Felizardo, Normina Leah G.

February 18,2020
BTVTed-201
Definition of Nationality
Nationality is the legal status, which represents the country from which an
individual belongs. An individual’s nationality denotes, the country where he/she is born
and are the legal citizen. The status is acquired by birth, inheritance or naturalization.
On the basis of constitutional provisions, every state sets the criteria which
determine who can be the nationals of the country. It provides the country, rights over
the person. Further, it provides the person, protection of the nation from other nations.
Based on international conventions, every sovereign state is entitled to determine
its nationals, as per nationality law. One has the right enter or return to the country; they
came from.

Definition of Citizenship
Citizenship is a status acquired by becoming a registered member of the state by
law. Any person can become a member of the state by satisfying the legal requirements
of the respective country. In simple terms, the virtue of being a citizen of the country is
called citizenship.
By inheritance, marriage, birth, naturalization and registration are the ways to
become a recognized citizen of the country. Every state grants some legal rights and
privileges to its citizens, and they are also bound to follow the rules and regulations
framed by the government of the respective country.
Once the person becomes a citizen of the state, he has the right to vote, work,
reside, pay taxes and take an active part in the country. Every person is a citizen of the
country where he/she is born, but to become a citizen of some other country, one needs
to apply for it.
Key Differences Between Nationality and Citizenship
 The differences between nationality and citizenship can be drawn clearly on the
following grounds:
 The status arising out of the fact that a person is the origin of a particular nation
is called Nationality. Citizenship is the political status that can be obtained by
meeting the legal requirements set by the government of the state.
 The nationality is an ethnic or racial concept. On the other hand, citizenship is a
legal or juristic concept.
 The nationality of a person indicates his/her place or country of birth while the
citizenship of a person shows that the individual is registered as a citizen by the
government of the respective country.
  A person can become a national of a country by birth or by inheritance. As
against this, there are a variety of ways through which an individual can become
the citizen of a country, i.e. by birth, inheritance, marriage, naturalization or
registration.
 The nationality of a person cannot be changed. However, his citizenship can be
changed.
 The nationality of a person cannot be taken back, once acquired while the
citizenship of a person can be taken back.
 A person cannot be a national of more than one country. In contrast, a person
can possess citizenship of more than one country at a time.
Conclusion
Nationality, as the name suggests, is something in connection with the nation,
which a person obtains by birth and is innate. On the other hand, citizenship is a bit
different, which requires a person to fulfill the legal formalities to become a recognized
member of the state. Further, nationality is a subject of international dealings while
citizenship is a matter of country’s internal political life.
To acquire full citizenship, nationality is an essential condition but not the only
condition to be fulfilled. It allows a person full civil and social rights along with political
rights. The person who are national but they are not granted full rights of the country are
known as a second-class citizen.
https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-nationality-and-citizenship.html
In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel bound into a
single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion and/or language. A "state" just
refers to a patch of land with a sovereign government. States often coincide with nations
(and are called "nation-states," but not always. States that overlap multiple nations tend
to have civil wars; states that exclude parts of a nation tend to have wars with the
neighboring state(s) that contain the rest of the nation.
What is a State?
A State is an independent, sovereign government exercising control over a
certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose borders are usually clearly defined
and internationally recognized by other states.
 States are tied to territory
 Sovereign or state as absolute ruler over territory
 Have clear borders
 Defends and controls its territory within those borders
 Is recognized by other countries (diplomatic recognition, passports, treaties, etc.)
 States have bureaucracies staffed by state’s own personnel
 Has a national bureaucracy staffed by government personnel (legal system,
educational system, hierarchical governmental units, etc.)
 States monopolize certain functions within its territory (sovereign)
 Controls legitimate use of force within its territory
 Controls money at national scale (prints currency; collects taxes)
 Makes rules within its territory (law, regulations, taxes, citizenship, etc.)
 Controls much information within its territory
 States try to form nations within their borders (through symbols, education,
‘national interest,’ etc.).
So, what is a Nation?
A nation is a group of people who see themselves as a cohesive and coherent
unit based on shared cultural or historical criteria. Nations are socially constructed units,
not given by nature. Their existence, definition, and members can change dramatically
based on circumstances. Nations in some ways can be thought of as “imagined
communities” that are bound together by notions of unity that can pivot around religion,
ethnic identity, language, cultural practice and so forth. The concept and practice of a
nation work to establish who belongs and who does not (insider vs. outsider). Such
conceptions often ignore political boundaries such that a single nation may “spill over”
into multiple states. Furthermore, states ≠ nations: not every nation has a state (e.g.,
Kurds; Roma; Palestine). Some states may contain all or parts of multiple nations.
And what about a Nation-State?
A Nation-State is the idea of a homogenous nation governed by its own
sovereign state—where each state contains one nation. This idea is almost never
achieved.
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog128/node/534
Points of Difference between State and Nation:
1. State is a Political Organization while Nation is a social, cultural, psychological,
emotional and political unity.
2. Possession of a Definite Territory is essential for the State but not for a Nation.
3. Sovereignty is essential for State but not for Nation
4. A State can be created while a Nation is always the result of evolution
5. The State uses police power (force) for preserving its unity and integrity, the
Nation is bound by strong cultural and historical links.
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/difference/9-major-differences-between-state-and-
nation/40326
 Race and Ethnicity
The traditional definition of race and ethnicity is related to biological and
sociological factors respectively. Race refers to a person's physical characteristics, such
as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color. Ethnicity, however, refers to cultural
factors, including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, and language.
An example of race is brown, white, or black skin (all from various parts of the
world), while an example of ethnicity is German or Spanish ancestry (regardless of
race) or Han Chinese. Your race is determined by how you look while your ethnicity is
determined based on the social and cultural groups you belong to. You can have more
than one ethnicities but you are said to have one race, even if it's "mixed race".
In society, race is often used to define someone by their skin color, as well as
other physical, social, and biological attributes. For example, the U.S. Census defines
race as "a person’s self-identification with one or more social groups." These personal
identifiers are the words you most often see when you're completing official paperwork
and are asked to check the box of your respective race. So when considering what the
different types of races are, the options are usually: white, Black of African American,
Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander.
Now, when using the word ethnicity, that term most often refers to the way in
which one identifies learned aspects of themselves—i.e., nationality, language, and
culture. For example, Italian is both a nationality and an ethnicity. To further clarify,
Brody explains that when looking at how it's often used in language, someone could
say, I identify as Black, but I was raised in Panama, so I'm ethnically Panamanian, or:
We are both Black, but I am West Indian. Or, to bring pop culture into it, Jason Momoa
identifies his race as Native Hawaiian, but his ethnicity is Polynesian.
https://www.oprahmag.com/life/a28787295/race-vs-ethnicity-difference/
Differences between race and ethnicity:
 Race is biological, while ethnicity is cultural.
 Ethnicity can be displayed or hidden, while race generally cannot be.
 Ethnicity can be adopted, ignored, or broadened, while racial characteristics
cannot.
 Ethnicity has subcategories, while races no longer do.
 Both have been used to subjugate or persecute people.
 Some sociologists believe that racial divisions are based more on sociological
concepts than biological principles.
https://www.thoughtco.com/difference-between-race-and-ethnicity-2834950