DDC Darchula District Profile.

æhn>f]t,hl8a'6L Pj+ ko{6g k'jf{wf/df xfd|f] k|of;,;du| bfr{'nfsf] ljsf;Æ
k|yd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgff

-@)&@÷)&#—@)&^÷)&&_
klxnf] efu
lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f @)&@
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, bfr{'nf

@)&@
b'O{ zAb
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f, @)&@ n] lhNnfsf] lrgf/L, lhNnf;DaGwL ljsf;sf ultaLlw,
xfn ;Ddsf hg;f+lVos, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, jg jftfj/0f, ;+:yfut Pj+
lhNnfsf] ;|f]t ;fwg ;DefJotf cfbL ljljw hfgsf/L xfzLn ug{ d2t ug]{5 . ;+sng Pjd\
k|zf]wg ul/Psf tYof°x? låtLo :t/sf ;|f]tx? jf6 k|fKt ePsf x'g\ . låtLo :t/sf
tYof°x?sf] ljZn]if0faf6 lhNnfsf] jt{dfg ca:yf ;lxt ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;DefJotfnfO{ a9L
eGbf a9L e/kbf]{ jgfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5, h;n]] t'ngfTds ?kdf lhNnf xfn sxfF / s'g
cj:yfdf 5 eGg] lgisz{ lgsfNb} cfufdL jif{x?df o;sfnflu s], s;/L n}hfg ;lsG5 eGg]
s'/fx? tkm{ 8f]¥ofpg O+lut u/]sf] 5 .
of] j:t'ut ljj/0f xfn} tof/ ug{ nfluPsf] bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] k|yd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;
of]hgf th{'dfsf nflu ;d]t pkof]uL x'g]5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, lhNnf l:yt laleGg ;/sf/L,
u}}/;/sf/L sfo{nox?sf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / ljljw ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df ;d]t o;sf
tYofs+x?nfO{ pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm lhNnf ;DalGw vf]h, cg';Gwfgsf ;fy}
lghL, /fli6«o, cGt/fli6«o :t/af6 lhNnfdf elaiodf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] nufgLnfO{ ;d]t
;sf/fTds k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]5 . bfr{'nf lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu x'g ;Sg] ;fgf–7"nf cfof]hgf
kl/of]hgfsf] ;DefAotf cWoog, th'{df nflu ;d]t of] lhNnf a:t'ut ljj/0f pkof]uL x'g
;Sg]5 . pko'Qm ;dodf t}of/ ul/Psf] of] lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0fsf lalaw hfgsf/L Pa+
tYof°s} sf/0fn] klg lhNnfdf ;/sf/L, bft[;+:yf, lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf ;lxt ljsf;
sfo{df cfufdL aif{x?df nufgL pNn]Vo dfqfdf a9g ;Sg] ;+efjgf ;d]t /xG5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] nfdf] ;dob]lv vfln /x]sf] of]hgfa4 ljsf;sfo{nfO{ k'gM lg/Gt/tf
lbg] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . lålto :t/sf tYof° ;+sngdf, lhlj; bfr{'nf / o;;+u ;DjlGwt ;a}
sd{rf/Lx?, ljifout sfof{nox?sf] laz]if of]ubfgsf nflu pxfx?nfO{ wGoafb lbg rfxG5f} .
lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|d'v, /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltgLlw, lzIfs,
a'l4lhaLx?x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfgsf nflu wGoafb 6qmØfp5f}+ .
n'lAagL ;fdflhs ljsf; s]Gb|

;lGwvs{ ^,c3f{vfFrL
ljifo ;"rL
efu ! -Ps_ M kl/ro
!=! j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f e"ldsf
!=@ j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f p2]Zo
!=#= j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f ljlw
!=$ cWoogsf l;dfx?
efu @ -b'O{_ M ef}uf]lns ljj/0f

@=! lhNnfsf] gfdfs/0f
@=@= lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf
@=# /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg
@=$ e" pkof]u
@=% xfjfkfgL
@=^ df6f]
@=& ;+efljt e" Ifo If]q
@=* k|d'v gbL, tfn / u'kmfx?
@=( ko{6lso, wfld{s, kf}/fl0fs dxTjsf :yfgx?
@=!)= ;dy/ e"efu jf k|b]z
@=!!= kxf8L e'efu jf k|b]z
@=!@= n]sfnL e"efu jf k|b]{z
@=!#= lxdfnL e"efu jf k|b]{z
@=!$=jgh+un
@=!%= bfr{'nf lhNnfdf kfO{g] ag:kltx?
@=!^= bfr{'nfdf kfOg] hl8a'l6x?
efu # --ltg_ M hg;+Vof

#=! cfwf/e"t hg;f+lVos ljz]iftf
#=@=hg;+Vof ljj/0f
#=#= hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/, kl/jt{g / j[l4b/
#=$= pd]/ut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
#=%= lnu+ tyf kfFr jif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof
#=^= hfthflt cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
#=&= lj=;= @)%* cg';f/ hfthfltsf] hg;+Vof
#=*=hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/ / If]q
#=(=pd]/;d'x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] d'nL
#=!)=3/d"nL ;+usf] gftf ;DaGwsf] ljj/0f
#=!!=wd{ cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
#=!@= gful/stfsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
#=!#=kfFr aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] cGt/df !) aif{ pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs ca:yf
#=!$= kfFr aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] cGt/df !) aif{ pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs ca:yf
#=!%= kfFr aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] cGt/df !) aif{ pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs ca:yf
#=!^=klxnf] ljjfxsf] pd]/
#=!&=bfr'{nfdf a;f]af; ug{] ljb]lzx? a:g] sf/0fx?
#=!*=bfr{'nfdf af]lng] dfqLefiffsf] ljj/0f
#=!(=bfr{'nfdf af]lng] bf];|f] efiff
#=@)=j;fO{;/fO{ tyf ultlzntf
#=@!=wd{sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof
#=@@=uf=lj=;=cg';f/
#=@#=:jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f
#=@$=ef}lts ljj/0f
#=@%=alQsf ;|f]tx?
efu $ -rf/_ M cfly{s cj:yf

$=! lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfut :j?
$=@ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf /f]huf/Lsf]
$=#=d'Vo pTkfbg s[lif ks]6 If]qx?sf] ljj/0f
$=$= cfly{s ?kn] pRr ljkGgtf ePsf :yfgx?sf] ljj/0f M–
$=%= lhNnfsf] cfly{s ultljlw / ahf/ ;Gt'ng
$=^= lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu / pBd ljsf;df nufgL ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf
efu % -kfFr_ M ;fdflhs cj:yf

%=! lzIff tyf dfgj ljsf;
%=@= lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljj/0f
%=#= :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f
%=#=! :jf:Yo ;]jfsf nfuL ;+:yfut k|of;
%=$= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO / 9n lgsf;
%=% dlxnf, afnaflnsf / nlIft ju{
%=%=! dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yf
efu ^ -5_ M ef}lts k"jf{wf/

^=! oftfoft
^=@ oftfoft
^=#= ef}lts of]hgf / cfjf;
^=$ l;+rfO{ k|0ffnL
^=% j}slNks phf{
^=^= ;"rgf, ;+rf/ / lj1fg k|ljlw
^=&= j:tL ljsf; / zx/Ls/0f pGd'v
efu & -;ft_ M lhNnfsf] jftfj/0fLo cj:yf

&=! jg Joj:yfkg ;DalGw ljj/0f
&=@ e" Jo:yfkg / ;+j]bglzntf
&=# ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf
&=#=!ljkbsf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf tyf hgzlQm
&=#=@=ljkb hf]lvd :t/Ls/0f
efu * -cf7_ M ;+:yfut ljsf;

*=! ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;
*=@ ljQLo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf
*=# u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
*=$ of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if0f
*=% ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;~hfn
cg';"rLx?
cg';"rL !=!M uflj; cg';f/ hg;f+lVos ca:yf
cg';"rL !=@ M hfthflt cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
cg';"rL=!=#= hfthflt cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
cg';"rL !=$M a;fO{;/fO{{ tyf ultlzntfsf cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f
cg';"rL !=% M ;+lIfKt z}lIfs ljj/0f
cg';"rL !=^ M uflj; cg';f/ vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]tsf] ljj/0f
cg';"rL !=& M ljleGg uflj;sf kfl/jf/x?df rkL{sf] k|of]u
cg';"rL @M ;|f]t gSzfx?
tflnsfx?sf] ;"rL
tflnsf g+ !M lhNnfsf] e" pkof]usf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @= pd]/ut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= #= hfthflt cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
tflnsf g= $= hfthflt cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
tflnsf g= % hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/ / If]q
tflnsf g= ^= pd]/;d'x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] d'nL
tflnsf g= &=3/d"nL ;+usf] gftf ;DaGwsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= *= wd{ cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
tflnsf g= (= gful/stfsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= !)= kfFr aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] cGt/df !) aif{ pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs
ca:yf
tflnsf g= !!= kfFr aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] cGt/df !) aif{ pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs
ca:yf
tflnsf g= !@= pd]/;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs ca:yf
tflnsf g= !# klxnf] ljjfxsf] pd]/
tflnsf g= !$= bfr'{nfdf a;f]af; ug{] ljb]lzx? a:g] sf/0fx?
tflnsf g= !%= bfr'{nfdf af]lng] efiff
tflnsf g= !^= bfr'{nfdf af]lng] bf];|f] efiff
tflnsf g= !&= j;fO{;/fO{ tyf ultlzntf
tflnsf g= !*=cfdfsf] pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ d[t[x'g] afnaflnsfx?sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= !(= cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmo cfdfx?af6 ljut Ps aif{df lhljt hGdg]
afnaflnsfx?
tflnsf g=@)=vfgf ksfpg] O{Gwgsf] ;|f]tx?
tflnsf g= @!= alQsf ;|f]tx?sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @@= d'Vo pTkfbg s[lif ks]6 If]qx?sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @#=cfly{s ?kn] pRr ljkGgtf ePsf :yfgx?sf] ljj/0f M
tflnsf g= @$=cfly{s ultljlwdf of]ubfg / kl/0ffd
tflnsf g= @%=z}lIfs :t/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @^= kfFr aif{ eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] z}lIfs ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @&= lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljj/0f
tflnsf g= @*= vfg] kfgLsf d'Vo >f]tx?sf] ca:yf
tflnsf g= @(=zf}rfnosf] k|of]usf] ca:yf / ljj/0f
tflnsf g=#)= ljleGg ;'lawf ePsf kl/jf/x?
tflnsf g+ #!M lhNnfsf] e" pkof]usf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g=#@M bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt ;:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ;DjlGw
ljj/0f
tflnsf g=##= lhNnfdf ;+rflnt :yfgLo u};;x?sf] ljj/0f
efu ! -Ps_ M
kl/ro
!=! j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f e"ldsf
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% tyf lgodfjnL @)%^ sf] k|fjwfg cg'?k k|To]s lhNnfdf
:yfgLo lgsfox?n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cEof; ul//x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo :jzf;gsf] k|lqmofnfO{
Jojl:yt u/L ;"zf;gsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ clek|fon] nfu' ul/Psf] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] x/]s lhNnfn] ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug'{
kg]{ / ;f]sf] th'{dfsf] nflu cfjZos tYof+s÷;"rgf ;lxtsf] lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/
ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfr'{nfsf] g]t[Tjdf lhNnfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}uf]lns,
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, jg tyf jftfj/0f, tyf ;+:yfut ljsf; If]qsf ;"rgf x?nfO{ ;d]6]/
lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .
!=@ j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f p2]Zo
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] ;du| ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ef}uf]lns, tyf /fhgLlts If]qx?sf] ;du| j:t'l:ylt
emNsfO{ lhNnfsf] bf];|f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{sf nfuL tYof+sx?sf] cfwf/
/]vf tof/ ul/ lhNnfsf] j:t'ut l:ylt ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u ug{] d'n p2]Zo ;lxt tof/
kfl/Psf] o; lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0fsf ljlzi6 p2]Zox¿ b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M
!= lhNnfsf] ;du| j:t'l:ylt ;DjlGw tYofs+x? tof/ kfg]{ / ;f]sf] af/]df ;fe]mbf/x?nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
@= lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, tyf /fhgLlts jftfj/0fsf jf/]df
tYofs+x? tof/ kfg]{ / ;f]sf] af/]df ;fe]mbf/x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
#= lhNnfdf pknJw ljleGg ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] pknJwtf / l:yltsf jf/]df ljZn]if0f ug]{
$= lhNnf l:yt ljifout sfof{no tyf ;+3;+:yfx¿jf6 tof/ kfl/Psf tYofs+x?sf] ;+sng,
ljZn]if0f / PsLs[t ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
%= lhNnfsf] ljifout÷If]qut ljsf;sf ;d:of / ;Defjgfx¿sf] klxrfg tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
^= lhNnfsf] cfjlws÷jflif{s of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu ;du| If]qsf] ;"rgf÷tYof° pknAw
u/fpg] .
!=#= j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f ljlw
cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb{]lzsf @)^^ n] lgb]{z u/]adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf
ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ cfjZos kg]{ tYofs+x?sf] ;+sngsf nflu ;j{k|yd cfjZos
kmf/fdx? tof/ kfl/ lhlj; bfr{'nf dfkm{t\ ;DalGwt ljifout sfof{nox¿df kmf/fd k7fO{of] .
tTkZrft, lhNnfsf ljifout sfof{nosf bL3{sfnLg of]hgfx? tyf cGo k|sfzgx?sf] ;+sng
tyf k]zfut ;+3;+u7g tyf lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf af/]df ljz]if bVvn /fVg] JolQm tyf
;+Yffx¿;Fu k|ToIf e]63f6 tyf cGt{lqmof u/L ;+slnt ;"rgfx?nfO{ yk u'0ffTdstf tyf
;fGb{lestf k|bfg ug] sfo{ ;DkGg eof] . o;sf cnfjf, /fli6«o lgsfox¿ h:t} s]lGb|o tYof+s
ljefu, g]kfn /fi6« j}+s, tyf s]lGb|o gfkL ljefu cfbLaf6 k|sflzt lhNnfsf ;"rgfx¿
;d]tsf] k|of]u ul/ lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt emNsfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . cGTodf, ljifout
sfof{nox?sf jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] Plss[t k|ult
k|ltj]bgx? ;d]tsf cfwf/df k|fKt tYof+sx?nfO{ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf lj1 6f]nLn] ljleGg
ljZn]if0fsf ljlwx? k|of]u u/L b:tfj]hsf] clGtd k|f?k tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy;fy},
ljZn]lift tYof+s tyf ;"rgfx¿nfO{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df gS;fê g ;d]t
ul/Psf] 5 . tYof+s ljZn]if0fsf qmddf pknAw ;"rgfx?nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] kl5Nnf] lg0f{o
cg';f/ u7g ePsf gu/kflnsfx?sf] cfwf/df s]lx ;dfof]hg u/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
!=$ cWoogsf l;dfx?
lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Lsf l;nl;nfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL
lgb{]lzsfsf] t];|f] ;+:s/0f -@)^^_ n] lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhdsf] vfsfdf k|:t't ug{] k|of; ul/Psf]
5, . tyfkL, cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rgf pknAw x'g g;s]sfn] ;"rgfsf] pknAwtf / cfjlws
lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] cfjZostf cg'?k k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
efu @ -b'O{_ M ef}uf]lns ljj/0f

