter, whose stereochemistry is not specifically defined.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
0
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Covalently-Bonded Unit Count",
"Description": "Covalently-Bonded Unit Count ",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
"Number": [
3
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Compound Is Canonicalized",
"Description": "Compound is canonicalized",
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],
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}
]
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}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Experimental Properties",
"Description": "Properties determined experimentally (See also Safety
and Hazard Properties section for more information if available)",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Physical Description",
"Description": "Physical description refers to the appearance or
features of a given chemical compound including color, odor, state, taste and more
in general",
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{
"Name": "Physical Description",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate is a white crystalline solid. The
material is soluble in water. It is noncombustible but it will accelerate the
burning of combustible materials. If large quantities of the material are involved
in the fire an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure of the material to fire or
heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires
involving this material.",
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]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "DryPowder; Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "WHITE OR COLOURLESS CRYSTALS."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Color/Form",
"Description": "Physical description - color",
"Information": [
{
"Description": "PEER REVIEWED",
"Reference": [
"O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of
Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc.,
2006., p. 938"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "White or colorless translucent crystals"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH
Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 4-70"
],
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{
"String": "Colorless, cubic crystals"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Melting Point",
"Description": "The melting point is the temperature at which a
substance changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure. When
considered as the temperature of the reverse change, from liquid to solid, it is
referred to as the freezing point.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "470 °C"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Solubility",
"Description": "The solubility of a substance is the amount of that
substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. The default solvent is
water, if not indicated.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Slightly soluble in ethanol",
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}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
2006., p. 938"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "1 g in 2 mL cold water; 1 g in 0.75 mL boiling
water; 1 g in 2500 mL absolute alcohol; 1 g in 75 mL absolute methanol; insol in
concentrated nitric acid",
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},
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},
{
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},
{
"Start": 141,
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}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
75th ed. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press Inc., 1994-1995., p. 4-68"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "37.65 g/100 cu cm water at 0 °C; 56.5 g/100 cu
cm at 20 °C; 127 g/100 cu cm at 100 °C",
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},
{
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],
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{
"String": "59.7 g/100 cu cm of water at 25 °C",
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}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 52",
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]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Density",
"Description": "The density of a substance is its mass per unit
volume.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Density",
"Reference": [
"U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information
System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "4.53 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
2006., p. 938"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "4.53 g/cu cm"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Relative density (water = 1): 4.6",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 18,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Decomposition",
"Description": "The decomposition temperature of a substance is the
temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken,
NJ. 2004., p. 2217"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "When heated to decomp ... emits very toxic
fumes of /lead and nitrogen oxides/."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"WHO; Environ Health Criteria #165: Lead p.35 (1995)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate decomposes at 470 °C.",
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]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "290 °C. This produces toxic fumes of nitrogen
oxides and lead oxides. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with
combustible and reducing materials. Reacts violently with ammonium thiocyanate,
red-hot carbon and lead hypophosphate.",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 218,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Carbon",
"Extra": "Element-Carbon"
}
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}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "pH",
"Description": "pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an
aqueous solution.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
2006., p. 938"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "3.0-4.0 (20% aq soln at 25 °C)"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Refractive Index",
"Description": "Index of refraction n of a substance is a
dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates
through that medium.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Index of refraction: 1.782"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Other Experimental Properties",
"Description": "Additional property information.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th
ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1987-1988., p. E-42"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "CONSTANT HUMIDITY: 88.4% at 103.5 °C and 760
mm Hg aq tension"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS -
Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1984-5."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Heat of Solution: 23 cal/g (41 Btu/lb or
0.96X10+5 J/kg) /HNO3.PB(X)/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Carr DS et al; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology. (2001). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Lead Compounds. Online Posting Date:
June 18, 2004."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Above 205 °C, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide are
driven off, and basic lead nitrates are formed. Above 470 °C, decomposes to lead
monoxide and Pb3O4.",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 14,
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"Extra": "Element-Oxygen"
},
{
"Start": 25,
"Length": 16,
"URL":
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},
{
"Start": 122,
"Length": 13,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/lead%20monoxide",
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]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"WHO; Environ Health Criteria: Lead p.32 (1977)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead is derived from the decay of radon.
/Inorganic lead/",
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"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Radon",
"Extra": "Element-Radon"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk
of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency
for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at:
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V87: 39 (2006)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Natural lead is a mixture of four stable
isotopes: Pb-204 (1.4%), Pb-206 (25.2%), Pb-207 (21.7%) and Pb-208 (51.7%). Lead
isotopes are the end-products of each of the three series of naturally occurring
radioactive elements: Pb-206 for the uranium series, Pb-207 for the actinium series
and Pb-208 for the thorium series. Forty-three other isotopes of lead, all of which
are radioactive, are recognized.",
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},
{
"Start": 271,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Actinium",
"Extra": "Element-Actinium"
},
{
"Start": 306,
"Length": 7,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Thorium",
"Extra": "Element-Thorium"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Kayser, R., D. Sterling, D. Viviani (eds.). Intermedia
Priority Pollutant Guidance Documents. Washington, DC: U.S.Environmental Protection
Agency, July 1982., p. 1-1"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Divalent lead has a strong affinity for
inorganic ions containing oxygen (eg, carbonate) or sulfur (sulfide). Lead can also
complex with electron rich ligands in many organic cmpd such as amino acids,
proteins, and humic acid.",
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]
}
}
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}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Spectral Information",
"Description": "Spectral data for chemical compounds",
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"TOCHeading": "IR Spectra",
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"String": "KBr WAFER"
}
]
}
},
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"Name": "Source of Sample",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, Missouri"
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Copyright",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Copyright © 1980, 1981-2018 Bio-Rad
Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved."
}
]
}
},
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"URL": "https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2Xp360HbB3w",
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},
{
"URL": "https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/GVrCrbDrMbS",
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],
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}
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}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Raman Spectra",
"Description": "Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to
observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.",
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"String": "FT-Raman"
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},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland"
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Catalog Number",
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"String": "15335"
}
]
}
},
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"String": "Copyright © 1980, 1981-2018 Bio-Rad Laboratories,
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}
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},
{
"TOCHeading": "Related Records",
"Description": "Related compounds/substances information based on the
similar structure, annotations, etc.",
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"TOCHeading": "Related Compounds with Annotation",
"Description": "The subset of compounds that are related to the one
currently displayed AND that have biomedical annotations.",
"Information": [
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"Boolean": [
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}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Component Compounds",
"Description": "Component parts of the molecule when the molecule has
more than one covalent unit.",
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},
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "CID 944 (Nitric acid)",
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},
{
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"Description": "Substance category according to the depositors.
Substance Categorization Classification - The subheaders in this section of a
PubChem Compound record reflect the various categories of depositors that have
submitted corresponding PubChem Substance records. This allows you to quickly find
the corresponding PubChem Substance records that are likely to contain a given type
of information, such as Chemical Reactions.",
"URL": "https://pubchemdocs.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substances",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}
]
}
}
]
}
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vendor may have multiple products containing the same chemical, but different in
various aspects, such as amount and purity. For each product, the external
identifier used to locate the product on the vendor's website is provided under the
Purcharsable Chemical column, and clicking this identifier directs you to the
vendor's website. The information on the product provided by the vendor to PubChem
can be accessed at the Summary page of the corresponding PubChem Substance ID
(SID). Note that the order of chemical vendors on the list is randomized, and that
PubChem do not endorse any of the vendors.",
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necropsied 96 hr after dosing, and the (210)Pb contents of various tissues was
determined. The data demonstrate that infant monkeys retain significantly more lead
than adults. Blood (210)Pb levels 96 hr after dosing did not vary significantly
between age groups, and of the (210)Pb contained in blood, 98-99% was found in the
cells, and 1-2% in the plasma. In the cells, 5-8% of the (210)Pb was bound to the
cell membranes. The distribution between blood components did not vary
significantly with age. The percentage of the lead dose excreted in urine did not
vary significantly between age groups. Both the tissue Pb concn and tissue-blood Pb
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in the adults. The brain:blood Pb ratio in the infants was significantly higher
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Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971. London: The
Chemical Society, 1972., p. 157"
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Aspects (1989). Available from, as of October 22, 2009:
http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html"
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gills was dose-related, with the highest levels for viscera and gills being 86,000
and 4,560 mg/kg dry wt, respectively. The complexans reduced the uptake of lead at
all dose levels. Concn in viscera ranged from 399 to 690 mg/kg for the three
complexans, and 298 to 645 mg/kg in gills, after exposure to 20 mg/Lead (which had
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(2001). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Lead Compounds. Online Posting Date: June 18,
2004."
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agent in titanium removal from clays; in red lead manufacture; in matches,
pyrotechnics and explosives; in rayon delustering, as a heat stabilizer in nylon,
as a coating on paper for photothermography, as an esterification catalyst for
polyesters, as a rodenticide, as an electroluminescent mixture with zinc sulfide,
as a means of electrodepositing lead dioxide coatings on nickel anodes, and as a
means of recovering precious metals from cyanide soln.",
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"Value": {
{
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"Reference": [
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Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for
Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at:
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"Description": "Formulations/Preparations",
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{
"String": "98+% /Grade of purity"
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]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Rodnan N; Chemcyclopedia 1999. American Chemical Society,
Washington, DC p.125 (1998)"
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crystals."
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{
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{
"Reference": [
"US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted
by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Nitric
acid, lead(2+) salt (10099-74-8). Available from, as of November 3, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.html"
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{
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chemicals and to inform users about these hazards. GHS has been adopted by many
countries around the world and is now also used as the basis for international and
national transport regulations for dangerous goods. The GHS hazard statements,
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companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may
be associated with multiple companies."
