APPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT IN BROAD SCOPE

Written By:
Nungki Dimas Ari Pradana (19.0101.0124)
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STUDIES
PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAGELANG
2019

ABSTRACTION
Management is an art to control, lead, organize, plan. Management has been
known since ancient Egypt where at that time a system of leadership was
discovered which was finally named management. Some experts speculate about
the history of management and definitions, the field of management is very broad
and covers in everyday life where the most basic management is self-
management.
Management has 4 functions, i.e.
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Controlling
4. Leadership
4 functions have an explanation that will be discussed in this article. The
management function must be owned by a manager because it is included in the
basis for making a decision and how a management can lead the company well
and on target.
A.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Everything in this world can’t be separated from management.
Management has been created since thousand years ago and it was proven with the
discovery of Egyptian pyramid, management have 4 stages: 1.initial management
thinking, 2.the era science of management, 3.the era of social human, 4.modern era.
Management can be application in every scope, but not every people can realized.

For study of management we have to know about definitions, purpose, how to

use, and we must have experience about management. Management is art of leadership,
organizing, planning, controlling in organization, we have to understand about 4 that
things and we realized in every scope. Management can be learn for every people because
every people have a leadership and the most basic management is management self. How
to manage self it depend from yourself

1.2Formulation of The Problem

1 . The Difference theory of expert
a. Types Of Management
i. Patrimonial Management
ii. Political Management
iii. Professional Management
b. Scope Of Management
2. Function Of Management ?
B.DISCUSSION

2.1 Historical Of Management

1.1The Difference theory of expert
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915) was the first to study worker
productivity and the best way to optimize it. Taylor, who has a
background in mechanical engineering, conducted an experiment
which finally succeeded in developing four scientific management
principles known as "Taylorism". These principles recommend that
scientific methods should be used to determine the most efficient way
to carry out tasks in the workplace rather than just relying on workers'
personal assessments.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a mining engineer and senior executive
in France who was considered one of the most influential contributors
to modern management theory. Unlike Taylor, who increase
productivity by analyzing workers' actions, Fayol took a top-down
approach.
Max Weber (1864-1920) was a German sociologist who developed a
theory of bureaucratic management that focused on hierarchical
organizational structuring with clear governance rules.

1.2 Types of Management

Types of management according to Harbison and Myers:
1. Patrimonial Management
There is when a company is owned by a family and important positions in the
company hierarchy are controlled by the family members.
2. Political Management
A form of management where important and essential positions in an organization
are held by those who have political relations based on loyalty to a particular
political party.
3. Professional Management
Strategic and important positions are left to those who have provided evidence of
their skills, capacities, abilities, expertise or in other words on the basis of the
services and results they provide to the company.

1.3 Scope of Management

I. External Environment (External)
a. General environment, including economic, political, legal, socio-cultural
(cultural), technology, international dimensions (such as globalization and
economic understanding), and conditions of the natural environment.
b. Special environment, including the owner (stockholder), customers, clients,
suppliers, competitors, labor supply, government agencies, financial institutions,
the media, and trade unions.
Internal Environment
• Human (special and personal managerial).
• Financial (source, allocation and control of funds).
• Physical (buildings, offices, etc.).
• Systems and Technology.
• Organizational Value and Culture System.
To measure and analyze this environment, SWOT analysis is used.
2.2. Function of Management
The Management Function consists of 4 main management functions
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing
4. Controlling
In the company, to obtain maximum management results, managers in the
company must be able to master all the existing management functions. For to
very understand about function of management have to know definitions about 4
function.
A. Planning
Planning is an activity to compile, the company's goals then proceed with
preparing various plans in order to achieve the company's goals that have been
determined. Planning is carried out in determining overall organizational goals
and is the best step to achieve that goal. Manager evaluates various alternative
plans before taking action then examines the selected plan whether it is suitable
and can be used to achieve the objectives. Planning is the most important initial
process of all management functions, because other functions cannot run without
planning.
There are several activities in the planning function
1. Set the direction of goals and business targets.
2. Develop strategies in achieving these goals and targets.
3. Determine the resources needed.
4. Setting standards of success in achieving a business goal and target.

B. Organizing
Organizing is an activity of managing human resources and other physical
resources owned by the company to be able to carry out the plans that have been
set and achieve the main objectives of the company. Organizing is the whole
process of grouping all people, tools, responsibilities and authority in such a way
as to create unity that can be mobilized in achieving goals. Organizing can make it
easy for managers to carry out supervision and determine the personnel needed to
carry out tasks that have been divided. Organizing can be carried out by
determining what tasks must be done, who are the personnel who carry out them,
how the tasks are grouped, who is responsible for the task. Below are the activities
that exist in Organizing.
1. Allocate resources, arrange and assign tasks and define required procedures.
2. Establish company structures that address lines of authority and responsibility.
3. Recruitment activities, selecting people, training and workforce development.
4. Workforce placement activities in the right and most appropriate position.
There are several elements in organizing a company:
1. A group of people who are directed to work together.
2. Perform predetermined activities.
3. Activities are directed towards achieving goals.

C. Directing
Directing alias directing function is a function to increase the effectiveness and
efficiency of performance optimally and create an atmosphere of a dynamic,
healthy work environment and others. There are several activities carried out on
the briefing function:

1. Implementing a process of leadership, mentoring, and providing motivation

to employees who can work effectively and efficiently in achieving the
goals set
2. Give assignments and regular explanation about the job
3. Explain all the policies that have been set

D. Controlling
Controlling is an activity in assessing a performance based on standards that have
been made changes or an improvement if needed. Activities in this control
function
Controlling or monitoring functions can run effectively if this matter is
considered:
1. Routing (path), managers must be able to determine the way or path in
order to find out where something is often an error occurs
2. Scheduling (timing), in determining the time, managers must be able to
determine with the task when the supervision should be carried out.
Sometimes, scheduled supervision is not efficient in finding errors, and it
is better to do something suddenly, sometimes even more useful.
3. Dispatching (order of implementation), is supervision in the form of an
order of execution on work aimed at a work that can be completed on
time. with commands like this the implementation of a job can avoid the
conditions that are suspended, so in the end it can be identified who has
made a mistake
4. Follow up if the leader finds an error then the leader should look for a
solution to the problem. By giving warnings to workers who intentionally
or unintentionally made a mistake and giving instructions so that the same
mistakes do not recur.
 C.CONCLUSION

The one function for this topic management is art of leadership, organizing,
planning, controlling and management is complex matter because can be applied
in many aspect and can have broad coverages. Function of management must have
in manager because for the company manager must can be a leader.
 Reference
Nichanotes, http://nichonatess.blogspot.com/2015/02/fungtion-manajement.html (acces
in 25 December 2019)

Nichanotes , http://nichonatess.blogspot.com/2015/02/historical-manajemen-and-
develompment.html (acces in 27 December 2019)