@=! lhNnfsf] gfdfs/0f
g]kfnsf] ;"b'/klZrddf~rn ljsf; If]q dxfsfnL cGrndf /x]sf rf/ lhNnf dWo bfr{'nf Ps
xf] . of] pQ/df lrg klZrd ef/tsf] ljrdf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] gfd bfr{'nf s;/L /xg uof]
eGg] ljifodf ljleGg egfOx? /xg uPsf 5g\ . wf/r'nf / bf/r'nf h'glsl;dsf] pRrf/0f u/]
klg :yflgo efiffdf wf/ / r'nfaf6 o;sf] ;Daf]wg ePsf] kfO{G5 . :yflgo efiffdf wf/sf] cy{
cUnf] r'r'/f] ePsf] kxf8 / r'nfsf] cy{ r'Nxf] x'G5 hf] vfgf ksfpg] sfddf k|of]u x'G5 .
r'Nxf]df ltgj6f 9'· fx? r'r'/fsf] cfsf/df x'G5g\ . ltgj6f wf/ePsf] cfsf/df of] lhNnf
cal:yt /xg uPsf] 5 .
xfnsf] ca:yfdf g]kfn tkm{ b'O{j6f kxf8 / ef/t tkm{ Pp6f kxf8 cal:yt /xg uPsf]
kfO{G5 . kxf8sf] km]bLaf6 x]bf{ ltgj6f wf/x? hf] h'Nxf] cfsf/df b]lvG5g\ . ;Too'udf Aof;
>mlifn] o;nfO{ r'Nxf]sf] ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] s'/f klg lsDablGt 5 eGg] :yflgo af;Lx?sf]
egfO{ 5 t/ o;sf] lnlf k|df0f eg] kfpg ;lsPg . Aof; lxdfnaf6 Aof; >mlif tk:of u/]/
kms{bfsf] :yflgo lsDablGtnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] wf/r'nfaf6 bfr{'nf gfdfs/0f x'g uPsf]
b]lvG5 .
@=@= lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf

bfr'{nf lhNnf ;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljsf;Ifq]sf] dxfsfnL
c~rndf kb{5 . of] *)+ @@ b]lv *!+ ( k"jL{ b]zfGt/ /
@(+ #^ b]lv #)+ !% pQ/L cIffFz lardf km}lnPsf] 5 .
o;sf] ;Ldfgf k"j{df aemf∙ lhNnf, klZrddf ef/tsf]
pQ/fv08sf] lkyf}/fu9, pQ/df lrgsf] :jzfl;tIf]q ltAat /
blIf0fdf a}t8L lhNnf k5{ . ;d'b|L ;txaf6 %!* b]lv &!#@
ld6/;Ddsf] prfO{ ePsf] of] lhNnfsf] If]qkmn @#@@
ju{lsnf]ld6/ 5 . o; lhNnfsf] b'x"+, dfdf{ / n]sd u/L
# If]q b]lvG5 . o;sf] pQ/L efu lxdfnsf] glhs / prfO{
w]/} ePsf sf/0f Hofb} hf8f] x'g] / blIf0f efu xf]rf]
x'gfn] tyf dxfsfnL / rf}nfgL gbLsf au/sf kmfF6 x'gfn]
r}q b]lv h]i7 ;Dd k|z:t udL{ x'G5 . cf};t tfkqmd %=&)
b]lv !*=^) ;]N;Lo; ;Dd x'G5 eg] h]i7 b]lv c;f]h ;Dd
jfifL{s @!@( ld=nL= ;Dd aiff{ x'G5 . wd{sf] lx;fan]
((=*$ k|ltzt lxGb' wdf{nDaL 5g\ eg] bf]>f] / t]>f]df
qmdzM af}4 / cGo wd{ kb{5g\ . k|l;4 clk lxdfn, Jof;
lxdfn, dxnsf] eUgfjz]if, lnk'n]s, wdL{ u'kmf,
dflnsfh'{g dlGb/ nufot o; lhNnfdf k|z:t wfdL{s tyf
ko{6lso :yfgx? 5g\ .
@=# /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg

o; lhNnfdf /fhg}lts Pj+ k|zf;lgs lx;fan] hDdf ! ;+;bLo
lgjf{rg If]q, !! Onfsf, ! gu/kflnsf – -xfn} 3f]if0ff
ePsf] ckLgu/kflnsf_ tyf #^ uf“p ljsf; ;ldltdf ljeflht
5 .
!= ljsf; If]q M ;"b'/klZrdf~rn
@= c~rn M dxfsfnL
#= lhNnf M bfr{'nf
$= ;+;lbo lgaf{rg If]q M !
%= Onfsf ;+Vof M !!
^= gu/kflnsf M !
&= uf=lj=;= M #^
@=$ e" pkof]u

bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] jgfj6 klZrddf ef/tsf] l;dfgfaf6 ;'?
eO{ pQ/df lxdfn kxf8;Dd km}lnPsf] x'+bf of] w/ftlno
:j?kklg blIf0faf6 qmdz pQ/lt/ p7\b} uPsf] lxdfnL efu 5
. lxdfnL efudf /x]sf] hldg ;+/If0f ug{' kg{] ca:yf 5 .
o:tf] lsl;dsf] gLlt g]kfndf cBfkL k|of]udf gcfO{
;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf k/Dk/fb]lv g} cEof; ub}{
cfPsf] cfwf/df o; lhNnfsf] e"–efunfO{ @ j6f ju{df
ljefhg ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
-s_ v]tL ug{ ;lsg] hldg @(,%$$ x]S6/ -!@=^* k|ltzt_
-v_ v]tL ug{ g;lsg] hldg @)#$!=x]S6/ -*&=#@ k|lt;t_
o; lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ hldgsf] slt slt k|ltzt s'g >]0fLdf
k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] Plsgsf ;fy ljZ]if0f ul/Psf
tYofs+x? pknJw x'g g;s]sf] cjZyf 5 . lhNnfsf] s'n
@,#@,(%(=%( x]S6/ e'efudWo] v]ltof]Uo hldg @(,%$$
x]S6/ -!@=^* k|ltzt_ 5 eg] hDdf @@,*@% x]S6/ -(=*
k|ltzt_ df dfq} v]lt ePsf] 5 eg] l;+lrtIf]q hDdf &,)(*
x]S6/ -#! k|ltzt_ dfq 5 . lhNnfsf] af“sL efudf jg h∙n
&$,%&$=( x]S6/ -#@=)! k|ltzt_ 5 eg] le/ kx/f
!,!*,@&%=%( x]S6/ -%)=&& k|ltzt_ / vf]nfgfnf tyf
cGoefu !)%^$=@ x]S6/ -$=%# k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+ !M lhNnfsf] e" pkof]usf] ljj/0f
qm=;= e"pkof]usf] ljj/0f If]qkmn- k|lt;t
x]S6/df_
)!= s'n e"efu @,#@,(%(=%( !))
)@= v]ltof]Uo hldg @(,%$$ !@=^*
)#= v]ltul/Psf] If]q @@,*@% (=*
)$= jg h∙n &$,%&$=( #@=)!
)%= l;lrt If]q &)(* #!=
)^= le/ kx/f !,!*,@&%=%( %)=&&

)&= vf]nfgfnf tyf !)%^$=@ $=%#
cGoefu
lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf @)&@÷)&#