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{
"String": "Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by
36 of 177 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L
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"Value": {
{
"String": "P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P260, P261,
P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312,
P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313,
P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501"
},
{
"String": "(The corresponding statement to each P-code
can be found at the GHS Classification page.)",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 64,
"Length": 18,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#_prec"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Pictogram(s)",
"Value": {
{
"String": " ",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Oxidizer"
},
{
"Start": 1,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
"Extra": "Irritant"
},
{
"Start": 2,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
},
{
"Start": 3,
"Length": 1,
"URL":
"Type": "Icon",
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Signal",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Danger",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 6,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "GHS Hazard Statements",
"Value": {
{
"String": ""
},
{
"String": "H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger
Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 36,
"Length": 6,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin
corrosion/irritation]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning
Serious eye damage/eye irritation]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 37,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects
[Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 44,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning
Carcinogenicity]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 35,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child
[Danger Reproductive toxicity]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 48,
"Length": 6,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific
target organ toxicity, single exposure]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 31,
"Length": 6,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H372: Causes damage to organs through
prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated
exposure]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 70,
"Length": 6,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 34,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": "H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long
lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 60,
"Length": 7,
"Type": "Color",
}
]
},
{
"String": ""
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Precautionary Statement Codes",
"Value": {
{
"String": "P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P260, P264,
P270, P273, P280, P281, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P314,
P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501"
},
{
"String": "(The corresponding statement to each P-code
can be found at the GHS Classification page.)",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 64,
"Length": 18,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#_prec"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC)",
"Description": "This section provides related information to
restricted substances, highly hazardous chemicals, substance with high concerns.",
},
"Information": [
{
"Name": "REACH SVHC Substance",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Substance: Lead dinitrate"
},
{
"String": "Reason: Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)"
},
{
"String": "Decision Document: PDF Link",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 19,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/e1c55ba4-1f9a-4633-b4c3-fdaba005b095"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Health Hazard",
"Description": "Description of the chemical's health hazards (such
as toxicity, flammability, or corrosivity).",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Health Hazard",
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Early symptoms of lead intoxicatin via
inhalation or ingestion are most commonly gastrointestinal disorders, colic,
constipation, etc.; weakness, which may go on to paralysis, chiefly of the extensor
muscles of the wrists and less often the ankles, is noticeable in the most serious
cases. Ingestion of a large amount causes local irritation of the alimentary tract;
pain, leg cramps, muscle weakness, paresthesias, depression, coma, and death may
follow in 1 or 2 days. Contact with eyes causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)"
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "Health Hazard",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Carcinogen, Teratogen"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Fire Hazard",
"Description": "Fire Hazard",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Fire Hazard",
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic
oxides of nitrogen may form in fire. Behavior in Fire: Increases the intensity of
a fire when in contact with burning material. Use plenty of water to cool
containers or spilled material. (USCG, 1999)",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 189,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Not combustible but enhances combustion of
other substances."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Fire Potential",
"Description": "Fire Potential",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy,
MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 491-44"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate reacts with brilliant sparks when
projected on red-hot carbon.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 68,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Strong oxidizing material. Dangerous fire risk
in contact with organic materials."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "EPA Hazardous Waste Number",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may
not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized,
must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Safety and Hazard Properties",
"Description": "Safety and Hazard Properties lists the chemical's
safety and hazard characteristics",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "OSHA Standards",
"Description": "OSHA Standards",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"29 CFR 1910.1025(c) (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and
Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from,
as of November 2, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Permissible Exposure Limit: The employer shall
assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than 50 ug/cu
m of air averaged over an 8-hr period. If an employee is exposed to lead for more
than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a TWA for that day,
shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in
ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. /Lead, inorganic, as
Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"29 CFR 1910.1025(k) (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and
Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as
of November 2, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The employer shall remove an employee from
work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that
a periodic and a follow-up blood sampling test conducted pursuant to this section
indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole
blood; and, the employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to
lead at or above the action level on each occasion that the average of the last
three blood sampling tests conducted pursuant to this section (or the average of
all blood sampling tests conducted over the previous six (6) months, whichever is
longer) indicates that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 50 ug/100 g
of whole blood; provided, however, that an employee need not be removed if the last
blood sampling test indicates a blood lead level at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole
blood. ... The employer shall return an employee to his or her former job
status: ... when two consecutive blood sampling tests indicate that the employee's
blood lead level is at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall
provide to an employee up to eighteen (18) months of medical removal protection
benefits on each occasion that an employee is removed from exposure to lead or
otherwise limited pursuant to this section. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"29 CFR 1915.1025 (USDOL); U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of
November 2, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Permissible Exposure Limit: The employer shall
assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than 50 ug/cu
m of air averaged over an 8-hr period. If an employee is exposed to lead for more
than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a TWA for that day,
shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in
ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. /Lead, inorganic, as
Pb; Shipyard Employment/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The employer shall remove an employee from
work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that
a periodic and a follow-up blood sampling test conducted pursuant to this section
indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole
blood; and, the employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to
lead at or above the action level on each occasion that the average of the last
three blood sampling tests conducted pursuant to this section (or the average of
all blood sampling tests conducted over the previous six (6) months, whichever is
longer) indicates that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 50 ug/100 g
of whole blood; provided, however, that an employee need not be removed if the last
blood sampling test indicates a blood lead level at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole
blood. ... The employer shall return an employee to his or her former job
status: ... when two consecutive blood sampling tests indicate that the employee's
blood lead level is at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall
provide to an employee up to eighteen (18) months of medical removal protection
benefits on each occasion that an employee is removed from exposure to lead or
otherwise limited pursuant to this section. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb; Shipyard
Empolyment/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Permissible Exposure Limit: (1) The employer
shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than
fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 ug/cu m) averaged over an 8-hour
period. (2) If an employee is exposed to lead for more than 8 hours in any work day
the employees' allowable exposure, as a time weighted average (TWA) for that day,
shall be reduced according to the following formula: Allowable employee exposure
(in ug/cu m) = 400 divided by hours worked in the day. (3) When respirators are
used to limit employee exposure as required under paragraph (c) of this section and
all the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) and (f) of this section have been met,
employee exposure may be considered to be at the level provided by the protection
factor of the respirator for those periods the respirator is worn. Those periods
may be averaged with exposure levels during periods when respirators are not worn
to determine the employee's daily TWA exposure. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb;
Construction Work/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Blood lead levels of 50-60 ug/100 g in
children can cause significant neurobehavioral impairments, and there is evidence
of hyperactivity at blood levels as low as 25 ug/100 g. Given the overall body of
literature concerning the adverse health effects of lead in children, OSHA feels
that the blood level in children should be maintained below 30 ug/100 g with a
population mean of 15 ug/100 g. Blood lead levels in the fetus and newborn likewise
should not exceed 30 ug/100 g. /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "NIOSH Recommendations",
"Description": "NIOSH Recommendations",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other
Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease
Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS
(NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "NIOSH considers \"Lead\" to mean metallic
lead, lead oxides, and lead salts (including organic salts such as lead soaps but
excluding lead arsenate)."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-
Weighted Avg: 0.050 mg/cu m /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Air concentrations should be maintained so
that worker blood lead remains less than 0.06 mg Pb/100 g of whole blood."
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "First Aid Measures",
"Description": "First-aid measures includes important symptoms/
effects, acute, delayed; required treatment.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "First Aid",
"Description": "First Aid information",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "First Aid",
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Remove at once all cases of lead intoxication
from further exposure until the blood level is reduced to a safe value; immediately
place the individual under medical care. INGESTION: give gastric lavage using 1%
solution of sodium or magnesium sulfate; leave 15-30 gm magnesium sulfate in 6-8
oz. of water in the stomach as antidote and cathartic; egg white, milk, and tannin
are useful demulcents; atropine sulfate and other antispasmodics may relieve
abdominal pain, but morphine may be necessary. EYES or SKIN: flush with water.
(USCG, 1999)",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 225,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Sodium",
"Extra": "Element-Sodium"
},
{
"Start": 235,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/magnesium%20sulfate",
},
{
"Start": 269,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/magnesium%20sulfate",
},
{
"Start": 301,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 400,
"Length": 16,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/atropine%20sulfate",
"Extra": "CID-5927"
},
{
"Start": 474,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/morphine",
"Extra": "CID-5288826"
},
{
"Start": 528,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Inhalation First Aid",
"Description": "Information regarding the Inhalation First Aid",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Skin First Aid",
"Description": "Information regarding the Skin First Aid",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with
plenty of water or shower.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 55,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Eye First Aid",
"Description": "Eye First Aid",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "First rinse with plenty of water for several
minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical
attention.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 27,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Ingestion First Aid",
"Description": "Information regarding the Ingestion First Aid",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . See
Notes."
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Fire Fighting",
"Description": "Fire Fighting information",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Fire Fighting",
"Reference": [
"U.S. Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and
Secretariat of Communications and Transport of Mexico, with collaboration from
Argentina's Centro de Información Química para Emergencias. 2016 Emergency Response
Guidebook. https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/outreach-training/erg (accessed April
26, 2016)."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:
SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide
limited control. LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not
move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Move containers from fire
area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose
holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire
burn. (ERG, 2016)",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 65,
"Length": 5,
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 114,
"Length": 5,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Halon",
"Extra": "CID-6391"
},
{
"Start": 184,
"Length": 5,
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 503,
"Length": 5,
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "In case of fire in the surroundings, use
appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by
spraying with water.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 131,
"Length": 5,
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
],
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Fire Fighting Procedures",
"Description": "Fire fighting measures list suitable extinguishing
techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives.
Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of
American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 525"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable -
consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood
with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply
water from as far a distance as possible.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 52,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 116,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 129,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Accidental Release Measures",
"Description": "Accidental release measures lists emergency procedures;
protective equipment; proper methods of containment and cleanup.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Isolation and Evacuation",
"Description": "Information related to isolation and evacuation",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Isolation and Evacuation",
"Reference": [
26, 2016)."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers -
Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all
directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75
feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least
100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a
fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial
evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Spillage Disposal",
"Description": "Procedures for Spillage Disposal",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Personal protection: chemical protection suit
including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the
environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate,
moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and
dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other
combustible absorbents."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Cleanup Methods",
"Description": "Procedures for cleanup",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Evironmental considerations - Land spill: Dig
a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If
time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed
with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to
prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 335,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Environmental considerations - Water spill:
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical
dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 31,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Water",
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 115,
"Length": 18,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium%20bicarbonate",
"Extra": "CID-516892"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Disposal Methods",
"Description": "Disposal Methods for this chemical",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (USEPA); U.S. National
Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
Available from, as of November 2, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Generators of waste (equal to or greater than
100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must
conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal
of waste. /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Preventive Measures",
"Description": "Information on Preventive Measures",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"ITII. Toxic and Hazarous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual.
Tokyo, Japan: The International Technical Information Institute, 1982., p. 300"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Separate this cmpd from inflammable organics
or easily oxidizable substances."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts.
Avoid bodily contact with material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing
appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have
contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 253,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 271,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "If material not on fire and not involved in
fire: Keep sparks, flames and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of
water sources and sewers.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 127,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should
be segregated in a manner so that results in no direct personal contact by
personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance
procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented
prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the
workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at
end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning."
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression,
cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be
contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product
concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental
discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a
permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the
governing authority and assurance that \"pass through\" violations will not occur.
Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal
and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is
not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in
accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine
the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The worker should wash daily at the end of
each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Work clothing that becomes wet or
significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced. /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Workers whose clothing may have become
contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work
premises. /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Handling and Storage",
"Description": "Handling and storage lists precautions for safe
handling and storage, including incompatibilities.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Nonfire Spill Response",
"Description": "Information for Nonfire Spill Response",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Nonfire Spill Response",
"Reference": [
26, 2016)."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers -
Toxic]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do
not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate
protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL DRY SPILL:
With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move
containers from spill area. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later
disposal. (ERG, 2016)"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Safe Storage",
"Description": "Information for Safe Storage",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Separated from combustible substances,
reducing agents and food and feedstuffs."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Storage Conditions",
"Description": "Information for Storage Conditions",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Bureau of Explosives; Hazardous Matls Regs of DOT p.64
(1984) ICC No. BOE-6000D"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Stow away from foodstuffs."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Office, 1984-5."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Storage temp: ambient. Venting: open."
