▪ PHARMACOLOGICAL

For Anti-RETROVIRAL DRUGS:

Use of 1 nNRTI with 2 NRTIs is the preferred strategy.

- Efavirenz (600mg)- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

- Lamivudine(300mg)- nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir (300 mg) - nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Frequency of clinical monitoring shall depend on the patient's response to Anti-retroviral therapy
(ART). Patients shall be followed-up on the minimum, at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after starting Anti-
retroviral therapy (ART) and every six months once patient has been assessed to be stable.
Reassessment of clinical condition and assessment of symptoms of drug toxicities should be
made every visit.

Prophylaxis can also be given against opportunistic infections.

*For the urethral discharge

 Broad- spectrum antibiotics(Azithromycin,cefixime) can be given while waiting for the
laboratory result for the confirmation of the specific organism.

▪ NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL

- Eat balanced diet

- enough sleep
- exercise
-sufficient fluid intake
- nutritional supplementation

These provide the body with energy and nutrients and help the body to fight infection. The diet
should be simple, easily digestible, and to the liking of the patient to encourage consumption.
Meals should be small but at frequent intervals. Six smaller meals per day are advised instead of
three meals. Larger meals can be given if the condition of the patient improves.

Complications
People living with HIV are at a high risk of becoming infected by a wide range of different viruses
and microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and parasites due to CD4 count falls below 200 cells per
cubic millimeter of blood.

According to the CDC, the most common opportunistic infections for people with HIV include:

· Candidiasis, an infection by yeast in the genus Candida, which in serious cases can affect the
esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and deeper lung tissues
 · Coccidioidomycosis, an infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which can lead
to a form of pneumonia called desert fever, San Joaquin Valley fever, or Valley fever
· Cryptococcosis, an infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, which first
affects the lungs (leading to pneumonia) and brain (causing swelling), before spreading to the
skin, bones, and urinary tract
· Cytomegalovirus infections, which can cause pneumonia, gastroenteritis (stomach and
intestine inflammation), encephalitis (brain inflammation), and retinitis (an infection of the
retina that can cause blindness)
· Herpes simplex virus infections, which can cause bronchitis, pneumonia, and esophagitis
· Histoplasmosis, a lung infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which leads
to flu- and pneumonia-like symptoms, as well as progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, a
disease that can affect other organs
· Tuberculosis, which is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
· Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, caused by a fungus
· Pneumonia caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae
· Septicemia (blood infection) caused by the bacteria salmonella
· Toxoplasmosis, a brain infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Prevention

• Sexual Abstinence
• Number of partners should be avoided( reduce number of partners whom they have sex)
• Changing sexual behavior ( type of sexual activity)
• Barrier method (male-female condoms)
• Effective and timely treatment of sexually transmitted infections
• Avoid contaminated needles and syringes
• Avoid unnecessary blood transfusion
• Screen donated blood
• Avoid reusing or sharing injecting equipment