@=% xfjfkfgL
o; lhNnfsf] b'x"+, dfdf{ / n]sd u/L # If]q b]lvG5 .
o;sf] pQ/L efu lxdfnsf] glhs / prfO{ w]/} ePsf sf/0f
Hofb} hf8f] x'g] / blIf0f efu xf]rf] x'gfn] tyf
dxfsfnL / rf}nfgL gbLsf au/sf kmf“6 x'gfn] r}q b]lv
h]i7 ;Dd k|z:t udL{ x'G5 . cf};t tfkqmd %=&) b]lv
!*=^) ;]N;Lo; ;Dd x'G5 eg] h]i7 b]lv c;f]h ;Dd jfifL{s
@!@( ld=nL= ;Dd aiff{ x'G5 . tfkqmd Go"g x'g uO{ clt
hf8f] x'g] x'+bf oxf+sf] hghLjg si6k|b x'G5 . lhNnfsf]
klZrd / blIf0f ;dy/ a]zLx/df pi0fvfnsf] xfjfkfgL
kfO{G5 . pms", nfnL, bQ", uf]s'n]Zj/, lzv/, b]ynf,wfk
cflbdf o;k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfO{G5 . oL :yfgx?
;d'Gb|;txaf6 %!* ld6/sf] prfO{df /x]sf 5g\ .
u[iddf vf;uld{ klg gx'g] / lxpbdf klg vf; w]/} lr;f]
gx'g] :yfgx?df lhNnfsf] dWoefu kb{5 .
l/7frf}kftf,z+s/k'/ / 5fk/Ldf vf; of] xfjfkfgL kfO{G5
. bfr{'nf lhNNnfsf] lxdfnL efudf 7G8L / lrzf] vfnsf]
xfjfkfgL kfO{G5 .
@=^ df6f]
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] ax";+Vos hgef/ s[lif k]zfdf cfl>t
/x]sf] cj:yf 5 tyfkL, oxf+ df6f]sf] af/]df s'g} 7f];
?kdf ;'Id ?kdf ;+efJotf cWoog ePsf] kfO{b}g . kxf8df
df6f]sf] ;tx ;fx|} kftnf] u/L d'Vo r§fg dfly /x]sf] 5
h;nfO{ Ustrorthents elg juL{s[t ul/Psf] 5 h'g d'Vo
?kdf kq] r§fgaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . 7f“p7f“pdfkf+uf]
df6f] ePsf] of] ;+/rgf ;lhn} aUg] / leGg lk=Pr ePsf] 5
. oL df6f]x¿ anf}6] kf+uf] b]lv lrD6fO{nf] anf}6];Dd
/x]sf 5g\ . jiff{tdf lxdfn tyf kxf8sf] df6f] au]/
tNnf] hnfwf/ If]qdf af9L NofpG5 . dxfsfnL gbLn] ;do
;dodf bfr{'nf ;b/d'sfd / cf;kf;sf 7f“px?df gf]S;fgL
ug]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] cGo 7f“pdf /x]sf vf]nfx?n] klg
hglhjgnfO{ si7 k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] kfO{G5
s_ kf+uf] df6f] M
;du|df bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ oxf+ kf“uf]
df6f]sf] gbLsf] cf;kf; If]qdf 5, h:n]ubf{ lhNnfsf]
s]lx+ If]q pJhfp dflgG5 . hxf+“ cGg pTkfbg / t/sf/L
afnLsf] ;+efJfgf 5 . lxdfn / kxf8L If]qjf6 k|jflxt
gbLx?n] aufO{ NofPsf ;8]sf] kft kQ/ / cGo sDkf]i6hGo
kbfy{nfO{ 5]p5fpsf t6jlt{ efudf lgIf]k ub}{ hf+bf oL
efux? pAhfpof]Uo /xg uPsfx'g eg] af“sLsf] e"efu
v]ltof]Uo sd 5 . s"n e"efusf] !@=^* k|lt;t hldg dfq
v]ltof]Uo 5 .
v_ anf}6] df6f] M
of] df6f] afn"jf, s+s8, 6\ofkL / 9''u+ff ld>Lt df6f]
xf] . of] pAhfpsf] b[li6s]f0fn] lgDgsf]6Lsf] dflgG5 .
ljz]ifu/L lhNnfsf] w]/} h;f] efudf of] df6f]sf]
afx'Notf 5 . ck]Iffs[t sd dfqfdf dfq bnxg / ds}
afnLsf] dfq oxf+ pTkfbg x'G5 . oxf+ l;+rfOsf] ;d]t
cefj /x]sf] 5 .
@=& ;+efljt e"—Ifo If]q
o; lhNnfsf] w]/} h;f] e"–efu kj{t >+[vnfdf kg]{ ePsfn]
;a} lbzf tkm{sf] e"ld le/fnf] lsl;dsf] 5 . le/fnf]
ePsf sf/0f jiff{tdf vx/] vf]nfn] Psflt/ o; If]qsf]
df6f]sf] e":vng x'g] / csf{lt/ lxdfn kxf8af6 au]/]
cfpg] vf]nfx?n] jufO{ NofPsf] jfn'jf, u]Uo|fgx? ;dy/
If]qsf] s[lif e"lddf s6fg ug]{ Psflt/ 5 eg] csf{]lt/
y'kfg]{ x'+bf pJhfp e"ldx? lbg k|ltlbg d?e"lddf tyf
vf]nfsf] efusf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'+b} uPsf 5g\ . ef}uf]lns
ljljwtfsf sf/0fn] of] lhNnf Psflt/ ;'Gb/ dflgG5 eg]
cfly{s lx;fan] ;f]rlgo lhNnfsf] ;+Vofdf g} b]vf kb{5 .
;+efljt e" Ifosf] Aofks ;+Defagfsf] If]qdf of] cal:yt
5 . dxfsfnL gbLsf] s6fgn] bfr{'nfsf] gu/kflnsf /
cf;kf;sf uf=lj=;x? al9 hf]lvddf /xg uPsf 5g\ .
@=* k|d'v gbL, tfn / u'kmfx?
clklxdfn / dfg;/f]j/df hfg] dfu{n] o;nfO{ ljz]if
/dl0fo agfPsf] b]lvG5 . dxfsfnL , rf}nfgLsf ;fy;fy}
cGo vf]nfgfnfn] psflt/ ;f}Gbo{tf a9]sf] 5 eg] csf{]
tkm{ vt/f klg a9]sf] 5 . pQ/L efu lxdfnsf] glhs /
prfO{ w]/} ePsf sf/0f Hofb} hf8f] x'g] / blIf0f efu
xf]rf] x'gfn] tyf dxfsfnL / rf}nfgL gbLsf au/sf kmf“6
x'gfn] r}q b]lv h]i7 ;Dd k|z:t udL{ x'G5 . cf};t
tfkqmd %=&) b]lv !*=^) ;]N;Lo; ;Dd x'G5 eg] h]i7 b]lv
c;f]h ;Dd jfifL{s @!@( ld=nL= ;Dd aiff{ x'G5 . wd{sf]
lx;fan] ((=*$ k|ltzt lxGb' wdf{nDaL 5g\ eg] bf]>f] /
t]>f]df qmdzM af}4 / cGo wd{ kb{5g\ . k|l;4 clk lxdfn,
Jof; lxdfn, dxnsf] eUgfjz]if, lnk'n]s, wdL{ u'kmf,
dflnsfh'{g dlGb/ nufot o; lhNnfdf k|z:t wfdL{s tyf
ko{6lso :yfgx? 5g\ .
@=( ko{6lso, wfld{s, kf}/fl0fs dxTjsf :yfgx?

ljleGg b]jLb]jtfsf dlGb/ / tnfpdf cjl:yt d"lt{ oxfsf]
/dl0fo Pj+ wfld{s :ynsf] ?kdf g]kfn clw/fHod} kl/lrt
5g\ . . vn+uf, ef8L, gf}kGof/, ;'g;]/f, sf6}, bNn]v,
vf/, xf]k/L, uf]u'g], v]8f, l;K6L, nl6gfy,
uf]s'n]Zj/, n'O6f, auf}/f, dflnsfh'{g, kg]afh,
P]l/5fgf, z+s/k'/, ef8L, d]nv]t, e/tf]nf, bQ',
yfnLuf8, rf}kftf, v/s8f, nfnL, ps', hf}nhLjL h:tf
al:tx?df ljsf;sf] al9 ;Defagf eP h:t} bfr{'nfdf /x]sf
lxdfn / d7dlGb/x?n] ljsf;sf] csf{] ;Defagf t af]s]sf
5g\ t/ r'gf}ltx? klg ;fdfGo 5}gg\ .
!=clklxdfn &!#@ ld6/ -3'iff_ , Aof“;lxdfn ^&&) ld6/ ,
gfDkf ^&%$ ld6/ -Aof;_, cflb .
@= ;'/df;/f]a/ tfn -v08]Zj/L_,lnk'n]s %))) ld6/
#= wfld{s u'kmf -v08]Zj/L_
$=dflnsfh{'g dlGb/,x'g}gfy dlGb/,l/7frf}kftf aGtf]nL
dlGb/,x'g}gfy hok'/ dlGb/,nfl6gfy dlGb/ nfl6gfy,
uf]s'n]Zjf/ lzjdlGb/,lzv/ 8f“8f,dflnsfh{'g,
%= af]xf]/Luf“p dxnsf] eUgfaz]if b]jn h:tf ko{6lso,
wfld{s, kf}/fl0fs dxTjsf :yfgx?sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf]
v08df o;lhNnfsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'Ug] s'/f lglZrt 5 .
ljsf;sf ;Defagfx? 5g\ t/ ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u
;lx7f“pdf gePsf sf/0fn] ;Defagfx? klg ;fdfGo ?kdf /xg
uPsf] kfO{g' of] lhNnfsf] dfq ;d:of xf]O{g .
@=!)= ;dy/ e"efu jf k|b]z
of] lhNnfdf ;fdfGotof ;dy/ e'efu 5}g eGg] ;f]rfO{ x'G5
t/ klg dxfsfnL rf}nfgL nufotsf gbL tyf vf]nfgfnfsf
cf;kf;sf e"efux? ;dy/ ?kdf /xg uPsf 5g\ h;sf] t'ngf
pkTosf;+u x'g'S5 t/ klg ;Da]bgzLn ?kdf /xg uPsf 5g\ .
pms" ,nfnL,bQ" ,uf]s'n]Zj/ ,lzv/,b]ynf,wfk,cflb ;ft
:yfg tyf uf=lj=;=x?df ;dy/ e"efu /xg uPsf] 5 hf]
pTkfbgsf] lx;fan] /fd|f] dflgG5g\ .
@=!!= kxf8L e'efu jf k|b]z
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] dWoefudf of] efu cal:yt /xg uPsf] 5 .

pRr;d:ynLsf] ?kdf /xg uPsf] of] e"efudf ;dy/ e"efudf
h:tf] pTkfbg eg] x'g ;Sb}g t/ cGosf] t'ngfdf eg]
pTkfbg x'G5 . z+s/k'/ ,eujtL, ;df{]nL, /fgLlzv/
,l/7frf}kftf, UjfgL, 8f“8fsf]6, lxlsnf h:tf uf=lj=;=x?
of] k|b]zdf kb{5g\ .
@=!@= n]sfnL e"efu jf k|b]{z
k|fs[lts?kdf ;'Gb/ t/ cfly{s?kdf k5f8L k/]sf] 7f“psf]

?kdf of] If]q /xg uPsf] 5 . lxdkftsf] ;dodf afx]s cGo
;dodf klg lxdkft x'g] ePsfn] of] If]q al9 si6s/?kdf
/xg uPsf] 5 . ;'G;]/f, /fKnf, v08]Zj/L, 3';f, Oo/sf]6,
h:tf uf=lj=;x? o; If]qdf kb{5g\ .
@=!#= lxdfnL e"efu jf k|b]{z
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] pQ/sf] e"efu hf] rLgsf] ltAat;+u

hf]l8Psf] ?kdf /xg uPsf] 5 . aif{el/ g} lxpn] 9fs]sf]
e"efu ePsfn] oxfa;f]af; guGg] ?kdf x'G5 . udL{sf]
;dodf a;f]af; x'g ;Sg] / lxpbsf] ;dodf vn+uflt/x'“b}
cGo 7f“px?df ;g{] k/Dk/f /xg uPsf] 5 . Aof;
uf=lj=;=o;sf] d'Vo pbf/0f xf] .
@=!$=jgh+un
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf kf“rlsl;dsf jgx? kfO{G5 . sf]0fwf/L

jg, xf8{p8 jg,ldl>t jg, emf8L a'6\ofg / cGo /x]sf 5g\
. bfr{'nf lhNnfdf &@(*@=# x]S6/ jgh+un 5 h;dWo
;fd'bfoLs jg #&@!=&! x]= pkef]Stf ;ldnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
ul/;lsPsf] 5 . cfo=l;=cfO=Pd=cf]l8 !((& sf cg';f/
jgh+ndf cfl>t hg;+Vof @&=% k|lt;t /xg uPsf] 5 .
@=!%= bfr{'nf lhNnfdf kfO{g] ag:kltx?
b]abf/,af“h,;Nnf],;fn,6'0fL,pQL;,l;dn,lrp/L,nfnLu'/f“;
,af“;,sf]O{/fn,;fh,;fbg,w'O{of], df}g]7L, k}+of},
hfd'g, h:tf ag:klt kfO{g'n] of] If]q ljz]if?kdf /xg
uPsf] b]vfkb{5 . lxdfnL efudf kfO{g] b]lv t/fO r'/]
dxfef/t / lxdfnL efu ;a}7f“pdf kfOg] af]6lj?jfx? oxf
kfpg ;lsG5 .
@=!^= bfr{'nfdf kfOg] hl8a'l6x?
of;f{u'Daf, kf“rcf}n], emofp, e'ts]z, ef]hkq, Eofs'/,