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Exposure Control and Personal Protection",
"Description": "Exposure controls and personal protection list OSHA's
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); Threshold Limit Values (TLVs); appropriate
engineering controls; personal protective equipment (PPE) and more.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)",
"Description": "Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "100 mg/cu m /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Threshold Limit Values (TLV)",
"Description": "Threshold Limit Values (TLV)",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents
and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2010, p. 37"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m.
/Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in
worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of
30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times
the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Lead and inorganic
compounds, as Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown
relevance to humans. /Lead and inorganic compounds, as Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant:
lead in blood; Sampling Time: not critical; BEI: 30 ug/100 mL. [Note: Women of
child bearing potential, whose blood Pb exceeds 10 ug/dL, are at risk of delivering
a child with a blood Pb over the current Centers for Disease Control guideline of
10 ug/dL. If the blood Pb of such children remains elevated, they may be at
increased risk of cognitive deficits. The blood Pb of these children should be
closely monitored and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the child's
exposure to environmental lead.] /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "0.05 mg/m3, as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal
carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans)."
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen
group: 3A."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines",
"Description": "Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"50 CFR 20.134(b)(5) (United States Fish and Wildlife
Service, Department of the Interior); U.S. National Archives and Records
October 30, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Residual lead levels. The /U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service's/ maximum environmentally acceptable level of lead in shot is
trace amounts or <1 percent. Any shot manufactured with lead levels equal to or
exceeding 1 percent are considered toxic and, therefore, illegal."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"16 CFR 1303.1(a) (Commercial Practices); U.S. National
Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.
Available from, as of October 30, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety
Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer
use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated
as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent (0.06 percent is reduced to 0.009
percent effective August 14, 2009 as mandated by Congress in section 101(f) of the
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110-314) of the weight of
the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film
(which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter
as \"lead-containing paint\") are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9
of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058. The following
consumer products are also declared to be banned hazardous products: (1) Toys and
other articles intended for use by children that bear \"lead-containing paint\".
(2) Furniture articles for consumer use that bear \"lead-containing paint\".",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 730,
"Length": 4,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/CPSA",
"Extra": "multiple-CIDs"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"24 CFR 35.80 (USHUD); U.S. National Archives and Records
October 14, 2009: http://www.ecfr.gov"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or
Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property: This subpart
implements the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 4852d, which impose certain requirements on
the sale or lease of target housing. Under this subpart, a seller or lessor of
target housing shall disclose to the purchaser or lessee the presence of any known
lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards; provide available records and
reports; provide the purchaser or lessee with a lead hazard information pamphlet;
give purchasers a 10-day opportunity to conduct a risk assessment or inspection;
and attach specific disclosure and warning language to the sales or leasing
contract before the purchaser or lessee is obligated under a contract to purchase
or lease target housing."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"40 CFR 745 Lead; Identification of Dangerous Levels of Lead;
Final Rule (January 5, 2001)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Establishes standards for lead-based paint
hazards in most pre-1978 housing and child-occupied facilities. This regulation
supports the implementation of regulations already promulgated, and others under
development, which deal with worker training and certification, lead hazard
disclosure in real estate transactions, requirements for lead cleanup under State
authorities, lead hazard evaluation and control in Federally-owned housing prior to
sale and housing receiving Federal assistance, and U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) grants to local jurisdictions to perform lead hazard
control. Establishes, under authority of TSCA section 402, residential lead dust
cleanup levels and amendments to dust and soil sampling requirements.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 646,
"Length": 4,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/TSCA",
"Extra": "CID-110408"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"US EPA; Residential Lead Hazard Standards - TSCA Section
403. Available from, as of November 4, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/lead/pubs/leadhaz.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead is considered a hazard when equal to or
exceeding 40 micrograms of lead in dust per square foot on floors, 250 micrograms
of lead in dust per square foot on interior window sills, and 400 parts per million
(ppm) of lead in bare soil in children's play areas or 1200 ppm average for bare
soil in the rest of the yard."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"NIOSH; NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Adult Blood Lead
Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES). Available at, as of November 4, 2009:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ABLES/ables-description.html"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance
(ABLES) is a state-based surveillance program of laboratory-reported adult blood
lead levels. The public health objective of the ABLES program is to reduce the rate
of adults (age 16 or older) who have blood lead levels of 25 micrograms per
deciliter (ug/dL) or greater. The ABLES program aims to accomplish this objective
by building state capacity to initiate or improve adult blood lead surveillance
programs which can accurately measure trends in adult blood lead levels and which
can effectively intervene to prevent lead over-exposures."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"CDC; CDC's Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.
Available from, as of October 29, 2009:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/about/program.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The Lead Contamination Control Act of 1988
authorized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to initiate program
efforts to eliminate childhood lead poisoning in the United States. As a result of
this Act, the CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program was created. This
Program has primary responsibility to develop programs and policies to prevent
childhood lead poisoning, educate the public and health-care providers about
childhood lead poisoning, provide funding to state and local health departments to
determine the extent of childhood lead poisoning by screening children for elevated
blood lead levels, helping to ensure that lead-poisoned infants and children
receive medical and environmental follow-up, and developing neighborhood-based
efforts to prevent childhood lead poisoning, and support research to determine the
effectiveness of prevention efforts at federal, state, and local levels."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"CDC; CDC's Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program.
Available from, as of October 29, 2009:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/about/program.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "One of the goals of Healthy People 2010 is the
elimination of childhood lead poisoning as a public health problem. CDC, HUD, EPA,
and other agencies have developed a federal interagency strategy to achieve this
goal by 2010. The key elements include: identification and control of lead paint
hazards; identification and care for children with elevated blood lead levels;
surveillance of elevated blood lead levels in children to monitor progress; and
research to further improve childhood lead poisoning prevention methods."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"US EPA; Notice of Availability of Revisions to the NLLAP; 73
FR: 3967(1/23/08)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program
(TSCA section 405(b)) assures the public that analytical laboratories recognized by
the EPA NLLAP have demonstrated they are capable of analyzing for lead in paint
chip, dust, and/or soil samples. A list of EPA recognized lead laboratories is
updated on a periodic basis and is available from the National Lead Information
Center Clearinghouse upon request.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 48,
"Length": 4,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-110408"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"US EPA; Training and Certification Program for Lead-Based
Paint Activities in Target Housing and Child Occupied Facilities - Section 402/404.
Available at, as of October 30, 2009:
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead/pubs/leadcert.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The Lead-based Paint Activities Training and
Certification Rule (61 FR 45778) required that after March 1, 1999, training
programs could no longer provide, offer, or claim to provide training or refresher
training for lead-based paint activities defined at section 745.223 without being
accredited by EPA according to the requirements of section 745.225. The rule also
stated that after August 30, 1999, no individuals or firms could perform, offer, or
claim to perform lead-based paint activities as defined at section 745.223 without
certification from EPA under section 745.226 to conduct those activities."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"USFDA; Guidance for Industry: Action Levels for Poisonous or
Deleterious Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed (August 200). Available from,
as of August 19, 2010:
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/C
hemicalContaminantsandPesticides/ucm077969.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Guidance for Industry: Action Levels for
Poisonous or Deleterious Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed. /Lead/"
},
{
"String": "Table: Lead [Table#1799]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 12,
"Length": 12,
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "[Table#1799]",
"Value": {
"Binary": [
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W5jZSBQb2xpY3kgR3VpZGUgNTQ1LjQ1MCIKIkNlcmFtaWN3YXJlOiBTbWFsbCBob2xsb3d3YXJlIChvdGhl
ciB0aGFuIGN1cHMgYW5kIG11Z3MpIChhbnkgMSBvZiA2IHVuaXRzKSIsIjIuMCIsIkNvbXBsaWFuY2UgUG9
saWN5IEd1aWRlIDU0NS40NTAiCiJDZXJhbWljd2FyZTogTGFyZ2UgaG9sbG93d2FyZSAob3RoZXIgdGhhbi
BwaXRjaGVycykgKGFueSAxIG9mIDYgdW5pdHMpIiwiMS4wIiwiQ29tcGxpYW5jZSBQb2xpY3kgR3VpZGUgN
TQ1LjQ1MCIKIkNlcmFtaWN3YXJlOiBDdXBzIGFuZCBtdWdzIChhbnkgMSBvZiA2IHVuaXRzKSIsIjAuNSIs
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xIG9mIDYgdW5pdHMpIiwiMC41IiwiQ29tcGxpYW5jZSBQb2xpY3kgR3VpZGUgNTQ1LjQ1MCIKIlNpbHZlci
1wbGF0ZWQgaG9sbG93d2FyZTogUHJvZHVjdHMgaW50ZW5kZWQgZm9yIHVzZSBieSBhZHVsdHMgKGF2ZXJhZ
2Ugb2YgNiB1bml0cykiLCI3IiwiQ29tcGxpYW5jZSBQb2xpY3kgR3VpZGUgNTQ1LjUwMCIKIlNpbHZlci1w
bGF0ZWQgaG9sbG93d2FyZTogUHJvZHVjdHMgaW50ZW5kZWQgZm9yIHVzZSBieSBpbmZhbnRzIGFuZCBjaGl
sZHJlbiAoYW55IDEgb2YgNiB1bml0cykiLCIwLjUiLCJDb21wbGlhbmNlIFBvbGljeSBHdWlkZSA1NDUuNT
AwIgo="
],
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 5th
ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
1986., p. 344"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "USSR (1977) 0.01 mg/cu m; Hungary (1974) 0.02
mg/cu m; Czechoslavakia (1976), Poland (1976): 0.05 mg/cu m; Romania (1975), Sweden
(1975) and West Germany (1975): 0.1 mg/cu m; East Germany (1973), Finland (1975)
and Yugoslavia (1971): 0.15 mg/cu m. /Lead, inorganic cmpd, dust and fume, as
lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Inhalation Risk",
"Description": "Inhalation Risk",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful
concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when
dispersed, especially if powdered."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Effects of Short Term Exposure",
"Description": "Effects of Short Term Exposure",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin
and respiratory tract."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Effects of Long Term Exposure",
"Description": "Effects of Long Term Exposure",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "The substance may have effects on the blood,
gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver and nervous system. This may result in
anaemia, hypertension, kidney impairment, liver impairment, convulsions and
paralysis. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Causes serious
reproductive toxicity in humans."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Acceptable Daily Intakes",
"Description": "Acceptable Daily Intakes",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"WHO; Environ Health Criteria 3: Lead p.127 (1977)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Tolerable intake of lead for preschool
children should be less than the 3 mg/wk recommended provisionally for
adults. ... /Inorganic lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Seiler, H.G., H. Sigel and A. Sigel (eds.). Handbook on the
Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1988., p. 843"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "0.007 mg/kg (WHO) /Lead; from table/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)",
"Description": "Personal Protection",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Rubber gloves, safety glasses, face mask, and
self-contained breathing apparatus."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Wear appropriate personal protective clothing
to prevent skin contact. /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye
contact. /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Up to 0.5 mg/cu m.
/Lead/ [Table#1791]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 54,
"Length": 12,
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "[Table#1791]",
"Value": {
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pZWQtYWlyIHJlc3BpcmF0b3IuIgo="
],
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1.25 mg/cu
m. /Lead/ [Table#1792]",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 55,
"Length": 12,
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "[Table#1792]",
"Value": {
"Binary": [
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],
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2.5 mg/cu m.
"Markup": [
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"Start": 54,
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}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "[Table#1793]",
"Value": {
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],
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu
m. /Lead/ [Table#1794]",
"Markup": [
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}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Name": "[Table#1794]",
"Value": {
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],
}
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],
"Value": {
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"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Up to 100 mg/cu m.
"Markup": [
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}
]
}
]
}
},
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},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or
planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: /Lead/ [Table#1796]",
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}
]
}
]
}
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},
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"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions:
"Markup": [
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}
]
}
]
}
},
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}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Fire Prevention",
"Description": "Fire Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "NO contact with flammables."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Exposure Prevention",
"Description": "Exposure Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF
(PREGNANT) WOMEN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Inhalation Prevention",
"Description": "Inhalation Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing
protection."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Skin Prevention",
"Description": "Skin Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Protective gloves. Protective clothing."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Eye Prevention",
"Description": "Eye Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Wear safety goggles or eye protection in
combination with breathing protection."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Ingestion Prevention",
"Description": "Ingestion Prevention",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash
hands before eating."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Protective Equipment and Clothing",
"Description": "Protective Equipment and Clothing",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Protective Equipment and Clothing",
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Dust mask and protective gloves (USCG, 1999)"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Stability and Reactivity",
"Description": "Stability and reactivity lists chemical stability and
possibility of hazardous reactions. (See also Stability section under the
Experimental Properties if available)",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Air and Water Reactions",
"Description": "Special alerts if the chemical reacts with air,
water, or moisture.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Air and Water Reactions",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Water soluble."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Reactive Group",
"Description": "List of reactive groups that the chemical is
assigned to, based on its known chemistry. Reactive groups are categories of
chemicals that react in similar ways because their chemical structures are
similar.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Reactive Group",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 7,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nitrate",
"Extra": "CID-943"
},
{
"Start": 12,
"Length": 7,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nitrite",
"Extra": "CID-946"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Reactivity Alerts",
"Description": "Special alerts if the chemical is especially
reactive",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Reactivity Alerts",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Strong Oxidizing Agent"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Reactivity Profile",
"Description": "Generic reactivity information from CAMEO.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "Reactivity Profile",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl
esters may explode because of the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures of nitrate
with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride or other reducing agents may react explosively
[Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109]. An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished an
autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from
ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate [C. Angew. Chem. 49:23. 1936].",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 122,
"Length": 7,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/nitrate",
"Extra": "CID-943"
},
{
"Start": 135,
"Length": 10,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Phosphorus",
"Extra": "Element-Phosphorus"
},
{
"Start": 259,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/guanidine%20nitrate",
},
{
"Start": 368,
"Length": 20,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 393,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/lead%20nitrate",
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities",
"Description": "Information for Reactivities and
Incompatibilities",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Ignites or explodes when in presence of
organic or easily oxidizable cmpd."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th
ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 28"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Many metal oxo-compounds (nitrates, oxides,
and particularly sulfates) and sulfides are reduced violently or explosively (ie
undergo \"thermite\" reaction) on heating an intimate mixture with aluminium powder
to a suitably high temperature. Contact of massive aluminium with molten salts may
give explosions. /Metal oxo-cmpd/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 190,
"Length": 9,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/aluminium",
"Extra": "CID-5359268"
},
{
"Start": 258,
"Length": 9,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/aluminium",
"Extra": "CID-5359268"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th
ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990, p. 1357"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Contact with red hot carbon causes an
explosion with showers of sparks. If lead nitrate is used ... as the source of
divalent lead, the crude dicyclopentadienyllead may explode violently during
purification by high-vacuum sublimation at 100-130 °C. A heated mixture of /lead
nitrate/ and /potassium acetate/ exploded violently.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 21,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 75,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 270,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 289,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/potassium%20acetate",
"Extra": "CID-517044"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p.
2036"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Reacts violently with ammonium thiocyanate;
carbon; lead hypophosphite.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 22,
"Length": 20,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 44,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Mixture /of lead hypophosphite and lead
nitrate/ forms highly explosive double salt with rate of detonation greater than
that of mercury fulminate.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 35,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "An explosion of guanidine nitrate demolished
an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres, in which it was being made from
ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 16,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/guanidine%20nitrate",
},
{
"Start": 125,
"Length": 20,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 150,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
2036"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Explodes on contact with red-hot carbon;
cyclopentadienylsodium (at 100-130 °C); potassium acetate + heat. Reacts violently
with ammonium thiocyanate, carbon, lead hypophosphite.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 33,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 41,
"Length": 22,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/cyclopentadienylsodium",
"Extra": "CID-21915903"
},
{
"Start": 81,
"Length": 17,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/potassium%20acetate",
"Extra": "CID-517044"
},
{
"Start": 130,
"Length": 20,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 152,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Transport Information",
"Description": "Transport Information lists DOT requirement and related
information. More information can be found in the Emergency Response Guidebook
page.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "DOT Emergency Guidelines",
"Description": "DOT (Department of Transportation) Emergency
Guidelines",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012 Emergency Response
Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2012"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Fire or
Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May
explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react
explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil,
clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or
explosion hazard."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Health: Toxic
by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive
and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 248,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Public Safety:
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper
not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the
inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak
area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least
25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep
out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Protective
Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear
chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective
clothing will only provide limited protection."
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete)
data for LEAD NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 95,
"Length": 16,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/637#section=DOT-Emergency-Guidelines-
(Complete)"
},
{
"Start": 54,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/LEAD%20NITRATE",
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Shipment Methods and Regulations",
"Description": "Shipment Methods and Regulations",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a
hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered
in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described,
packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized
by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada
and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods
Board, January, 1997., p. 168"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The International Air Transport Association
(IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board
pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry
carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting
hazardous materials."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code;
International Maritime Organization p.5046 (1988)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The International Maritime Dangerous Goods
Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed
recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good
practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index
of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted
when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any
substance or article."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "DOT ID and Guide",
"Description": "U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
Identification number and the corresponding Guide number. The DOT ID is also the UN
Number. More information about the DOT ID/UN number and the guide number can be
found in the Emergency Response Guidebook page.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "DOT ID and Guide",
"Value": {
{
"String": "1469 141",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 4,
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/erg/#1469"
},
{
"Start": 5,
"Length": 3,
"URL":
"https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/erg_guides/en/Guide_141.pdf"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "DOT Label",
"Description": "U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) hazard
warning label for the chemical (such as flammable liquid or corrosive). This label
must be displayed on shipped packages, railroad tank cars, and tank trucks
according to specifications described in 49 CFR 172.",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "DOT Label",
"Value": {
{
"String": "Oxidizer Poison"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Packaging and Labelling",
"Description": "Packaging and Labelling",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.
Marine pollutant."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "EC Classification",
"Description": "EC (European Commission) Classification for
hazardous material",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Symbol: T, N; R: 61-20/22-33-62-50/53; S: 53-
45-60-61; Note: A, E"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "UN Classification",
"Description": "UN (United Nations) hazard identification system",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Subsidiary Risks:
6.1; UN Pack Group: II"
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Regulatory Information",
"Description": "Regulatory Information",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Atmospheric Standards",
"Description": "Atmospheric Standards",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"40 CFR 50.12 (USEAP); U.S. National Archives and Records
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "National primary and secondary ambient air
quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a
reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are:
1.5 micrograms per cubic meter, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar
quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Clean Air Act as amended in 1990, Sect. 112 (b) (1) Public
Law 101-549 Nov. 15, 1990"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP)
generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act,
as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply
reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and
phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that
emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this
list. /Lead compounds/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Federal Drinking Water Standards",
"Description": "Federal Drinking Water Standards",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk
Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water
Standards and Guidelines (11/93) To Present"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EPA 15 ug/L (Action Level) /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "State Drinking Water Standards",
"Description": "State Drinking Water Standards",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "(AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/L /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "State Drinking Water Guidelines",
"Description": "State Drinking Water Guidelines",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "(AZ) ARIZONA 20 ug/L /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "(ME) MAINE 10 ug/L /Lead/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Clean Water Act Requirements",
"Description": "Clean Water Act Requirements",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"40 CFR 116.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate is designated as a hazardous
substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and
further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These
regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any
isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this
substance.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 94,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 157,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section
307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent
limitations. /Lead and compounds/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 72,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "CERCLA Reportable Quantities",
"Description": "Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act: Reporatable Quantities For Superfund Hazardous Substances",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are
required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a
release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater
than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC
is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated
in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b)."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "RCRA Requirements",
"Description": "The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
governs the management of hazardous wastes.",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may
not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized,
must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"52 FR 25942 (7/9/87)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The Environmental Protection Agency is ...
/promulgated/ regulations concerning ground-water monitoring with regard to
screening suspected contamination at land based hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities. ... /There are/ new requirements to analyze for a
specified core list of chemicals plus those chemicals specified by the Regional
Administrator on a site-specific basis. ... /Total lead (all species) is included
on this list./ /Total lead (all species)/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 87,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Other Safety Information",
"Description": "Other Safety Information includes the date of
preparation or last revision",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Toxic Combustion Products",
"Description": "Toxic Combustion Products",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
Office, 1984-5."
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
2036"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of lead and nitroxides."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Special Reports",
"Description": "Special Reports",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report
on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and
public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents,
mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human
health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human
carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009:
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s101lead.pdf]"
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 85: Lead -
Environmental Aspects (1989). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators
responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide
basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of
chemicals."
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the
Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Vol 87 Inorganic and Organic Lead
Compounds Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on
Cancer, (2006). IARC Monographs provide critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity
for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure
situations."