bfnlrgL, l6d'/, kfif0fb]j, kbdrfn, bf?xNbL,
ltt]kftL,nf] 7;Nnf, u"RrLRofp, s'ds'd, l;sfsf“O,
;t'jf, ;]tslrgL, s'6sL, sfkmnaf]sf|, w'lkkft, t]hkft /
l/7f h:tf hl8a'6Lx?n] o;sf] dxTjnfO{ yklj:tf/ u/]sf]
kfpg ;lsG5 t/ o;sf] Aoa:yfkg /fd|f] x'g ;ls/x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5}g .
efu # -ltg_ M hg;+Vof
#=! cfwf/e"t hg;f+lVos ljz]iftf
ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf] k|d"v ;"rssf] ?kdf
hg;+Vofsf] ;dfh ljsf;sf nfuL dxTjk"0f{ e"dLsf
/x]s]f x'G5 . b]z leq pknAw k|fs[lts tyf s[lqd
>f]t / ;fwgsf] ljj]s / j'4Ldtfk"0f{ tj/n]
pkof]u u/L ljsf;sf] ultdf ltj|tf lbg dfgj
k"++hLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lgis[o >f]t ;fwgx?sf]
kl/rfng / s"zn bIf hgzlQmsf] lgdf0ffy{
hg;+VofnfO{ Pp6f cfwf/ :tDesf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
k|lt JolQm cfo cf}ift, cfo', hg;+Vof j[l4b/ /
dft[ tyf jfn d[To'b/ ;fIf/tf tyf hg:t/ h:tf
dfgjLo ;"rsf+sx?sf] pkl:yltdf s'g} klg b]zsf]
cfyL{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] cj:yf cf°ng ug{
;lsG5 .
b]zleq pknAw dfgjLo ;fwgsf] kl/rfng ug]{ /
o;sf] ;dof]lrt tyf ;d"lrt ljsf; ug{sf nflu
ljutdf lhNnfleq :ki6 ;f]r tyf bL3{sfnLg gLlt
th'{df gul/Psf] xf]O{g . tyfkL, k|ltj4tfsf ;fy
sfo{qmd ;+rfng / o;df hgtfsf] ;dof]lrt
;xeflutfsf] cefjsf sf/0f o;df ;sf/fTds pknlJw
xfl;n eg] x'g g;s]sf] cjZyf 5 . xfjfkfgLsf]
leGgtf, oftfoft, Jofkf/, pBf]u, k"jf{wf/ / cGo
If]]qsf] ;dof]lrt ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ x'g g;Sg'sf
;fy} dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ljsf;sf nflu k[ys
k|of;x?sf] cefjsf sf/0f oxf+sf] dfgjLo
;+zfwgsf] ;d'rLt pkof]u x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
Jojl:yt :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;+rf/ cflb ;'ljwfx?sf]
cefj h:tf ;d:ofx?n] s'g} klg JolQmsf] cfyL{s
l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfpgf;fy zx/L If]qdf j;fO{ ;g{]
k|rngn] oxfsf]] dfgjLo ;+zfwg lgis[o cj:yfdf
/x]sf] k|tLt xG5 . oBkL, kl5Nnf ;dox?df o;
lhNnfdf ;'? ePsf s]xL ljsf; sfo{x?n] dfgjLo
;+zfwgsf] If]qdf cfznfUbf] l:ylt b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
@)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof
@,^$,($,%)$ 5 eg] bfr'{nf lhNnfsf] hDdf hg;+Vof
!,##,@&$ /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] dlxnf ^(,^^( cyf{t -
%@=@* k|ltzt_ / k'?ifsf] ^#,^)% cyf{t -$&=&#
k|ltzt_ 5 . hDdf kl/jf/ ;+Vof @$,^!* 3/w'/L_ /
hg3gTj %& /x]sf] 5 . hg;+Vof a[l4b/ !=*! k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . @)^* sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ o; lhNnfsf]
hftLo hg;+Vofsf] cg'kft x]bf{ ;a}eGbf al9 If]qL
^) k|ltzt, afx'g !*=% k|ltzt, blnt !!=% k|ltzt,
7s'/L ^=% k|ltzt, Jof;L )=( k|ltzt tyf cGo @=#
k|ltzt /x]sf 5g .
#=@=hg;+Vof ljj/0f
lgis[o >f]t ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng / s"zn bIf
hgzlQmsf] lgdf0ffy{ hg;+VofnfO{ Pp6f cfwf/
:tDesf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . bfr{'nf lhNnfdf hDdf
3/w'l/ ;+Vof @$^!*,hDdf hg;+Vof !##@&$,dlxnfsf]
;+Vof ^(^^( k'?ifsf] ;+Vof ^#^)%, If]qkmn
@#@@ ju{ ls=ld,cf}ift 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof %=$!, n}l∙s
cg'kft (!=#,hg3gTj %&,Ps AolQm ePsf] 3/
!)(%,b'O{hgf ePsf] !&*!,ltghgf ePsf]
@#*(,rf/hgfsf] kl/jf/ #&%@,kf“rhgf ePsf] kl/jf/
$$*%,5hgf ePsf] kl/jf/ $@)^,;fthgfsf] kl/jf/
@&(*,cf7hgfsf] kl/jf/ !&^* / gf}hgf / dflysf]
kl/jf/ @#$$ /xg'n] bfr{'nfdf ;+o'Qmkl/jf/sf]
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/x]sf 5g .
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)*= cGo !^ @% $!
hDdf ^*$^& ^$*)& !##@&$
#=@)=j;fO{;/fO{ tyf ultlzntf

cfly{s j[l4 tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df sdL x'g' tyf
gful/ssf] cfjZostf tyf cfsf+Iff ;dofg's"n a9\b}
hf“bf lhNnfdf a;fO{;/fO{sf] ult tLj| ePsf]
b]lvG5 . lhNnfdf a;fO{;/fO{ ;DaGwL 5'6\6} cWoog
cg';Gwfg ePsf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* sf]
;dodf cg'kl:yt hg;+VofnfO{ oxf“ a;fO{;/fO{
;DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsf !# df ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 .
tflnsf g= !&= j;fO{;/fO{ tyf ultlzntf
hDdf aflx/ aflx/ /x]sf] hg;+Vof
hg;+Vof 3/w'/L hDdf dlxnf k'?if gv'n]sf]
@$^)$ $^** ^*^$ %(%^ ()* ))
!)) k|lt;t
#=@!= wd{sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof
wd{sf] cfwf/df o; lhNnfdf ;a}eGbf a9L afx'Notf
lxGb'sf] hg;+Vof !#!&*@ wdf{jnDaLx?sf] 5 .
tTkZrft a'4 wdf{jnDaLx?sf] hg;+Vof !!^& hgf
/x]sf] 5 . k|s[lt wd{ dfGg]x?sf] hg;+Vof @)! 5
eg] To;}ul/ lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLx?sf] hg;+Vof &$
/xg uPsf] 5 eg] O{Znfd wdf{jnDaLx?sf] hg;+Vof
#! /x]sf] 5 . cGo wdf{jnDaLx? h:t} lzv, h}g,
ls/fF“t, k|s[lt, axfO{ cflbsf] ;+Vof # hgf
/x]sf] 5 .
#=@@=uf=lj=;=cg';f/
hg;+Vof uflj; cg';f/sf] hg;+Vofsf cfwf/df
;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof -clk gu/kflnsf_ / ;a}eGbf
sd !!*& /Knfdf uflj;sf] /x]sf] 5 . xfn}
3f]if0ff ePsf] gu/kflnsfdf eg] hg;+Vofsf] n}l∙s
cg'kft (!=#) /x]sf] 5 eg] ;a}eGbf sd bQ'df 5 .
#=@#=:jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f
bfr'{nf lhNnfdf @)^(.)&) ;j]{If0f cg';f/ ! j6f
lhNNff c:ktfn, :jf:Yorf}sL !! j6f, ufp3/ lSnlgs
!! j6f, cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno ! j6f, k|fylds
:jf:Yo s]Gb| ! j6f, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL @^ j6f tyf
vf]k lSnlgs !%( j6f /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf g= !*=cfdfsf] pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ d[t[x'g]
afnaflnsfx?sf] ljj/0f
cfdfsf] hDdf cfdfsf] pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ d[t[x'g]
d'Vo afnaflnsfx?
k]zf
!%—!( @)—@$ @%—@( #)—#$ #%—#( $)—$$ $%—$(
hDdf ^@&( %@ #%) %%* *&% !#@& !%*! !%#^

d[t[
x'g]sf]
cfdL{ )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
d]g]h/ )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
Aoa;flos !^ )) )* )) )) )* )) ))
k|fljlws )* )) )) )) )) )* )) ))
;xfos
Aoa;flos
sfof{no @# )) )) )* )) )) )) !%
;xof]lu
;]jf / %% )) )) )* )) !^ !^ !%
ljlqst{f
snfo'Qm %#@( %@ @*% $$! &!) !!&* !#$& !#!^

s[lif jg
/ dfemL
snf / &) )) )) )* )) )) @$ #*
d]l;g
ck/]6/
lj?jf )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
d]l;g
ck/]6/
k|fylds ^%^ )) ## &% !#$ !)@ !^! !%!

k]zf
yfxfgePs !@! )) @$ !& #@ !^ #@ ))

f]
;|f]t M /fli6«o
hgu0fgf @)^*
dflysf] tflnsf cg';f/ s[lif Aoa;fo,jg / dfemL dlxnfsf
afnaflnsfx? al9 /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 eg] cGo k]zfdf /x]sf
cfdfx?sf aRrfalRrx? sd d[t[ ePsf] b]lvG5
tflnsf g= !(= cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmo cfdfx?af6 ljut Ps

aif{df lhljt hGdg] afnaflnsfx?
cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmo hDdf lglZrt pd]/ ;d'xsf cfdfx?af6 ljut
gx'g]sf/0fx? Ps aif{df lhljt hGd lng]
aRrfaRrLx?
!%— @)— @%— #)— #%— $)— $%—

!( @$ @( #$ #( $$ $(
hDdf %%& !!* @)$ !!& *& @$ )* ))
cWoog !#@ %@ %& )) !^ )* )) ))
3/sf] sfd #^* ^^ !#) !)) $& !^ )* ))
cfDbfgL÷;]jflga[t )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
czQm )* )) )) )* )) )) )) ))
ljdf/L )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
cGo )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))
yfxfgePsf] $* )) !^ )* @$ )) )) ))
;|f]t M
/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
#=@$=ef}lts ljj/0f
3/sf] :jfldTjsf] k|sf/x?
hDdf 3/ ;+Vof @$^)$ h;dWo :jodsf 3/x?sf] ;+Vof @#!&%
ef8fdf !)&) ;:yfut !&( / cGo !*) /xg uPsf] 5 .
3/sf] k|sf/ / agfj6

df6f] 9∙ / O§fsf] 3/ ;+Vof @!*(*, l;d]G6sf] hf]8fO{
ePsf] 3/ @!!@, lkn/jfnf 3/ ^$, cGo %* / ljj/0f
gv'n]sf] !@^ u/]/ hDdf @$^)$ /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g=@)=vfgf ksfpg] O{Gwgsf] ;|f]tx?

3/w' vfgf ksfpg] O{Gwgsf d'Vo
/L >f]tx?sf] ljj/0f
;+Vo bfp dl§t Uof uf]a/u' afof]Uo ljw cG gv'n]s
f /f ]n ; O7f f; 't o f]
alQ
@$^) @@* ^$! *!( )) !)! )% ^# *%
$ ()
@$^)
$
;|f]t M /fli6«o
hgu0fgf @)^*
#=@%=alQsf ;|f]tx?
tflnsf g= @!= alQsf ;|f]tx?sf] ljj/0f
3/w'/ alQsf] O{Gwgsf d'Vo
L >f]tx?sf] ljj/0f
;+Vof
ljw' dl§t] afof]Uo uf]a/Uo ;f]n cGo gv'n]sf
t n f; f; / ]
@$^)$ ^^#! *!(& !) )) *!#& !%$ *@

&
@$^)$ ^^#! *!(& !) )) *!#& !%$ *@

&
;|f]t M
efu $ -rf/_ M cfly{s cj:yf
$=! lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfut :j?
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf n]s / 8f“8fsf“8f lt/ ef]6] -
;f}sf_, If]qL, wfdL, n'xf/, ;fsL{ hftLsf]
a;f]af; 5 eg] dxfsfnL tyf rf}nfgL gbLsf
kmf6x?sf] pa{/fIf]qdf afx'g / 7s'/L hftLsf]
a;f]af; /x]sf] 5. @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/
g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof @,^$,($,%)$ 5 eg] bfr'{nf
lhNnfsf] hDdf hg;+Vof !,##,@&$ /x]sf] 5 .
h;dWo] dlxnf ^(,^^( cyf{t -%@=@* k|ltzt_ /
k'?ifsf] ^#,^)% cyf{t -$&=&# k|ltzt_ 5 . hDdf
kl/jf/ ;+Vof @$,^!* 3/w'/L_ / hg3gTj %& /x]sf]
5 . hg;+Vof a[l4b/ !=*! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . @)^*
sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ o; lhNnfsf] hftLo hg;+Vofsf]
cg'kft x]bf{ ;a}eGbf al9 If]qL ^) k|ltzt, afx'g
!*=% k|ltzt, blnt !!=% k|ltzt, 7s'/L ^=%
k|ltzt, Jof;L )=( k|ltzt tyf cGo @=# k|ltzt
/x]sf 5g .
$=@ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf /f]huf/Lsf]
d'n;|f]t eg]sf] s[lif g} xf] h;n] s'n
/f]huf/Lsf] *(=() k|ltzt cf]u6]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf]
k]zfsf] bf]>f] >]0fLdf /x]sf] /f]huf/Lsf]
d'n;|f]t Hofnf dhb'/Ldf -#=&& k|ltzt_ xf] .
a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu al9 hg;+Vof ef/tlt/
:yfO{ / c:yfO{ sfd ug{ cfslif{t ePsf] b]lvG5 .
$=#=d'Vo pTkfbg s[lif ks]6 If]qx?sf] ljj/0f
t/sf/L vfBfGgafnL / kmnkm"nsf nflu s]lx ks]6
If]qx? ks]6 uf]s'n]Zj/,bQ', wfk, nl6gfy,5fk/L,
z+s/k'/ v08]Zj/L, 3';f, Jof; , l;t]fnf, ;'g;]/f
dflnsfh'{g, x'g}gfy, l/7frf}kftf, af]x/Lufp h:tf
If]qx?df t'ngfTds ljz]if pTkfbg x'G5 .
tflnsf g= @@= d'Vo pTkfbg s[lif ks]6 If]qx?sf]

ljj/0f
l;=g= d'Vo ks]6 :yfg pTkfbg
If]qx? -d]=6=_
)!= t/sf/L ks]6 uf]s'n]Zj/,bQ', !))*)

wfk, nl6gfy,5fk/L,
z+s/k'/
)@= cfn' ks]6 vf/ , sf6} %@)
)#= cb'jf eujtL , z+s/k'/ !$)
)$= vfBfGg uf]s'n]Zj/,nfnL, #%)

aflnljsf; wfk,ps', u'Nh/,vn+uf,
z+s/k'/
)%= ;'Gtnf ljsf; ks]6 wfk, x'tL !%%
)%= lxpb] kmnkm"n v08]Zj/L, 3';f, Jof; @%