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Toxicity",
"Description": "Toxicity information related to this record, includes
routes of exposure; related symptoms, acute and chronic effects; numerical measures
of toxicity.",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "Toxicological Information",
"Description": "Toxicological Information",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "NIOSH Toxicity Data",
"Description": "Toxicity data summary from NIOSH",
"Information": [
{
"Name": "NIOSH Toxicity Data",
"Value": {
"ExternalTableName": "niosh"
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Evidence for Carcinogenicity",
"Description": "Evidence for substance or agent that can cause
cancer",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "No evaluation could be made of the
carcinogenicity of ... lead nitrate.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 58,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Eleventh Report on
Carcinogens: Lead, and Lead Compounds (January 2005). Available from, as of July
31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s101lead.pdf"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated
to be a human carcinogen"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown
relevance to humans. /Lead, elemental, and inorganic compounds, as Pb/ American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Exposure Routes",
"Description": "The way people or other living organisms come into
contact with a hazardous substance",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "The substance can be absorbed into the body by
inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Inhalation Symptoms",
"Description": "Symptoms of exposure (inhalation, skin, eyes,
ingestion) routes by which the chemical can be absorbed into the body",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Cough. Sore throat."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Skin Symptoms",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Redness. Pain."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Eye Symptoms",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Redness. Pain."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Ingestion Symptoms",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Acute Effects",
"Description": "The results from acute animal tests and/or acute
human studies are presented in this section. Acute animal studies consist of LD50
and LC50 tests, which present the median lethal dose (or concentration) to the
animals. Acute human studies usually consist of case reports from accidental
poisonings or industrial accidents. These case reports often help to define the
levels at which acute toxic effects are seen in humans.",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
"ExternalTableName": "chemidplus",
"ExternalTableNumRows": 5
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Interactions",
"Description": "Interactions",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:10963854",
"Kim YO et al; Int J Immunopharmacol 22 (10): 821-32 (2000).
Available from, as of November 5, 2009:"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "... Melatonin (MLT) (10 or 50 mg/kg) was
orally administered to ICR mice daily for 28 days, and Pb was also administered at
35 mg/kg in the same way 2 hr after the administration of MLT, and the normal mice
were given vehicle. Within the Pb plus MLT-treated group, the body weight gains and
the relative thymus weights were significantly increased when compared with the
treatment of Pb alone. The relative spleen and liver weights were increased by the
treatment of Pb alone, and then restored to normal value by MLT treatment.
Hemagglutination (HA) titer, plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cell
(SRBC), and secondary IgG antibody response to BSA were significantly enhanced in
the Pb plus MLT-treated mice, as opposed to when compared with the treatment of Pb
alone. The mitogenic response of splenic T cell to concanavalin A and that of B
cells to lipopolysaccharide was remarkably increased by MLT treatment when compared
with treatment of Pb alone. Splenic CD4(+)cells were significantly increased by MLT
treatment when compared with treatment of Pb alone. In case of CD8(+) cells, the
slight enhancement was observed in MLT treatment. Splenic T and B cells were
significantly increased by MLT treatment when compared with the treatment of Pb
alone. The natural killer cell, phagocytic activity and the number of peripheral
leukocytes were significantly enhanced in Pb plus MLT-treated mice when compared
with the treatment of Pb alone.",
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"Start": 865,
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"Extra": "CID-11970143"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:11706373",
"Belles M et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 42 (1): 93-8
(2002). Available from, as of November 5, 2009:"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "The development toxicity of lead nitrate (25
mg/kg, SC), methylmercury chloride (12.5 mg/kg, PO), and sodium arsenite (6 mg/kg,
SC) was assessed in CD1 mice following administration on gestation day 10 of these
chemicals separately or in their binary and ternary combinations. Cesarean sections
were performed on day 18 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for malformations
and variations. Three fetuses from each dam were used for whole-body analyses of
Pb, Hg, and As. Maternal toxic effects were more remarkable in the group
concurrently exposed to Pb, Hg, and As than in those given binary combinations of
the elements. In turn, maternal toxicity was more notable in these groups than in
those given separately the test compounds. With regard to developmental toxicity,
the most relevant effects (decreased fetal weight, cleft palate) corresponded to
the Hg-treated groups. It is in agreement with the finding that in all experimental
groups the levels of Pb and As in whole fetuses were under their respective
detection limits. In general terms, the present data suggests that at the current
doses, the interactive effects of Pb and As on Hg-induced developmental toxicity
were not greater than additive. In contrast, exposure of pregnant mice to Pb and As
at doses that were practically nontoxic to dams, concurrently with organic Hg at a
toxic dose, caused supra-additive interactions in maternal toxicity.",
"Markup": [
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{
"Start": 102,
"Length": 15,
"URL":
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"Extra": "CID-443495"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Oral exposure to lead nitrate increased the
incidence of N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced renal tumors in male rats",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 17,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 57,
"Length": 22,
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nitrosodimethylamine",
"Extra": "CID-6124"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:238813",
"Pani P et al; Drug Metab Dispos 3 (3): 148 (1975)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Lead nitrate pretreatment antagonized toxicity
of carbon tetrachloride in rats.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 0,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 50,
"Length": 20,
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"Extra": "CID-5943"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "For more Interactions (Complete) data for LEAD
NITRATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.",
"Markup": [
{
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"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/637#section=Interactions-(Complete)"
},
{
"Start": 42,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Antidote and Emergency Treatment",
"Description": "Antidote and Emergency Treatment",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).;
Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St.
Louis, MO 2005, p. 286"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate
decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial
respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or
pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated
eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean
patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain
an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body
temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related
compounds/",
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}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Louis, MO 2005, p. 286-7"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway
(oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch
for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary.
Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and
treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye
contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously
with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion,
rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the
patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer
activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/",
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},
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]
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]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Louis, MO 2005, p. 287"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or
nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is
in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if
necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: \"To keep open\", minimal flow
rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are
present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.
If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of
fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1%
solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis,
and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... .
Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites,
and related compounds/",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 572,
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"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/diazepam",
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{
"Start": 584,
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"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/lorazepam",
"Extra": "CID-3958"
},
{
"Start": 623,
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"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/methylene%20blue",
"Extra": "CID-6099"
},
{
"Start": 736,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
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}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Louis, MO 2005, p. 395"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate
decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial
respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or
pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated
eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean
patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain
an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body
temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and related compounds/",
"Markup": [
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}
]
}
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}
},
{
"Reference": [
Louis, MO 2005, p. 395"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway
(oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch
for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary.
Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and
treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye
contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously
with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion,
rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the
patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer
activated charcoal ... . /Lead and related compounds/",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 408,
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"Start": 577,
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},
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}
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}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Louis, MO 2005, p. 396"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or
nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is
in severe respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respiration per
minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV
administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: \"To keep
open\", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or
lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead
and related compounds/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 425,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/diazepam",
"Extra": "CID-3016"
},
{
"Start": 437,
"Length": 9,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/lorazepam",
"Extra": "CID-3958"
},
{
"Start": 457,
"Length": 26,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/proparacaine%20hydrochloride",
"Extra": "CID-517321"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Olson, K.R. (Ed.); Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 5th ed. Lange
Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. New York, N.Y. 2007., p. 240"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Treatment. Emergency and supportive measures.
Treat seizures and coma if they occur. Provide adequate fluids to maintain urine
flow but avoid overhydration, which may aggravate cerebral edema. Avoid
phenothiazines for delirium, as they may lower the seizure threshold. Patients with
increased intracranial pressure may benefit from corticosteroids and mannitol.
/Lead/",
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}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Specific drugs and antidotes. Treatment with
chelating agents decreases blood lead concentrations and increases urinary lead
excretion. Although chelation has been associated with improvement in symptoms and
decreased mortality, controlled clinical trials demonstrating efficacy are lacking,
and treatment recommendations have been largely empiric. Encephalopathy. Administer
intravenous calcium EDTA. Some clinicians initiate treatment with a single dose of
BAL, followed 4 hours later by concomitant administration of calcium EDTA and BAL.
Symptomatic without encephalopathy. Administer oral succimer or parenteral calcium
EDTA. Calcium EDTA is preferred as initial treatment if the patient has severe GI
toxicity or if the blood lead concentration is extremely elevated. Unithiol may be
considered as an alternative to DMSA. Asymptomatic children with elevated blood
lead levels. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend
treatment of children with levels of 45 ug/dL or higher. Use oral succimer. A large
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DMSA in children with blood
lead concentrations between 25 and 44 ug/dL found no evidence of clinical benefit.
Asymptomatic adults. The usual treatment is removal from exposure and observation.
Consider oral succimer for patients with markedly elevated levels. Although D-
penicillamine is an alternative oral treatment, it may be associated with more side
effects and less efficient lead diuresis. Blood lead monitoring during chelation.
Obtain a blood lead measurement immediately prior to chelation and recheck the
measurement within 24-48 hours after starting chelation to confirm that levels are
declining. Recheck measurements 1 and 7 to 21 days after chelation to assess the
extent of rebound in blood level associated with redistribution of lead from high
bone stores and/or the possibility of reexposure. Additional courses of treatment
and further investigation of exposure sources may be warranted. /Lead/",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 388,
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},
{
"Start": 520,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 594,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/succimer",
"Extra": "CID-2724354"
},
{
"Start": 617,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 631,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Calcium%20EDTA",
},
{
"Start": 774,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Unithiol",
"Extra": "CID-2724039"
},
{
"Start": 822,
"Length": 4,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/DMSA",
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{
"Start": 1012,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
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"Start": 1084,
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"Start": 1292,
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"Start": 1354,
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]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Decontamination. Acute ingestion. Because even
small items (eg. a paint chip or a sip of lead-containing glaze) may contain tens
to hundreds of milligrams of lead, gut decontamination is indicated after acute
ingestion of virtually any lead-containing substance. Administer activated charcoal
(although efficacy is unknown). If lead-containing material is still visible on
abdominal x-ray after initial treatment, consider whole-bowel irrigation. Consider
endoscopic or surgical removal of lead foreign bodies that exhibit prolonged GI
retention. Lead-containing buckshot, shrapnel, or bullets in or adjacent to
synovial spaces or fluid-filled spaces such as a paravertebral pseudocyst or a
subscapular bursa should be surgically removed if possible, particularly if
associated with evidence of systematic lead absorption. Enhanced elimination. There
is no role for dialysis, hemoperfusion, or repeat-dose charcoal. However, anuric
patients with chronic renal failure, limited study suggests that calcium EDTA
combined with hemofiltration may increase lead clearance. Other required measures.
Remove the patient from the source of exposure and institute control measures to
prevent repeated intoxication. Other possibly exposed persons (eg, coworkers or
siblings or playmates if young children) should be evaluated promptly. Infants and
children. The CDC has recommended universal blood lead screening of children at 12
and 24 months of age in communities where > 27% of dwellings were constructed prior
to 1950. For other communities, screening targeted to children from families with
low income or other selected risk factors is recommended. General management
guidelines are based on the results of the blood lead test: 10-14 ug/dL: repeat
screening; educate parents about risk factors. 15-19 ug/dL: repeat screening; and
if elevated, refer for public health case management to investigate and abate
sources. 20-44 ug/dL: perform complete medical evaluation; refer for case
management. 45-69 ug/dL: perform complete medical evaluation; chelate with oral
succimer; refer for case management. 70 ug/dL or higher: hospitalize child for
immediate chelation; refer for case management. Adults with occupational exposure.
Federal OSHA standards for workers exposed to lead provide specific guidelines for
periodic blood lead monitoring and medical surveillance. Under the general industry
standard, workers must be removed from exposure if a single blood lead level
exceeds 60 mcg/dL or if the average of three successive levels exceeds 50 mcg/dL.
In construction workers, removal is required if a single blood lead level exceeds
50 ug/dL. Workers may not return to work until the blood lead level is below 40
ug/dL and any clinical manifestations of toxicity have resolved. Prophylactic
chelation is prohibited. OSHA standards mandate that workers removed from work
because of elevated blood lead levels retain full pay and benefits. Medical removal
parameters in the OSHA standards summarized above were established in the late
1970s and are outdated based on current background blood levels and recent concern
about the hazards of lower-level exposure. The standards explicitly empower
physicians to order medical removal at lower blood lead levels. It may now be
prudent and feasible for employers to maintain workers' blood lead levels below 20
ug/dL and possibly below 10 ug/dL. In 2005, the Association of Occupational and
Environmental Clinics approved \"Medical Management Guidelines for Lead-Exposed
Adults\" that call for worker protection more stringent than current OSHA
standards. /Lead/",
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"Start": 907,
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},
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"Start": 998,
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"URL":
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]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Human Toxicity Excerpts",
"Description": "Human Toxicity Excerpts",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:19458136",
"Mikler J et al; Toxicol Ind Health 25 (2): 137-40 (2009).
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/CASE REPORTS/ ... A child with extremely high
lead blood level of 20.4 umol/L (422.7 ug/dL) ... was treated with chelation
and ... significant organ dysfunction did not develop. Documented significant high
level above 3.37 umol/L (corresponding to 70 ug/dL) in this patient persisted for
approximately 24 hr. Adequate, single or combined chelatation therapy in early
phase of acute lead poisoning is essential for the further patient's outcome."
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:16455594",
"Pasha SA et al; Drug Chem Toxicol 29 (1): 111-24 (2006).
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GENOTOXICITY/ ... The aim ... was to
evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of lead by using lymphocytes from
human peripheral blood in vitro. The LC50 for lead nitrate as determined by Trypan
blue dye exclusion technique was ... 3.14 mM. Chromosomal aberration frequency at
sublethal doses (1/10 of LC50) as determined by examining the metaphase chromosomes
(karyotyping) did not show significant aberrations except for some aneuploidy and
about 2-4% gaps, breaks (3-4%), and about 5% satellite associations. However,
significant DNA damage was determined by SCGE (Comet assay). The comet tail length
proportionately increased with increasing lead nitrate concentration.",
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"Start": 194,
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},
{
"Reference": [
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V87 356, 363 (2006)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/GENOTOXICITY/ The induction of DNA damage in
mammalian cells by lead acetate and lead nitrate has been investigated repeatedly,
yielding negative or (mostly weakly) positive results for DNA strand breaks; one
study did not find 8-OH-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in nuclear DNA, and one suggested
the induction of DNA- protein crosslinks. Besides genotoxic effects, there is
growing evidence for altered gene expression resulting from low-level exposure to
lead ...",
"Markup": [
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"URL":
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"Start": 234,
"Length": 14,
"URL":
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"Extra": "CID-135398592"
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts",
"Description": "Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V87 328-9 (2006)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...
Groups of seven male Wistar rats /were given/ a single dose of lead nitrate (100
umol/kg bw) by iv injection and /were/ sacrificed ... 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days later.
The treatment caused a marked enlargement of the liver, which reached a max of 71%
at the third day after treatment. This effect was accompanied by an increase in
total hepatic protein and DNA content, with a max at 3 and 4 days, respectively. An
increase in DNA synthesis, as monitored by the incorporation of [3H]labelled
thymidine, was observed at 24 hr, reaching a max at 36 h after administration of
lead nitrate, with a 30-fold higher level than in control rats. DNA synthesis
returned to normal within 3 days. The lead-induced stimulation of liver-cell
proliferation was reflected in a significant increase in the number of parenchymal
and non-parenchymal cells entering mitosis, with a peak at 48 hr. No histologically
detectable liver-cell necrosis was seen, which suggested that the cell
proliferation induced by lead is not due to a regenerative response. The
stimulatory effect of lead on liver growth was reversible; during return to normal
size, cell death, morphologically similar to apoptosis, was observed in
histological sections of liver from animals sacrificed 4-7 days after treatment.",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 530,
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"URL":
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"Extra": "CID-5789"
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{
"Start": 611,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
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]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V87 332-3 (2006)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... In
male Wistar rats, a single iv injection of lead nitrate (100 umol/kg bw) caused
liver enlargement associated with hepatic cell proliferation. The subsequent
involution of the liver hyperplasia was studied by histological exam of liver
sections prepared during regression of the liver. There was no sign of massive
lytic cell necrosis, and no change in serum concn of glutamate pyruvate
transaminase. Apoptotic bodies were observed in the involuting liver by microscopy
and ultrastructural examination. A marked increase in the number of apoptotic
bodies was noted 5 days after administration of lead, when the liver was already
regressing, while very few were observed in control animals or in rats 2 days after
lead injection, when the mitotic index reached its max, or at 15 days, when the
liver had returned to normal.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 87,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 411,
"Length": 9,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/glutamate",
"Extra": "CID-4525487"
},
{
"Start": 421,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/pyruvate",
"Extra": "CID-107735"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:5020450",
"Sania GH et al; J Occup Med 14 (4): 301 (1972)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats
given single large ip injection /50 mg/ of lead nitrate showed decr in body wt and
incr in liver and kidney wt; effects not seen when rats pretreated/48 hr prior to
second injection/ with smaller dose /10 mg/ of lead nitrate.",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 85,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 254,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:6849373",
"Full text:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1916134",
"Columbano A et al; Am J Pathol 110 (1): 83-88 (1983)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Treatment
of male Wistar rats with a single dose of lead nitrate /iv, 100 umol/kg/ caused ...
enlargement of the liver ... accompanied by biochemical changes such as an incr in
total protein and DNA content, with a max at 3 and 4 days, respectively. A partial
regression of liver wt and total DNA and protein content occurred 7 days after Pb
admin; a significant incr in DNA concn was found after 1 wk, while no variation in
protein, when expressed as mg/g liver, was observed in Pb-treated rat liver. An
incr in DNA synthesis as monitored by ... labeled thymidine was also observed. An
enhancement in the specific radioactivity of DNA was evident at 24 hr and appeared
maximal at 36 hr after the admin of Pb(NO3)2. The ability of Pb to stimulate liver
cell proliferation was shown by a significant incr of cells entering mitosis, with
a peak at 48 hr. This mitogenic stimulus occurred in parenchymal ... /and/
nonparenchymal cells, showing this effect was not unique to a particular liver cell
population. No detectable cell necrosis as monitored by histological observation
was seen in Pb treated rats ... only a slight elevation in the levels of serum
glutamic pyruvic transaminase was observed.",
"Markup": [
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"Start": 89,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
},
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"Start": 592,
"Length": 9,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thymidine",
"Extra": "CID-5789"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
(Complete) data for LEAD NITRATE (51 total), please visit the HSDB record page.",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 99,
"Length": 16,
"URL":
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Excerpts-(Complete)"
},
{
"Start": 57,
"Length": 12,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Non-Human Toxicity Values",
"Description": "Non-Human Toxicity Values",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
NJ. 2004., p. 2217"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LD50 Rat iv 93 mg/kg"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
NJ. 2004., p. 2217"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LD50 Mouse ip 74 mg/kg"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Ecotoxicity Values",
"Description": "Ecotoxicity Values",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Anas platyrynchos (Mallard
duck) young; Concentration: > 500 mg/L for < 100 days /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Anas platyrynchos (Mallard
duck) adult; Concentration: > 50 mg/L for < 100 days /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Hill, E.F. and Camardese, M.B. Lethal Dietary Toxicities of
Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix. Fish and Wildlife Technical
Report 2. Washington, DC: United States Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1986., p. 87"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese
quail), males or females, 14 days old; oral (5-day ad libitum in diet) > 5,000 ppm;
no overt signs of toxicity to 5,000 ppm; control references were dieldrin &
dicrotophos; corn oil diluent was added to diet at ratio of 2:98 by wt; (extreme
concentrations: 1,000-5,000 ppm) /Reagent grade, 100% AI/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 192,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dieldrin",
"Extra": "CID-969491"
},
{
"Start": 203,
"Length": 11,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dicrotophos",
"Extra": "CID-5371560"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Spehar RL, Fiandt JT; Environ Toxicol Chem 5 (10): 917-31
(1986) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EC50; Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea,
age <24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C, pH 8.2, hardness 100 mg/L
CaCO3, alkalinity 97 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen > or =70%); Concentration: 269
ug/L for 7 days; Effect: reduced growth, reduced number of young per female /total
lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 35,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
},
{
"Start": 290,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/lead%20ion",
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Elnabarawy MT et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 5 (4): 393-8
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age
<24 hr 1st instar larvae); Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C; Concentration:
1815 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 1753-2003 ug/L); Effect:
intoxication, immobilization /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Enserink EL et al; Water Res 25 (6): 679-87 (1991) as cited
in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea,
various ages; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 20 °C, pH 8.1, hardness ~225
mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 1700 ug/L for 21 days (95% confidence interval: 1300-
2100 ug/L); Effect: decreased population carrying capacity />99.9% purity/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Arambasic MB et al; Water Res 29 (2): 497-503 (1995) as
cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age
<24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C; Concentration: 0.26854 mmol/L for
48 hr",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"LeBlanc GA; Environ Pollut Ser A 27 (4): 309-22 (1982) as
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age
<24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 150 ug/L for 48 hr",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Batal MM; SB Nauchn Tr- Gos Nauchno-Issled Inst Ozern Rechn
Rybn Khoz 144: 116 (1979)"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea);
Concentration: 6.73 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Enserink EL et al; Water Res 25 (6): 679-87 (1991) as cited
in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, <24
hr neonate); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C, pH 8.1, hardness ~225 mg/L
CaCO3; Concentration: 1800 ug/L for 21 days (95% confidence interval: 1500-2100
ug/L) />99.9% purity/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 30,
"Length": 5,
"URL":
"Extra": "CID-962"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Aspects (1989) http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
(Amphipod); Conditions: flow, temp 15 °C, pH 7.1 - 7.7, alkalinity 40 - 44 mg/L