, l;t]fnf, ;'g;]/f
)^= cf]v/ dflnsfh'{g, x'g}gfy, !@

l/7frf}kftf, af]x/Lufp
)&= df}/Lkfng z]/L, tkf]jg, eujtL !&
)*= bfnafnL dflnsfh'{g, UjfgL , !^

/fKnf
>f]t M lh=s[=lj=sf=@)&).&!
$=$= cfly{s ?kn] pRr ljkGgtf ePsf :yfgx?sf]
ljj/0f M–
;g\ @)!$ sf] dfgj ljsf; ;'rsf+s cg';f/ aflif{s
?=@!!^*.– ;Dd k|ltJolQm cfo ePsf] kl/af/ n3'
pBd ljsf; df]8]nsf] lx;fan] ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg
kb{5 . n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf
nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8kf_ sf] nlIft
ju{ o:tf ul/a kl/jf/leq dfq kb{5 . nlIft au{
cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, hghftL, a]/f]huf/
o'jfx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf pRr k|fyldstf lbOG5 . @)^*
;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ bfr'{nf lhNnfsf] hDdf
hg;+Vof !,##,@&$ hgf /x]sf] 5 eg] bfr'{nfdf pRr
ljkGgtf ePsf :yfgx? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .
h'g uflj;x? n3' pBd ljsf; df]8]n ;~rfngsf] nflu
cfjZos b]lvG5g\ .
tflnsf g= @#=cfly{s ?kn] pRr ljkGgtf ePsf
:yfgx?sf] ljj/0f M
pRr ljkGgtf ePsf uflj;x? tyf g=kf -@)^*sf] hgu0fgf
cg';f/ / cf7 j6f ;'rsf+ssf] cfwf/df
gfd hDdf3/kl/jf/ blnt hghflt cGo hDdf

;+Vof
!=x'tL $^$ %&* @) !((^ @%($
@=wf}nfsf]6 $^( !^ )) @%%& @%&#
#=wfk- *(^ &#& )) $!^( $()^

xfngkf_
$=ps" &@! !#@) )) @@%@ #%&@
%=/fgLlzv/ $#* !$ )) @%#& @%%!
^=8f“8fsf]6 #^% ^!( )) !@** !()&
&=u'Nh/ ^%& $@^ )) #*$^ $@&@

gfd hDdf3/kl/jf/ blnt hghflt cGo hDdf
;+Vof
*=tkf]jg $)% !)^ )) @!*& @@(#
hDdf $$!% #*!^ @) @)*#@ @$^^*
>f]t M lh=s[=lj=sf=@)&).&!
dflysf] tflnsfn] blnt / hghfltsf] t'ngfdf cGo
hfthfltx? ljkGg ePsf] s'/f b]vfPsf] 5 . cGodf
hfthfltx?df a|fDx0f If]qL nufotsf hfthftLx? /xg
uPsf 5g\ .
ljsf;sf ultljlwx?n] blnt / hghfltsf] ;+VofnfO{
eGbf cGo hfthfltsf] ;+vofnfO{ yk dxTj lbg' kg{]
b]lvG5 . ;dosf] kl/j]z / bfr{'nfsf] ;fdflhs /
cfly{s ca:yfsf] km/s vfnsf] l:ylt b]vf k/]sf] 5
.
$=%= lhNnfsf] cfly{s ultljlw / ahf/ ;Gt'ng
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no bfr'{nfsf] j8f:t/Lo
;j]{If0f @)&) cg';f/ s[lif Joj;fo g} cfwf/e"t
Joj;fosf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{nosf] @)^(÷&) sf] tYof° cg';f/ *(=()
k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf lge{/ 5g\ . lhNnfsf] k|d'v
cGgafnL pTkfbgdf ds} xf] eg] bf]>f]df ux'“,
t]>f]df wfg, rf}yf]df sf]bf] kb{5 . k|d'v
gub]afnLdf cb'jf, tf]/L / e6df; x'g\ . lhNnfsf]
hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf vfBfGgsf] pTkfbg ck'u eO{
#,@%$ d]=6= vfBfGg aflx/af6 cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ^
dlxgf;Dd cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] vfgk'Ug] kl/jf/ $!
k|ltzt, # dlxgfdfq vfgk'Ug] kl/jf/ #@ k|ltzt 5
eg] ! aif{;Dd cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] vfgk'Ug] kl/jf/
@^ k|ltzt 5 k]zfsf] bf];|f] >]l0fdf /x]sf]
Hofnfdhb'/L #=&& k|ltzt 5 . t];|f]df gf]s/L
#=!! k|ltzt rf}yf] / kfFrf}Fdf qmdz Jofkf/ /
3/]n' pBf]u b'j}df @=*@ k|ltzt 5 . kmnkm"n, dx
/ t/sf/L pTkfbgdf Joj;flos/0f x'g z'? ePtfklg
k"0f{ Joj;flostfdf n}hfg afFsL 5 . kz'kfngsf]
k|z:t;Defjgf af]s]sf] o; lhNnfdf s[lif, kz' /
jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf]ux?sf] ;+efjgf k|r"/ 5 eg] ;+rf/ ;]jf / cGo
;fgf Joj;fosf] ;+efjgf klg plQs} 5 .
sRrfkbfy{sf] ?kdf kfOg] jgk}bfjf/ tyf
hl8a'6Lx?sf] pknAwtfn] klg n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf]ux?sf] ;+efagfnfO{ cem bl/nf] agfPsf] 5 .
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt bfr'{nfsf]
@)&! c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] tYof°cg';f/ lhNnfdf #&(
j6f 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux? btf{ /x]sf 5g\ . otf
lgof{tdf 7'nf] c;Gt'ng 5 / cfofltt ;fdfgx?n]
ahf/ cf]u6]sf] 5 . vfBfGg dfq #@%$ d]=6= cfoft
ePsf] b]lvG5 . cGo b}lgs pkef]usf ;fdfg nQf
sk8f, g'gt]n, ;fj'g, lrgL, rfprfp, lgdf{0f
;fdfu|Lx?, la:s'6 / cf}ifwL nufotsf ;fdfgx? vf;
u/L dx]Gb|gu/, wgu9L, sf7df08f} / ef/tsf] -
lkyf}/fu9, 6gsk'/, a/]nL, xN4fgL, lbNnL cflb _
;d]taf6 cfoft u/LG5 eg] h8La'6L, kmnkm"n,
t/sf/L, dx, cb'jf, a];f/, un}rf, pgL/f8LkfvL,
cNnf]sf] tof/L kf]zfs, d}gjlQ, cu/jlQ, Wo",
e6df;, l/7f, cfn', lrp/L t]n, cfdnf / tf]/L
h:tf pTkfbgdf lhNnf s/La cfTdlge{/ 5 . oL
pTkfbgx? lhNnfsf k|d'v ahf/x?df laqmL x'g'sf
;fy} lhNnfaf6 aflx/ lgof{t klg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] @)&)÷&! sf] tYof°
cg';f/ lgof{t x'g] ;fdu|Lsf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
tflnsf g= @$=cfly{s ultljlwdf of]ubfg / kl/0ffd
qm=;= kl/0ffd - ahf/If]qx?
ljj/0f d]=6g_
)!= e6df; %!*=& g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

ef/tsf] l;dfjlt{ ahf/
)@= ;'Gtnf !$!^ clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)#= t/sf/L !))*) clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)$= cb'jf !)%) clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

ef/tsf] l;dfjlt{ ahf
)%= dx !& clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)^= cfdnf !% clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)&= l3p !^ clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)*= ;fHdf ^&=^ clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

)(= l;ld $=% l;dL $=% clk

g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,
!)= df; !&!=% clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

!!= uxt !!@=% clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,
!@= pv' !&^) clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

!#= cfn' &%#% clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

!$= s]/f &!# clk g=kf=,uf]s'n]Zj/,

>f]t M lh=s[=lj=sf=@)&).&!
$=^= lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu / pBd
ljsf;df nufgL ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf
lhNNff s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt , lhNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{no
tyf lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tYof°x?sf]
ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df pBd ljsf;sf nflu lhNnfsf
cfDbfgLsf ;|f]tx? b]xfo /x]sf 5g\ .
s_ jg k}bfjf/af6 x'g] cfDbfgL
 hl8a'6Lx? h:t}M cNnf], s'/Lnf], sfpnf],
lrp/L, l/7f, l6d'/, bfnlrgL, cfdnf,
of;f{u'Daf, kfrcf}n], emofp, e'ts]z, ef]hkq,
Eofs'/, kfif0fj]b, bf?xNbL, ltt]kflt, u'RrL
Rofp, s'ds'd, l;sfsfO{, ;t'jf, s'6sL,
sfkmnaf]s|f, cf]v/af]s|f, w'lkkft, cn}rL,
c;'/f], c+u/L, agn;'g, enfdL, cf]v/, pGo',
OGb|]0fL, ah|bGtL, nf}7;Nnf, ugfgL ,
sfs'8l;uL, ss{nf], sf;, s6';, nfnu]8L, gLd,
k'lbgf, ;oklq, l;:g', uL7L, dlh7f], g'gl9sL,
t?n, e[u/fh, uhf]{, hfd'gL, l;nflht, Hjfgf],
3f]8tfk|], gfus]z/, ;lhjg, ;k{uGwf, l/7\7f,
lr/fOtf] tyf ;fd"bflos ag pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf]
;|f]tsf] ?kdf 3fF;sf aLp, hl8a'6L v]lt u/L
o;sf] lbuf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] .
 kmnkm"n h:t}M ;'Gtnf, sfutL, cDaf, sfkmn,
cfFk, df};dL, lnrL, skmL, gf:kftL ,k'nd,
cf]v/ cfbL .
 t/sf/L h:t}M d'nf, /fof] -aLp_ v';f{gL,

cb'jf, a];f/, sfpnL, ufh/, wlgof, sfs|f],
kml;{, eG6f, nf}sL, lttfs/]nf, 6df6/ nufot
df};dL tyf a]df};dL a:t'x? v_ kz'kfngM
Joj;foLs ?kdf ufO{, e}F;L, afv|f, s'v'/f,
df5f, a+u'/, rf}/LufO{, v/fof]
efu % - kf“r_ M ;fdflhs

cj:yf
%=! lzIff tyf dfgj ljsf;
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf lzIffsf] Hof]tL cgf}krfl/s
tj/n] /f0ffsflng ;dodf ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] lyPg
P]ltxfl;s tYox?n] af]n]sf 5}gg\ . cfw'lgs
sfnsf] ;'?jft;+u} o;sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg k'Ug
uPsf] cg'dfg x'G5 . cfw'lgs kl/j]zdf qmlds ?kdf
lhNnfsf cGoq :yfgx?df ;/sf/L tyf lglh If]qsf]
;xof]udf ljBfnox? qmdz ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5g
eGg] egfO{x? kfpg l;sG5 . lzIff / dfgj
;+zfwgsf] ljsf; ;fdflhs ljsf;sf cfwf/:tDex?
ePsf] tyf oL b'O{ ljifo Pscfk;df cGt/;DalGwt
ePsf x'“bf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf
nflu lzIff tyf dfgj ;+zfwgnfO{ ;fdflhs ljsf;
If]qsf] Ps pkIf]qsf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . ;du|df o;
lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf] l:ylt a'´\g tnsf]
ljj/0fn] ;xof]u ug]{5 .
%=@= lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljj/0f
lzIffsf] xsdf lhNnfdf afn ljsf; s]Gb|, k'j{
k|f=lj=, kf|=lj, lg=df=lj, df=lj= pRr df=lj /
SofDk; u/L ^#^ j6f lzIf0f ;+:yfx? 5g\ . lhNnfsf
k|fo ;a} a:tLx?nfO{ lzIff;]jfsf] ;]jfsf] kx"“r
k'u]sf] 5 t/ ef}uf]lns :yfgljz]ifsf] sf/0fn]
t'ngfTd z}lIfs ljsf; sdhf]/ ca:yfdf /xg uPsf]
b]lvG5 . l5d]sL b]z ef/tsf] k|efa / s]lx
;'ljwfsf] sf/0fn] x'Dnf d'u'sf] t'ngfdf s]lx
;xhtf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
lhNnfsf] s'n ;fIf/tfb/ $#=@^ k|ltzt 5 eg]
k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf %&=!& k|ltzt / dlxnfsf]
;fIf/tf @(=$& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o; bfr'{nf
lhNnfdf afnlasf; s]Gb| @!& j6f, k'j{ k|fylds
ljBfno $@ j6f, k|fylds ljBfno @#@ j6f, lgDg
dfWolds ljBfno ^$ j6f, dfWolds ljBfno %& j6f,
pRr dfWolds ljBfno @) j6f, :gfts SofDk; $,
ljBfno >f]t s]Gb| !* j6f, cgf}krfl/s k|f=lz=sf=
!% j6f / k|f=lzIff lj:tf/ % j6f /x]sf 5g\ .
k|fylds ljBfnodf 5fq5fqf u/L s'n #)!%$ ljBfyL{
/ lzIfs lzlIfsf !@%@, lgDg dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n
(%%@ hgf ljBfyL{ / lzIfs lzlIfsf #!% hgf,
dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n $(&! hgf ljBfyL{ / lzlIfs
lzlIfsf !(! hgf / pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n #!&)
hgf ljBfyL{ / lzlIfs lzlIfsf #* hgf /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf g= @%=z}lIfs :t/sf] ljj/0f
hDdf z}lIfs txk'/f u/]sf] hg;+Vofsf] cgf}k gv'
ljj/0f rfl/s n]s
f]
k"j{ k|f= lg df P;Pnl cf lj Pd c
=hDd k|f= lj= df lj ; ;f] OP P P G
f lj lj ;/x o
hDdf *)#@ $()* #^)# !^ ** ^)$$ $@ !# $@ ( !^#@ @&#