CaCO3, hardness 40 - 44 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 0.124 mg/L for 96 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Tanytarsus dissimilis (Midge)
egg/larva; Conditions: static, temp 21 - 23 °C, pH 7.5, alkalinity 43.9 mg/L CaCO3,
hardness 46.8 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 0.258 mg/L for 10 days /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Epherella grandis (Mayfly)
larva; Conditions: flow; pH 7.0 - 7.2; Concentration: 3.5 mg/L for 14 days /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Pteronarcys californica
(Stonefly) larva; Conditions: flow, pH 7.0 - 7.2; Concentration: >19.2 mg/L for 14
days /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Crassostrea virginica (American
oyster); Conditions: static, temp 25 - 27 °C, alkalinity 25 mg/L CaCO3;
Concentration: 2.45 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Cardium edule (Cockle) adult;
Conditions: static, temp 15 °C; Concentration: > 500 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Lamelliden marginalis (Mussel);
Conditions: static, temp 28 - 32 °C, pH 7.0 - 7.3, alkalinity 7.7 - 11.7 mg/L
CaCO3, hardness mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: > 40 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Mercenaria mercenaria (Hard
clam); Conditions: static, temp 25-27 °C, alkalinity 25 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration:
0.78 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Mya arenaria (Softshell clam);
Conditions: static, temp 21.5-22.5 °C, pH 7.8 - 8.0, alkalinity 29 - 31 mg/L CaCO3;
Concentration: > 50 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
Aspects (1989. Available from, as of October 22, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
Conditions: static, temp 21.5 - 22.5 °C, pH 7.8 - 8.0, alkalinity 29 - 31 mg/L
CaCO3; Concentration: 27 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
Conditions: static, temp 21.5 - 22.5 °C, pH 7.8 - 8.0, alkalinity 29 - 31 mg/L
CaCO3; Concentration: 8.8 mg/L for 168 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Oziotelphusa senex senex
(Freshwater crab); Conditions: temp 28 - 32 °C, pH 7.0 - 7.3, alkalinity 7.7 - 11.7
mg/L CaCO3, hardness 32 - 38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: > 40 mg/L for 48 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Scylla serrata (Crab);
Conditions: static, temp 26.5 - 29.5 °C, pH 7.0 - 7.2; Concentration: > 370 mg/L
for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Pandalus montagui (Pink shrimp)
adult; Conditions: static, temp 15 °C; Concentration: 375 mg/L for 48 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Pila globosa (Snail);
Conditions: static, temp 28 - 32 °C, pH 7.0 - 7.3, alkalinity 7.7 - 11.7 mg/L
CaCO3, hardness 32 - 38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: > 40 mg/L for 48 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Spurgeon DJ, Hopkin SP; Ecotoxicology 4 (3): 190-205 (1995))
as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of October 30, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm)
direct application 2249 ug/g soil for 21 days in artificial soil (70% sand, 20%
clay, pH 6.1, 10%% organic matter, 33% moisture); Effect: growth"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Spurgeon DJ et al; Environ Pollut 84 (2): 123-30 (1994) as
cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of October 30, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "EC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm,
adult > or =8 wk) direct application 1940 ug/g soil for 56 days in artificial soil
(70% sand, 20% clay, 10%% organic matter, 35% moisture); Effect: reproduction
(progeny counts/numbers)"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm,
(70% sand, 20% clay, 10%% organic matter, 35% moisture) (95% confidence interval:
3500-6190 ug/g)"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm,
(70% sand, 20% clay, 10%% organic matter, 35% moisture) (95% confidence interval:
2900-5180 ug/g)"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Khangarot BS et al; Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 13 (2): 259-63
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Rana hexadactyla (Frog, length
20 mm (15-25 mm), weight 500 mg (350-800 mg)); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 15
°C (13-16 °C), pH 6.1, hardness 20 mg/L CaCO3 (13-80 mg/L), alkalinity 27 mg/L
CaCO3 (24-40 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 6.4 mg/L (6.2-7.0 mg/L); Concentration: 100000
ug/L for 24 hr /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 238,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 314,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 60020-74670 ug/L) /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 238,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 357,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 238,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 357,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 238,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 357,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 40
- 80 mm; Conditions: static, temp 19 - 25 °C, pH 6.0 - 6.9; Concentration: 6.6 mg/L
for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 40
- 80 mm; Conditions: static, temp 19 - 25 °C, pH 6.0 - 6.9, hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3;
Concentration: 110 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Chelon labrosus (Grey mullet)
0.3 - 3.2 g; Conditions: flow, temp 11 - 13 °C, pH 6.9 - 8.5, alkalinity 34.4 -
34.8 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: > 4.5 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Rao TS et al; Indian J Environ Health 17 (2): 140-6 (1975)
as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Cyrpinus carpio (Carp, length
4-5 cm); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 27 °C, pH 7.5, hardness 115 mg/L CaCO3,
alkalinity 110-135 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 310 ug/L
for 24 hr",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 168,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
for 48 hr",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 168,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
for 96 hr",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 168,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Alam MK, Maughan OE; Biol Trace Elem Res 34 (3): 225-36
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Cyrpinus carpio (Carp, juvenile
length 3.5 cm); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C, pH 7.1, dissolved oxygen
6.4 mg/L; Concentration: 440 ug/L for 96 hr /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 121,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 179,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Alam MK, Maughan OE; Biol Trace Elem Res 34 (3): 225-36
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Cyrpinus carpio (Carp, juvenile
length 3.5 cm); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 15 °C, pH 7.1, dissolved oxygen
6.4 mg/L; Concentration: 800 ug/L for 96 hr /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
{
"Start": 121,
"Length": 6,
"URL":
},
{
"Start": 179,
"Length": 8,
"URL":
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis (Mosquito
fish, adult); Conditions: static, 22-24 °C, pH 7.7-8.3, alkalinity <100 mg/L CaCO3;
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]
}
},
{
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{
}
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}
},
{
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"Value": {
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}
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}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Turnbull H et al; Ind Eng Chem 46 (2): 324-33 (1954) as
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill,
weight 5 g, length 7 cm (5-11 cm)); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C,
dissolved oxygen >5 mg/L; Concentration: 6300 ug/L for 24 hr /chemically pure,
total lead ion/",
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},
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"Reference": [
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"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill,
weight 5 g, length 7 cm (5-11 cm)); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C,
dissolved oxygen >5 mg/L; Concentration: 6300 ug/L for 48 hr /chemically pure,
total lead ion/",
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}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Cardin, J.A; Results of Acute Toxicity Tests Conducted with
Lead at USEPA ERL, Narragansett: 2 (1985) as cited in the ECOTOX database.
Available from, as of November 5, 2009:
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Menidia beryllina (Inland
silverside, juvenile); Conditions: saltwater, flow through, 24 °C, salinity 30.4
ppt; Concentration: 3140 ug/L for 96 hr /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
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"Length": 8,
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]
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Lead in the
Canadian Envir p.51 (1978) NRCC No.0316-0114"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Ophyrotrocha labronica; 1 ppm;
26 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Buhl KJ, Hamilton SJ; Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 20 (3): 325-42
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow
trout, alevin); Conditions: freshwater, static, 12 °C, soft water; Concentration:
30800 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 12900-73400 ug/L) /total lead ion/",
"Markup": [
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}
},
{
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],
"Value": {
{
trout, juvenile 7-10 wk old, weight 0.60 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 12 °C,
soft water; Concentration: <1700 ug/L for 96 hr /total lead ion/",
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trout, alevin); Conditions: freshwater, static, 12 °C, soft water; Concentration:
30000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 21600-36000 ug/L) /total lead ion/",
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},
{
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"Value": {
{
trout, adult); Conditions: flow through, 10.3 °C, pH 7.7, alkalinity 86-94 mg/L
CaCO3, hardness 133-137 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 2.3 mg/L for 21 days /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
trout, adult); Conditions: static, 14 °C, pH 8.15, alkalinity 267 mg/L CaCO3,
hardness 385 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 1.32 mg/L (measured) for 96 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
hardness 32 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 1.17 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
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],
"Value": {
{
hardness 30 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 0.20 mg/L for 14 days /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
trout, juvenile); Conditions: flow through, pH 6.4-8.3, alkalinity 82-132 mg/L
CaCO3; Concentration: 8.0 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"Tsuji S et al; J Hyg Chem (Eisei Kagaku) 32 (1): 46-53
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka);
Conditions: freshwater, static, 10-30 °C; Concentration: 350000 ug/L for 24 hr
/total lead ion/",
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},
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Conditions: freshwater, static, 10 °C; Concentration: 340000 ug/L for 48 hr /total
lead ion/",
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lead ion/",
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lead ion/",
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}
},
{
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{
"String": "EC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead
minnow, age 30 days, weight 0.15 g); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C,
pH 7.4, hardness 43.9 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 42.4 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen > or
=70%; Concentration: 331 ug/L for 32 days; Effect: reduced growth, reduced number
of young per female /total lead ion/",
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{
"String": "LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead
minnow, age 30 days, weight 0.15 g); Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C,
pH 7.4, hardness 43.9 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 42.4 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen > or
=70%; Concentration: 2100 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 1100-4000
ug/L) /total lead ion/",
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},
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{
"String": "LC50; Species: Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook
trout) adult; Conditions: flow, temp 12 °C, pH 4.1, alkalinity 42.6 mg/L CaCO3,
hardness 44.3 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 4.1 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/"
}
]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "LC50; Species: Sarotherodon mossambicus
(freshwater fish); Conditions: static, temp 38 - 32 °C, alkalinity 7.7 - 11.7 mg/L
CaCO3, hardness 32 - 38 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: > 40 mg/L for 24 hr /from
table/"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
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"Description": "Ecotoxicity Excerpts",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:3172274",
"Burger J, Gochfeld M; J Toxicol Environ Health 25 (2): 227-
36 (1988). Available from, as of November 5, 2009:"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ One-day-old herring gulls
(Larus argentatus) were injected intraperitoneally with lead nitrate solution (0.1
or 0.2 mg Pb/g) or sterile saline to examine differences in growth rates. ... By d
8 there were significant differences in growth rates as a function of treatment.
There were also, by d 8, significant differences in bill length, tarsus length, and
wing bone length. Except for bill length, these differences persisted for the
duration of the study. Developmental curves varied, with lead-treated birds
reaching the same asymptote as control birds for bill length, but having a lower
asymptote for tarsus length. For curves where asymptotes were reached, lead-treated
birds required more days to reach it than control birds. The initial amount of food
eaten each day was positively correlated with weight gain for control birds, but
negatively correlated for lead-treated birds.",
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}
},
{
"Reference": [
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"Burger J, Gochfeld M, Fundam Appl Toxicol 21 (2): 187-95
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... Young herring gulls,
Larus argentatus, were used to examine the effect of timing of lead exposure on
individual recognition behavior and development. Each of 60 1-day-old herring gull
chicks was randomly assigned to a control group or to one of three treatment groups
that received a single dose of lead nitrate solution (100 mg/kg) at Day 2 or 6 of
age or the same total dose divided in thirds on Day 2, 4, and 6. Matched controls
were injected with isotonic saline on the same schedules. Variations in individual
recognition of human attendants were largely explained by age and status (lead
versus control), and some variation was explained by day of injection (exposure
regime). Using a feeding paradigm, the percentage responding to their caretaker
compared to another person was higher (70% versus 38%), and occurred earlier in
controls compared to lead-injected birds. Lead-injected birds required longer to
respond initially, took longer to choose, moved less distance per time, and took
longer to eventually reach the food. ... Among lead-injected birds there was a
disjunction of effect related to dosing schedule: birds injected on Day 6 chose
more correctly but were slower to respond ...",
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},
{
"Reference": [
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"Burger J, Gochfeld M; Pharmacol Biochem Behav 50 (1): 97-105
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... The effects of
temporal differences in lead exposure on early development in herring gulls (Larus
argentatus) /were examined/. Each of 72 1-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly
assigned to one of six treatment groups to receive a lead nitrate concentration of
100 ug/g at age 2 or at age 6, a similar cumulative dose evenly divided on days 2,
4, and 6, or matched-volume saline injections on the same days. Behavioral tests
were performed (some at 2- and others at 5-day intervals) to examine locomotion,
balance, righting response, thermoregulation, and visual cliff. Most variation in
weight was explained by testing age, although treatment affected weight gain for
the lead-6 gulls, particularly after 20 days. Although treatment influenced balance
and locomotion, the effect was small. The lead-6 birds were unable to remain on an
incline as long as the lead-2, lead-246, and control birds. The overall score for
balance improved with age for controls, showed little change for the lead-2 and
lead-2-4-6 gulls, but showed a decrease in performance for the lead-6 birds. On the
thermoregulation test, the lead-6 birds performed less well under both low- and
high-temperature test conditions. Although the lead-2-4-6 birds had a lower score
on the visual cliff tests than the other groups, the lead-6 gulls showed a
significant delay in response and gave significantly fewer calls then the other
groups",
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]
}
},
{
"Reference": [
"PMID:4093999",
"Burger J, Gochfeld M; J Toxicol Environ Health 16 (6): 869-
86 (1985). Available from, as of November 5, 2009:"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ... /BIRDS and
MAMMALS/ ... One randomly chosen member of each of 8 pairs of young /Sterna
hirundo/ common tern chicks was injected with lead nitrate solution at a
concentration of 0.2 mg/g. The pairs were not siblings but were matched for age
(+/- 1 d) and weight (+/- 3 g). The second member of each pair was injected with an
equal volume of sterile saline. Behavioral tests performed examined locomotion,
balance and righting response, feeding tasks and begging, depth perception and
response on a visual cliff, and behavioral thermoregulation. In each pair the
control chick was heavier at 4 wk of age. For most behavioral measures, except
begging and movement on a stationary incline, the lead-injected chicks performed
less well than the control chicks. When presented with a novel feeding situation
(reversal of fish position), the lead-injected chicks required significantly more
time to eat the same number of fish. The single injection of lead thus affected a
variety of behavioral patterns, with effects apparent within 5 d after injection.",
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}
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}
},
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data
for LEAD NITRATE (88 total), please visit the HSDB record page.",
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"URL":
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{
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"URL":
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}
]
}
]
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{
"TOCHeading": "Ecological Information",
"Description": "Ecological Information",
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"TOCHeading": "ICSC Environmental Data",
"Description": "ICSC Environmental Data",
"Information": [
{
"Value": {
{
"String": "The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.
The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.
Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in marine organisms and terrestrial
organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the
environment because it is persistent."
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"TOCHeading": "Milk Concentrations",
"Description": "Milk Concentrations",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in
Mammals. Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971.
London: The Chemical Society, 1972., p. 157"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "Much of an oral dose of (203)Pb lead nitrate
was poorly absorbed and thus ... excreted fairly rapidly from the lactating cow. In
6 days, 95% ... excreted in ... feces, 0.2% in ... urine, and 0.02% in the milk.
The biological half lives were 18 hr for the unabsorbed and 72 hr for ... absorbed
(203)Pb.",
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"TOCHeading": "Probable Routes of Human Exposure",
"Description": "Probable Routes of Human Exposure",
"Information": [
{
"Reference": [
"(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey
conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to
specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available as
of September 16, 2009, from: http://www.cdc.gov/noes/"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has
statistically estimated that 11,440 workers (4,246 of these were female) were
potentially exposed to lead nitrate in the US(1).",
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"Length": 12,
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}
},
{
"Reference": [
"(1) US EPA; Inventory Update Reporting (IUR). Non-
confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical, including Manufacturing, Processing and
Use Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available
from, as of Mar 31, 2010: http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm"
],
"Value": {
{
"String": "According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update
Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial
manufacturing, processing, and use for lead nitrate is 100 to 999 persons; the data
may be greatly underestimated(1).",
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"URL":
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},
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"Length": 12,
"URL":
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]
}
]
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
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"Description": "Literature citation references mainly refers to regular
publications such as journal articles, etc.",
"URL": "https://pubchemdocs.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/literature",
"Section": [
{
"TOCHeading": "NLM Curated PubMed Citations",
"Description": "The \"NLM Curated PubMed Citations\" section links to
all PubMed records that are tagged with the same MeSH term that has been associated
with a particular compound.",
"Information": [
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"Description": "This section displays a concatenated list of all PubMed
records that have been cited by the depositors of all PubChem Substance records
that contain the same chemical structure as the compound.",
"Information": [
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"TOCHeading": "Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature",
"Description": "Chemical co-occurrences in literature highlight
chemicals mentioned together in scientific articles. This may suggest an important
relationship exists between the two. Please note that this content is not human
curated. It is generated by text-mining algorithms that can be fooled such that a
co-occurrence may be happenstance or a casual mention. The lists are ordered by
relevancy as indicated by count of publications and other statistics, with the most
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"Description": "Chemical-gene co-occurrences in the literature
highlight chemical-'gene' pairs mentioned together in scientific articles. Note
that a co-occurring 'gene' entity is organism non-specific and could refer to a
gene, protein, or enzyme. This may suggest an important relationship exists between
the two. Please note that this content is not human curated. It is generated by
text-mining algorithms that can be fooled such that a co-occurrence may be
happenstance or a casual mention. The lists are ordered by relevancy as indicated
by count of publications and other statistics, with the most relevant mentions
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]
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"Description": "Chemical-disease co-occurrences in literature highlight
chemical-disease pairs mentioned together in scientific articles. This may suggest
an important relationship exists between the two. Please note that this content is
not human curated. It is generated by text-mining algorithms that can be fooled
such that a co-occurrence may be happenstance or a casual mention. The lists are
ordered by relevancy as indicated by count of publications and other statistics,
with the most relevant mentions appearing at the top.",
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{
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"Description": "A PubChem summary page displays Patent information when
available for the given molecule.",
"URL": "https://pubchemdocs.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patents",
},
"Section": [
{
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},
{
"TOCHeading": "Biological Test Results",
"Description": "A PubChem substance or compound summary page displays
biological test results from the PubChem BioAssay database, if/as available, for
the chemical structure currently displayed. (Note that you can embed biological
test results displays within your own web pages, for a PubChem Compound or
Substance of interest, by using theBioActivity Widget.)",
"URL": "https://pubchemdocs.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassays",
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"Information": [
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{
"TOCHeading": "UN GHS Classification",
"Description": "The United Nations' Globally Harmonised System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) provides a harmonised basis for
globally uniform physical, environmental, and health and safety information on
hazardous chemical substances and mixtures.",
"Information": [
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"URL":
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"Number": [
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},
{
"TOCHeading": "EPA CPDat Classification",
"Description": "CPDat (Chemical and Products Database) is a
database containing information mapping more than 49,000 chemicals to a set of
terms categorizing their usage or function in 16,000 consumer products (e.g.
shampoo, soap) types based on what chemicals they contain.",
"Information": [
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"Reference": [
{
"SourceName": "CAMEO Chemicals",
"SourceID": "3742",
"Name": "LEAD NITRATE",
"Description": "CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people
who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO
Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-
related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly
transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by
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intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear
and concise way.",
"URL": "http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?
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for non-commercial purposes and within established limits. For non-commercial
purposes of reproduction of data, any required permission is hereby granted and no
further permission must be obtained from the ILO, but acknowledgement to the ILO as
the original source must be made.",
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collection contains information on chemicals and their regulation under TSCA,
including non-confidential content from the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory,
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs), and Chemical Data Reporting.",
"URL": "https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca",
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toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human
exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate,
regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB
has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel.",
"URL": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/637",
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{
"SourceName": "ChemIDplus",
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"Name": "Lead nitrate",
"Description": "ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides
access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the
identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM)
databases, including the TOXNET® system.",
"URL": "https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/0010099748",
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{
"SourceName": "EPA DSSTox",
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for supporting improved predictive toxicology.",
"URL": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID2035069",
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{
"SourceName": "European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)",
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"Description": "The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the
European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in
implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human
health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness.",
"URL": "https://echa.europa.eu/substance-
information/-/substanceinfo/100.030.210",
"LicenseNote": "Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA
website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to
other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information,
documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced,
distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided
that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: \"Source: European Chemicals Agency,
http://echa.europa.eu/\". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the
material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links
to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be
made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.",
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by the Chemical Management Center (CMC) of Japan National Institute of Technology
and Evaluation (NITE) in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the
Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS
labelling and SDS for users.",
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(www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public
domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone
without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.",
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source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred
chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals.
Read more at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/default.html",
"URL": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/OG200B20.html",
"LicenseNote": "The information provided using CDC Web site is only
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take the place of either the written law or regulations.",
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{
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"Description": "MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is the NLM controlled
vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles for PubMed.",
"URL": "http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html"
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{
"SourceName": "WIPO",
"SourceID": "IPC",
"Name": "International Patent Classification",
"Description": "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
International Patent Classification (IPC), established by the Strasbourg Agreement
1971, provides for a hierarchical system of language independent symbols for the
classification of patents and utility models according to the different areas of
technology to which they pertain.",
"URL": "http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/"
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{
"SourceName": "UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
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"Name": "GHS Classification Tree",
"Description": "The United Nations' Globally Harmonised System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) provides a harmonised basis for
globally uniform physical, environmental, and health and safety information on
hazardous chemical substances and mixtures. It sets up criteria for the
classification of chemicals for physical-chemical, health, and environmental
hazards of chemical substances and mixtures and sets up standardised hazard
information to facilitate global trade of chemicals.",
"URL": "http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html"
},
{
"SourceID": "ChemIDplus_tree",
"Name": "ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification",
"Description": "ChemIDplus is a TOXNET (TOXicology Data NETwork) databases
that contain chemicals and drugs related information. It is managed by the
Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) in the Division of
Specialized Information Services (SIS) of the National Library of Medicine (NLM).",
"URL": "https://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/",
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{
"SourceName": "CAMEO Chemicals",
"SourceID": "CameoReactivityTree",
"Name": "CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification",
"Description": "CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification was created based
on the reactive groups.",
"URL": "https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react"
},
{
"SourceName": "EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)",
"SourceID": "cpdat_tree",
"Name": "EPA CPDat Classification",
"Description": "CPDat (Chemical and Products Database) is a database
containing information mapping more than 49,000 chemicals to a set of terms
categorizing their usage or function in 16,000 consumer products. Ref: The Chemical
and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in
consumer products, Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180125 (2018),
DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.125",
"URL": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/chemical-and-products-
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{
"SourceID": "68015386",
"Name": "Hazardous Substances",
"URL": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68015386"
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{
"SourceName": "NCBI",
"SourceID": "LinkOut",
"Description": "LinkOut is a service that allows one to link directly from
NCBI databases to a wide range of information and services beyond NCBI systems.",
"URL": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/linkout"
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]
}
}

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