! ^ #^ () &@ *# ( !
#
dlxn $%^# @$#& !^&! ^^ #@ @!(( !^ #* %^ # !)!( !@(

f ) ^) *% $( ) (
k'?i $%&% @$&! !(#@ (& %^ #*$% @^ !) #& % ^!# !$$

f * ^ )# )% @# )# # @
;|f]t M
dflysf] tflnsf cg';f/ bfr'{nf lhNnfdf k"j{

k|f=lj=*)#@! k|f=lj= #^)#^ lg=df=lj=!^#^#
bzsIff **() P;Pn;L ^)$$ cfOP $@&@ ljP !#*# PdP
$@( cGo (! cgf}krfl/s lzIff !^#@ / z}lIfs
ljj/0f gv'n]sf] @&# hgf /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 .
lhNnfdf afnlasf; s]Gb| @!& j6f, k'j{ k|fylds
ljBfno $@ j6f, k|fylds ljBfno @#@ j6f, lgDg
dfWolds ljBfno ^$ j6f, dfWolds ljBfno %& j6f,
pRr dfWolds ljBfno @) j6f, :gfts SofDk; $,
ljBfno >f]t s]Gb| !* j6f, cgf}krfl/s k|f=lz=sf=
!% j6f / k|f=lzIff lj:tf/ % j6f /x]sf 5g\ .
k|fylds ljBfnodf 5fq5fqf u/L s'n #)!%$ ljBfyL{
/ lzIfs lzlIfsf !@%@, lgDg dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n
(%%@ hgf ljBfyL{ / lzIfs lzlIfsf #!% hgf,
dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n $(&! hgf ljBfyL{ / lzlIfs
lzlIfsf !(! hgf / pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf s'n #!&)
hgf ljBfyL{ / lzlIfs lzlIfsf #* hgf /x]sf 5g\ .
;g\ @)!$ sf] dfgj ljsf; ;'rsf+s cg';f/ aflif{s
?=@!!^*.– ;Dd k|ltJolQm cfo ePsf] kl/af/ n3'
pBd ljsf; df]8]nsf] lx;fan] ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg
kb{5 . n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf
nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8kf_ sf] nlIft
ju{ o:tf ul/a kl/jf/leq dfq kb{5 . nlIft au{
cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, hghftL, a]/f]huf/
o'jfx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf pRr k|fyldstf lbOG5 . @)^*
;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ bfr'{nf lhNnfsf] hDdf
hg;+Vof !,##,@&$ hgf /x]sf] 5 eg] bfr'{nfdf pRr
ljkGgtf ePsf :yfgx? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ .
h'g uflj;x? n3' pBd ljsf; df]8]n ;~rfngsf] nflu
cfjZos b]lvG5g\ .
tflnsf g= @^=kf“r jif{ eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf]

z}lIfs ljj/0f
kf“r aif{ hg;+Vofsf] z}lIfs ;fIf/tf ;fIf/tfb/
dflysf] ljj/0f gv'n]sf]
hg;+Vof
n]vk9ug{] k9gdfq k9g
;Sg] n]Vg
g;Sg]
hDdf !!&!%) &^%&# @&%! #&&*$ $@ ^%=#^
dlxnf ^!&#@ #@^$^ !%%^ @&%)^ @$ %@=**
k'?if %%$!* $#(@& !!(% !)@&* !* ^(=)*
;|f]t MlhNnf
lzIff sfof{no bfr'{nfsf] ;j]{If0f @)^(÷)&)
tflnsf g= @&= lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljj/0f

hDdf ljleGg z}lIfs txkf/ cgf txp
ug{]x? }kr Nn]
fl/ v
k|f/ k|f= lg=d df=l P;P cfO ljP PdP cGo
s geP
DeLs lj= f=lj j n;L P ;f] ;f]
sf]
= ;f] ;f] ;/x ;/x
-!— -(—
;/x ;/x
%_ -^— !)_
*_
b'j} *)#@! $()* #^)# !^^^ **() ^)$ $@& !#* $@( (! !^# @&#
hDdf ^ # $ @ # @
k'?if $%&%* @$&! !(#@ (&)# %^)% #*$ @%@ !)) #&# %@ ^!# !$$
^ % # #
dlxnf #$%^# @$#& !^&! ^^^) #@*% @!( !^$ #*) %^ #( !)! !@(
) ( ( (
;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
%=@ :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f

lhNnfdf :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf
lhNnf tyf cGo c:ktfn, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|,
:jf:Yo rf}sL tyf pk:jf:Yo rf}sLx? hg:t/df /f]u
nfUg" cl3sf] /f]syfdo"Qm, k|ltsf/fTds Pjd\
k|j4{gfTdseGbf klg pkrf/fTDfs ;]jfdf nflu /xg'
kg]{ l:ylt b]lvG5 . oL ;+:yfx?df txut ?kdf
cfjZos ef}lts ;fdfu|Lsf] cefj t Psflt/ 5+b}5
csf]{tkm{ cfjZos :jf:YosdL{x?sf] sdL /x]sf]
cj:yf 5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?nfO{ ef}lts pks/0f
;DkGg ug"{kg]{, cfjZos hgzlQmsf] cfk"lt{
ug"{kg]{, / hgzlQmnfO{ tflndk|fKt, bIf
agfpg'kg]{ vf“rf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof
:jf:YosdL{x?sf] cg'kft Hofb} Go"g /x]sf] 5 .
%=@=! :jf:Yo ;]jfsf nfuL ;+:yfut k|of;

of] If]qnfO{ j9L Jojl:yt /fVg / :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{
hg ;d'bfosf] 3/b}nf]df k'¥ofO{ hgtfx?nfO{
:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;r]t t'Nofpgsf nfuL o; lhNnfdf
lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{non] ;xhLs/0fsf] sfd
ul//x]sf] 5 . xfn o; sfof{nojf6 pknJw x'g]
;]jfx? lgDgfg";f/ /x]sf 5g .
!= vf]k ;]jf @= kf]if0f ;]jf #= :jf; k|:jf;
/f]u lgoGq0f $= emf8fkvfnf /f]u lgoGq0f %=
;'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmd ^= kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf
&= Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f *= s'i7/f]u lgoGq0f (=
cf}nf] /f]u lgoGq0f !)=Pr=cfO=le=P8\; /f]uyfd
!!=dlxnf:jf:Yo :jod ;]jLsf sfo{qmd !@=;'8]gL
sfo{qmd !#=b}lgs pkrf/ ;]jf cflb .
%=# vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO / 9n lgsf;
o; lhNnfdf vfg]kfgLsf k|d'v ;|f]tx?df k/Dk/fut ?kdf

lgdf{0f ul/Psf s'jf, wf/f tyf v'Nnf gbL / vf]nfx? cflb
;fj{hlgs vfg]kfgL ;|f]tx?af6 clwsfz+ hgtfn] vfg]kfgL
k|fKt ul//x]sf 5g\ . Jojl:yt tyf :jR5 vfg]kfgLdf kx'+r
ePsf] hg;+Vofsf] lx:;f sd ePsf] b]lvG5 . tyfkL,
;+:yfut k|of;:j?k vfg]kfgLsf] If]qdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf]
cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . r]tgfsf] sf/0f Ps 7f“pdf 5 eg]
csf{] 7f“pdf ul/jLsf] sf/0fn] klg bfr{'nfaf;L ;kmf
vfg] kfgLaf6 s]lx 6f9f/xg uPsf] b]lvG5 . ;+3;:yfx?sf]
k|ultljj/0f / hgtfsf] hLjg:t/sf] ljrdf 7"nf] cGt/ /xg
uPsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g= @*= vfg] kfgLsf d'Vo >f]tx?sf] ca:yf
3/w'/L vfg] kfgLsf d'Vo >f]tx?sf
;+Vof ljj/0f
kfokwf/f x]08kDk aGb v'nfs'jf cfsf; gbL cGo gv'n]sf

s'jf kfgL vf]nf
@$^)$ @)#@% )) !%* $@@ @)&% &$^ &(# *%
@$^)$ @)#@% )) !%* $@@ @)&% &$^ &(# *%
tflnsf g= @(=zf}rfnosf] k|of]usf] ca:yf /

ljj/0f
3/w'/L zf}rfnosf] ljj/0f
;+Vof
zf}rfno zf}rfno kmnz ;fdfGo ca:yf
gePsf ePsf zf}rfno zf}rfno gv'n]sf]
@$^)$ !#!)% !!$!# ($)$ @))( *^
!)) k|lt;t
tflnsf g=#)= ljleGg ;'lawf ePsf kl/jf/x?

hDdf s'g} s'g} ljleGg ;'lawf ePsf
3/w' ;'lj Ps kl/jf/x?
/L wf ;'lj /]l8 l6=le=÷ sDKo g] 6]lnkm df]af
gePs wf of] s]an "6/ 6 f]g On
f] ePsf
]
@$^) ^#!# !&*) !%^% !&$#÷(( @!^ &^ &($ (%%!
$ # # *
df]6 df]6/;f ;fOs cG lkm|h gv'n]
/ Osn n o sf]
!$ #^ ^# @% @)! $**
kf“rjif{d"lgsf afnaflnsfx? :jR5 vfg]kfgL / kmf]x/sf]

lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . cem 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;"Ts]/L cfdfx?,
j[4x? tyf czQmx? ;/;kmfO{sf] cefjs} sf/0fn] ubf{
/f]uaf6 u|l;t 5g\ . zf}rfnosf] cj:yf x]bf{ lhNnfsf s"n
3/w"/Lsf] ;+Vof !!$!# ;+u dfq :yfoL zf}rfno x'g' tyf
cfwf;+u c:yfoL zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf gePaf6 o; lhNnfsf]
;/;kmfO{sf] l:ylt sdhf]/ ePsf] :ki6 xG5 . clwsf+z
ljBfnox?df ;d]t zf}rfnosf] cefjsf sf/0f jftfj/0fLo
;/;kmfO{df k|lts"n c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . oBkL lhNnfdf
s]lx uflj;x?nfO{ v"nf bLzfd"Qm If]qsf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] 5 . o;jf6 ;DjlGwt uflj;sf ;tk|ltzt 3/w"/Lx?df
klSs tyf Jojl:yt zf}rfno lgdf{0f ul/ jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5
jgfpg] cleofgsf] ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . uflj; cg';f/
vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t / rkL{sf] k|of]usf] ljj/0f dfly
tflnsfdf lbO{Psf] 5 .
%=$ dlxnf, afnaflnsf / nlIft ju{

lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof !##@&$ sf] 7'nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf]
dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof (%*&( /xg uPsf] 5 .
ljsf;sf nflu ljz]ifu/L ltgLx?sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf
:jf:Yosf] l:ytLnfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ ;Ifd gful/ssf] ljsf;
ug]{ ;f]rnfO{ k|d"v k|fyldstfdf /fvL bfr{'nf lhNnfn]
ljleGg ultljlwx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L j9fPsf] 5 .
o;sf cnfjf, cfly{s If]qdf dlxnfx?sf] kx'+rnfO{ cuf8L
j9fpg b]xfo jdf]lhdsf ultljlwx? ;+rfngdf cfPsf]
b]lvG5 .
%=$=! dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s
cj:yf
o; lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] s|dnfO{ lgofNbf cGo lhNnfx? ;/xg}
oxf+ klg dlxnf / jfnjflnsfsf] cj:yf gfh's g} b]lvG5 .
sl/j sl/j, j/fj/ ;+Vofdf /x]sf dlxnf k'?ifsf]
tYof+snfO{ cfwf/ dfgL @)%^ ;fndf ! sIffb]lv % sIff ;Dd
cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] ;+VofnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;+Vofdf
vf;} km/s g/x]sf] dlxnf k'?ifsf] lzIff cfh{g ug]{
jfNoj:yfsf] cj;/df 7"nf] leGgtf b]lvG5 . kf“r sIff;Dd
cWoog/t jfns w]/} /x]sf b]lvG5g\ eg] jflnsf ;fdfGo dfq
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; tYof+s cg';f/ sIff % ;Dd cWoog ug]{
jfns jflnsf dWo] sl/j ^) k|lt;t jfns / $) k|lt;t
jflnsf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h'g k|ltztn] klg dlxnf /
k'?ifdf jfNoj:yf b]lvg} lje]b /x]sf] k'li6 ub{5 .
clwsf+z jfl;Gbf tyf lzlIft kl/jf/n] eg] 5f]/f,
5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ s'/f lj:tf/} dx;';
ug{ yfn]sf] kfOG5 . t/ klg o:tf hfgsf/ tyf cfly{s
x}l;ot ePsf cleefjsx?n] 5f]/fx?nfO{ lghL ljBfnodf
k7fpg] / 5f]/LnfO{ ;/sf/L ljBfnox?df k7fpg] u/]sf
y'k|} pbfx/0fx? cGo lhNnfdf h:t} o; lhNnfdf klg b]Vg
;lsG5 . o;f] ul/g'df cem} klg dlxnfx? k|ltsf]
dflg;x?sf] k/+k/fut b[li6sf]0f k"0f{?kdf xl6 g;s]sf]
kfOG5 . o; lhNnfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s
cj:yfnfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf k|Zt't ul/Psf] 5 .
efu ^ -5_ M ef}lts k"jf{wf/

^=! oftfoft
lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf; s[ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug{
oftfot Ps dxTjk'0f{ k'jf{wf/ xf] . ;8s oftfoft
g} o; lhNnfsf] d'Vo oftfoftsf] ;fwgx? x'g\ .
xjfO ;]jfsf] ;Defagf 5 t/ ;+rfngdf 5}g . o;
lhNnf l:yt clk gu/kflnsfdf Pp6f klg ljdfg:yn
/x]sf] 5}g eg] lhNnfsf ;j} uflj;x?df ;8s
oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf klg k'lu ;s]sf] 5}g . of]
lhNnfdf oftfftsf k|d"v ;fwgx?df ;8s oftfoft,
3f]/]6f], uf]/]6f] cfbL /x]sf 5g . k|d"v
;8sx?df klSs k"nx? tyf sNe6{ cfbLsf] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 eg] 3f8]]6f] tyf uf]/]6f] jf6f]x?df
emf]n"u]+ k"nsf] Joj:yf ePsf] kfO{G5 . oBkL oL
;j} ;fwgx? k|ofKt g/x]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .
;8s oftfoftsf] ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0fn] of] lhNnf
lgs} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf]5 . o; lhNnfdf xfn;Dd
lgld{t ls=ld= sfnf] kq] ;8s /x]sf] 5 . bfr{'nf
lhNnfdf ljBdfg ;8ssf] cj:yf lgDgfg";f/ b]lvG5 .
^=! oftfoft
lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf; s[ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ug{
oftfot Ps dxTjk'0f{ k'jf{wf/ xf] . xjfO{;]jf /
;8s oftfoft g} o; lhNnfsf] d'Vo oftfoftsf]
;fwgx? x'g\ t/ xfn xjfOoftfoft ;+rfngdf 5}g .
o; lhNnf l:yt uf]s'n]Zj/df Pp6f ljdfg:yn /x]sf]
5 eg] lhNnfsf ;j} uflj;x?df ;8s oftfoftsf]
;'ljwfsf] ;Defagf /x]sf] 5 . of] lhNnfdf
oftfftsf k|d"v ;fwgx?df xjfO{ oftfoft, ;8s
oftfoft, 3f]/]6f], uf]/]6f] cfbL /x]sf 5g .
k|d"v ;8sx?df klSs k"nx? tyf sNe6{ cfbLsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] 3f8]]6f] tyf uf]/]6f]
jf6f]x?df emf]n"u]+ k"nsf] Joj:yf ePsf] kfO{G5
. oBkL oL ;j} ;fwgx? k|ofKt g/x]sf] cj:yf
ljBdfg 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lhNnfsf] cfwf/e"t
;]jf ;'lawfdf vf;u/L &@ ls=dL= ;8sn]
bfr'{nfnfO{ a}t8Lsf] /fhdfu{;+u hf]8]sf] 5 .
lhNnfleq laleGg !(! ls=dL ;8s lgdf{0fflwg
cj:yfdf 5g\ . o; lhNnfdf #^ uflj; / !
gu/kflnsfdWo] !) uf=lj=;= / ! gu/kflnsfsf] #
uf=lj=;=df df]6/af6f] k'uL;s]sf] 5 . lzIffsf]
xsdf lhNnfdf afn ljsf; s]Gb|, k'j{ k|f=lj=,
kf|=lj, lg=df=lj, df=lj= pRr df=lj / SofDk; u/L
^#^ j6f lzIf0f ;+:yfx? 5g\ . lhNnfsf k|fo ;a}
a:tLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx"Fr k'u]sf] 5 .
bfr'{nf lhNnfdf @)^(.)&) ;j]{If0f cg';f/ ! j6f
lhNNff c:ktfn, :jf:Yorf}sL !! j6f, ufp3/ lSnlgs
!! j6f, cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno ! j6f, k|fylds
:jf:Yo s]Gb| ! j6f, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL @^ j6f tyf
vf]k lSnlgs !%( j6f /x]sf 5g\ . bfr'{nf
lhNnfdf ;b/d'sfddf %!@ j6f 6]lnkmf]g nfOg, le
;]6 lk=l;=cf]= !$ j6f, l;=l8=Pd=P= lk|k]8 *^)
j6f, :sfO{ kmf]g ;]jf ^&&! j6f, lh=P;=Pd= @^%&
j6f / ADSL ;]jf @# j6f ;d]tn] lhNnfsf ;a}
uf=lj=;=x?df ;lhn} ?kdf ;+rf/sf] ;]jf k'u]sf]n]
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u ePsf] 5 .
lhNnfdf ! j6f lhNNff x'nfs, !) j6f Onfsf x'nfs
/ #@ j6f cltl/Qm x'nfs ;]jfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
xjfO{oftfoftsf] lx;fadf bfr'{nf ;b/d'sfd
vn+ufaf6 &@ ls=dL=df /x]sf] ! dfq} uf]s'n]Zj/
ljdfg:yn xfn;Dd ;+rfngdf g/x]sf]n] cfslZds ;]jf
nufotsf cGo ;]jfx?af6 al~rt x'g' k/]sf] 5 .
wf/f, kfOkaf6 vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf ko|fu] ul//x]sf]
kl/af/ ;+Vof *@=^! k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . tL
kl/jf/x?n] pQmkfgL t/sf/L v]tL, kmnkm'n v]tL
tyf cGo Joj;fodf k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
vn+uf, 5fk/L / sf6} uflj;df bfr'{nf ljB't
k|f=ln=af6 ljB't ;]jf k|bfg eO/fv]sf] 5 eg]
bQ', wfk, x'tL uf=lj=;=x?df g]kfn ljB't
k|flws/0fn] ljB't ;]jf k|bfg ul//fv]sf] 5 . cGo
uf=lj=;=x?df lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=, ul/aL lgjf/0f
sf]if, phf{ ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cGo lgsfox?sf]
;xof]udf lgdf0f{ ePsf n3' hnljB't ;+rfng eO
uf=lj=;=x?df cGo Joj;fo ;+rfng ePsf 5g\
^=@ ef}lts of]hgf / cfjf;
o; lhNnfdf Pp6f gu/kflnsf /x]sf] 5 . h; dWo]
gu/kflnsf If]qleq ;/sf/L jgh+un 5}g eg]
gjlgld{t gu/kflnsfdf s]lx xb ;Dd jl:t ljsf;
of]hgf nfu' ePsf] 5 . ;"b'/klZrd ljsf; If]qsf]
?kdf /x]sf] of] gu/kflnsfx?df b]zsf cGo efu /
ljz]z ul/ kxf8L lhNnfx?af6 j;fO{ ;g]{x?sf]
;+Vof guGg] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] aflxl/g]sf] ;+Vof
t'ngfTds ?kdf cTolws /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cnfjf
lhNnfs} cGo If]qaf6 cfO{ j;f]jf; ug]{
dflg;x?sf] ;+Vofklg j9L /x]sf] 5}g . 9nsf]
;d'lrt Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . ePsf] 9n klg
cJojl:yt / v'nf x'g'sf] sf/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ zx/
b'u{Gwdo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . bL3{sflng ;f]r agfP/
;f] Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0fsf] nflu j]n}df of]hgf
agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf
b]lvG5 . gbLn] lbgk|ltlbg s6fg ul//x]sf] 5 .
dxfsfnLsf cf;kf;df /x]sf uf=lj=;=x? ;a}
hf]lvddf /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 .
^=# l;+rfO{ k|0ffnL
bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] clwsfz+ efu kxf8L / lxdfnL
If]qdf kg]{ ePsfn] oxf+sf] df6f]df pJhfpkgf
sld /x]sf] 5 . tyfkL, l;+rfOsf] ;+efJotfdf
Hofb} ljifdtfsf] l:ylt ljutsf jif{x?df /x+b}
cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd lgld{t l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfn] o;
If]qnfO{ l;+lrt u/]klg kxf8L If]qdf l;+rf{sf]
cBfkL ;d:of /x]sf] 5 . obL, oxf+ o; If]qdf ;d]t
e/kbf]{ l;+rfO{ ;"ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;s]df
lhNnfsf] s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 eO{ vfBfGgdf cfTd
lge{/ u/fpgsf nfuL Pp6f uxlsnf] sbd x"g ;Sg]
;Defagf b]lvG5 .
lhNNffsf] s"n If]qkmn !@=^* k|ltzt hldgdf dfq
v]lt of]Uo 5 . o; dWo] xfn ;Dd s]lx hldg dfq
l;+rfO{sf] nflu pko"Qm hldg dflgPs]f 5 . l;+lrt
If]q sf] ljsf; ug]{ qmddf :yflgo s[ifsjf6 ljsf;
ul/Psf :yfgLo s"nfx?sf] ;d]t klxrfg ul/Psf] 5
. ;/sf/L k|of;jf6 o; lhNnfdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / l;+rfO l8lehg
sfof{nojf6 ;d]t s]lx of]hgx? ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g
.
vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ gePsf] lhNnfs]f nflu
cfTdlge{/tfsf] jf6f]lt/ cuf8L j9\g l;+rfO{
ljsf;df plrt Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fdf s;}sf] b'Odt
5}g . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t ;+rflnt sltko
l;+rfO{ k|0ffnLx? k"0f{ Ifdtfdf rNg g;s]sf]
kl/k|]Ifodf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
s;/L ug]{ ;lsG5 eGg] kl§ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{
b]lVfG5 . of]hgfsf] bLuf]kgsf nflu of]hgf 5gf}6
ubf{ ef}u]lns jgfj6 Pj+ pkef]Qmfx?sf]
;lqmotfnfO{ ;d]t Vofn /fVg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
lhNnfdf l;+rfO{ ljsf;sf] nflu ;/sf/L k|of;
lg/Gt/ e}/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ cem 6]jf k"¥ofpg u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] k|of; klg plQs} ?kdf pT;fxjw{s
5 .
^=$ j}slNks phf{
o; lhNnfsf ;j} uflj;x?df ljh'nLsf] ;]jf
k'lu;s]sf] 5}g . 3/ kl/jf/ kl/jf/n] ljh'nL /
;f]n/sf] ;]jf pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cnfjf
o; lhNnfdf j}slNks phf{ ;DaGwL of]hgfx?sf]
ljj/0f tn tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
^=% ;"rgf, ;+rf/ / lj1fg k|ljlw
;dfhsf] x/]s If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfhsf]
;+;f/df ;+rf/ ;'ljwfn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
u/]sf] 5 . bfr{'nf lhNnf cGo lhNnfx?sf]
k|zf;lgs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs tyf
Jofkfl/s ;Dks{ ljGb'sf] ?kdf ljsl;t e}/x]sf]
5}g tf klg lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf] ?kdf cfa:ofs s]lx
k|ljlwsf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] 5 . ;+rf/ ;fwg
cGt/ut x'nfs, 6]lnkmf]g, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg /
kq–klqsf kb{5g\ .
x'nfs ;'ljwftkm{ o; lhNnfdf lhNnf x'nfs–!,
Onfsf x'nfs / cltl/Qm x'nfs /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L
gu/kflnsf tyf ;j} uflj;x?df 6]lnkmf]g ;'ljwf
pknJw /x]sf] ca:yfdf 5 . lhNnfsf] ;j} If]qdf
/]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;]jf k'u]sf] 5 . o;/L g} g]kfn
6]lnlehgsf] ;]jf klg k|foM lhNnfsf] ;j} If]qdf
k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfn 6]lnlehgnfO{ e"–pku|x;+u
;Dks{ ul/Psf]n] lhNnfsf ;j} 7fp+af6 k|i6;+u
6]lnlehg x]g{ ;lsg] 5 . o;sf cnfjf lhNnfdf
;+rflnt Pkm od /]l8of ;le{; ;+rf/ sfo{df ;xof]u
u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf] cnfjf Od]n, OG6/g]6,
km\ofS;sf] ;'ljwf klg o; lhNnfdf pknJw 5 .
^=^ j:tL ljsf; / zx/Ls/0f pGd'v
s[lif ljsf; sfof{no tyf lhNnf jg sfof{nosf]
tYof° cg';f/ lhNnfsf] s'n @,#@,(%(=%( x]S6/
e'efudWo] v]ltof]Uo hldg @(,%$$ x]S6/ -!@=^*
k|ltzt_ 5 eg] hDdf @@,*@% x]S6/ -(=* k|ltzt_ df
dfq} v]lt ePsf] 5 eg] l;+lrtIf]q hDdf &,)(*
x]S6/ -#! k|ltzt_ dfq 5 . lhNnfsf] afFsL efudf
jg h∙n &$,%&$=( x]S6/ -#@=)! k|ltzt_ 5 eg] le/
kx/f !,!*,@&%=%( x]S6/ -%)=&& k|ltzt_ /
vf]nfgfnf tyf cGoefu !)%^$=@ x]S6/ -$=%#
k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . j8f:tl/o ;j]{If0f @)&)
cg';f/ lhNnfsf !! j6f Onfsfdf @$,^!* 3/w'/L -
kl/jf/;+Vof_ 5g\ / lgDg cg';f/sf ahf/s]Gb|x?
zx/f]Gd'v ePsf] kfOG5 . vn+uf, ef8L, gf}kGof/,
;'g;]/f, sf6}, bNn]v, vf/, xf]k/L, uf]u'g],
v]8f, l;K6L, nl6gfy, uf]s'n]Zj/, n'O6f, auf}/f,
dflnsfh'{g, kg]afh, P]l/5fgf, z+s/k'/, ef8L,
d]nv]t, e/tf]nf, bQ', yfnLuf8, rf}kftf, v/s8f,
nfnL, ps', hf}nhLjL cflb .
efu & -;ft_ M lhNnfsf] jftfj/0fLo

cj:yf
&=! jg Joj:yfkg ;DalGw ljj/0f
jgh+un
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf kf“rlsl;dsf jgx? kfO{G5 .
sf]0fwf/L jg, xf8{p8 jg,ldl>t jg, emf8L a'6\ofg
/ cGo /x]sf 5g\ . bfr{'nf lhNnfdf &@(*@=# x]S6/
jgh+un 5 h;dWo ;fd'bfoLs jg #&@!=&! x]=
pkef]Stf ;ldnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
cfo=l;=cfO=Pd=cf]l8 !((& sf cg';f/ jgh+ndf
cfl>t hg;+Vof @&=% k|lt;t /xg uPsf] 5 .
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf kfO{g] ag:kltx?
b]abf/,af“h,;Nnf],;fn,6'0fL,pQL;, l;dn, lrp/L,
nfnLu'/f“;, af“;, sf]O{/fn, ;fh, ;fbg, w'O{of],
df}g]7L, k}+of},hfd'g, h:tf ag:klt kfO{g'n] of]
If]q ljz]if?kdf /xg uPsf] b]vfkb{5 . lxdfnL
efudf kfO{g] b]lv t/fO r'/] dxfef/t / lxdfnL
efu ;a}7f“pdf kfOg] af]6lj?jfx? oxf kfpg ;lsG5
.
bfr{'nfdf kfOg] hl8a'l6x?
of;f{u'Daf,kf“rcf}n],emofp,e'ts]z,ef]hkq,Eofs'/
,bfnlrgL,l6d'/,kfif0fb]j,kbdrfn, bf?xNbL,
ltt]kftL, ;Nnf], nf]7;Nnf,u"RrLRofp,
s'ds'd,l;sfsf“O, ;t'jf,;]tslrgL,
s'6sL,sfkmnaf]sf|,w'lkkft, t]hkft / l/7f h:tf
hl8a'6Lx?n] o;sf] dxTjnfO{ yklj:tf/ u/]sf] kfpg
;lsG5 t/ o;sf] Aoa:yfkg /fd|f] x'g ;ls/x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5}g .
&=@ e" Jo:yfkg / ;+j]bglzntf
e" pkof]u / ;+j]bgzLntfsf] ca:yfsf] ljj/0f
pNn]v ubf{ oxfsf] v]lt of]Uo hldgsf] ca:yf g}
dxtjk"0f{ ?kdf /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfsf]
jgfj6 klZrddf ef/tsf] l;dfgfaf6 ;'? eO{ pQ/df
lxdfn kxf8;Dd km}lnPsf] x'+bf of] w/ftlno
:j?kklg blIf0faf6 qmdz pQ/lt/ p7\b} uPsf]
lxdfnL efu 5 . lxdfnL efudf /x]sf] hldg ;+/If0f
ug{' kg{] ca:yf 5 . o:tf] lsl;dsf] gLlt g]kfndf
cBfkL k|of]udf gcfO{ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf
k/Dk/fb]lv g} cEof; ub}{ cfPsf] cfwf/df o;
lhNnfsf] e"–efunfO{ @ j6f ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf]
kfOG5 .
-s_ v]tL ug{ ;lsg] hldg @(,%$$ x]S6/ -!@=^*
k|ltzt_
-v_ v]tL ug{ g;lsg] hldg @)#$!=x]S6/ -*&=#@
k|lt;t_
o; lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ hldgsf] slt slt k|ltzt s'g
>]0fLdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] Plsgsf ;fy
ljZ]if0f ul/Psf tYofs+x? pknJw x'g g;s]sf]
cjZyf 5 . lhNnfsf] s'n @,#@,(%(=%( x]S6/
e'efudWo] v]ltof]Uo hldg @(,%$$ x]S6/ -!@=^*
k|ltzt_ 5 eg] hDdf @@,*@% x]S6/ -(=* k|ltzt_ df
dfq} v]lt ePsf] 5 eg] l;+lrtIf]q hDdf &,)(*
x]S6/ -#! k|ltzt_ dfq 5 . lhNnfsf] af“sL efudf
jg h∙n &$,%&$=( x]S6/ -#@=)! k|ltzt_ 5 eg] le/
kx/f !,!*,@&%=%( x]S6/ -%)=&& k|ltzt_ /
vf]nfgfnf tyf cGoefu !)%^$=@ x]S6/ -$=%#
k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+ #!M lhNnfsf] e" pkof]usf] ljj/0f
qm=;= e"pkof]usf] If]qkmn- k|lt;t

ljj/0f x]S6/df_
)!= s'n e"efu @,#@,(%(=%( !))
)@= v]ltof]Uo hldg @(,%$$ !@=^*
)#= v]ltul/Psf] @@,*@% (=*
If]q
)$= jg h∙n &$,%&$=( #@=)!
)%= l;lrt If]q &)(* #!=
)^= le/ kx/f !,!*,@&%=%( %)=&&
)&= vf]nfgfnf tyf !)%^$=@ $=%#
cGoefu
>f]t M
lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf cf=a=@)&!÷)&@
&=# ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf
afl9 k}/f] nufotsf ljleGg lsl;dsf ljkb\sf]
b[li6sf]0fn] lhNnfsf] 7"nf] lx::ff pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf] 5 . lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf, th'{df
ug{] qmddf ul/Psf] cWoog cg';f/ lhNnfdf af9L
ljkb\ pTkGg ug]{ k|d'v k|sf]ksf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf]
5 . o;sf ;fy} klx/f] tyf e"Ifo, cfunfuL, v8]/L,
x'/Latf; / dxfdf/L qmdzM bf];|f], t];|f],
rf}yf], / kfrf}+, :yfgdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;
ljZn]if0fsf qmddf e"sDk k|sf]ksf] :t/Ls/0fdf
klg of] kg{ ;S5 . t/, g]kfn e"sDkLo hf]lvddf
/x]sf] d'n's ePsf]n] ;/sf/n] ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf
sfo{qmd to ubf{ e"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;Gbe{df
qmddf bfr{'nf lhNnfdf x'g] k|sf]kk|lt lhNnfsf]
;+s6f;Ggtfsf] l:yltnfO{ lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg
of]hgf, @)&) n] b]xfosf] qmddf :t/Ls/0f u/]sf]
5M != e"sDk, @= af9L, #= klx/f] tyf e"Ifo, $=
cfunfuL, %= v8]/L, ^=x'/Latf; . xfn ;Dd
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf ljkb Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yfnfO{
x]bf{ b]xfo jdf]lhdsf sfo{qmd tyf Ifltsf]
ljj/0fx?nfO{ ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g . dxfsfnL gbLn]
clkgu/kflnsf nufot ljleGg uf=lj=;=df ljutsf
aif{ b]lv al9 gf]S;fg ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . ljkt
hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f of]hgfnfO{ k|efasf/L ?kdf nfu'
ug'{ kg]{ cfa:ostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf
uflj; cg';f/ af9Laf6 k|efljt kl/jf/ tyf
;DklQsf] Iflt ljj/0f cg';"rL df lbO{Psf 5 .
&=#=! ljkbsf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf tyf hgzlQm
bfr{'nf lhNnfdf ljkb\sf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf tyf
hgzlQm tof/ kfg{sf nfuL lqmofzLn lgsfox? lhNnf
b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, g]kfn
/]8qm; ;f];fO6L bfr{'nf lhNnf zfvf, ljZj vfB
sfo{qmd, s]o/ g]kfn, ;]e b lrN8«]g, jftfj/0fLo
ljlzi6 ;d"x, k|flS6sn PS;g, o"lg;]km cfbL /x]sf
5g\ . oL ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] xfn ;Dd b]xfojdf]lhdsf
sfo{x? ;DkGg u/]sf 5g .
&=#=@=ljkb hf]lvd :t/Ls/0f
o; lhNnfdf pQ/af6 blIf0flt/ aUg] dxfafnL gbL
nufotsf kxf8af6 blIf0flt/ aUg] jif]{ vf]nfx¿n]
jif]{gL w]/} pJhfp e"ld s6fg ub{5g . af9Laf6
gbL cf;kf; e]usf uflj;x? / a9L k|efljt x'g]
ub{5g . o; lhNnfsf k|d'v ljkb\x?df af9L, k}/f]
x'/Latf; / dxfdf/L kb{5g .
af9Laf6 pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf clkgu/kflnsf /
cf;kf;sf uflj;x? kb{5g\ hf] gS;fdf b]vfO{Psf] 5
. e"sDkaf6 bfr{'nf lhNnfsf u|fld0f Onfsfx¿df
3/sf lgdf{0f ;+/rgfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 x]bf{
;dfGo c;/ x'g] k"jf{g'dfg 5 lsg eg] bfr{'nfdf
klg ljgfzsf/L e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . t/ gu/df ejg
lgdf{0f cfrf/ ;+lxtf adf]lhd 3/ lgdf{0f
gePsf]n] ;b/d'sfd e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf]
b[li6sf]0fn] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf]5 . e"sDkLo
ljkbsf cj:yfdf k|efljt dflg;x?nfO c:yfoL ?kdf
:yfgfGt/0fsf] nflu bfr{'nfsf] xsdf bfr{'nf l:yt
k|x/L sfof{no, a;kfs{,gu/l:yt /+uzfnf cfkm}df
vt/ 5 . SofDk; If]q eGbf dflysf] If]q ;'/lIft
b]vf kb{5 .
efu * -cf7_ M ;+:yfut ljsf;
*=! ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;
;+:yfut ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffn] lhNnfdf sfo{/t
;+:yfx? / To;sf uljlwx?nfO{ bLuf] jgfpg dbt
ub{5 . ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;|f]t, dfgjLo ;|f]t,
lglt tyf sfo{qmd / cGo sltko ;|f]tx? o;sf
cfwf/x? x'g . o;n] cfufdL lbgx?df ;+:yf;+u
;DjlGwt ;]jfx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|jfx ug{sf
nfuL pko"Qm /0flgltx?sf] th"{df ug{ ;xof]u ub{5
.
tflnsf #@ M bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt
;:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ;DjlGw ljj/0f
qm=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f --
cf=j=;Ddsf]_
O{sfO{ @)^%÷)^^ @)&)÷)&!
)!= Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf]
a8fkq nfu" u/L
;]jf k|jfx ug{]
lgsfo
)@= u|fxs ;Gt'i6L

dfkgsf] k4lt
lgoldt cEof;
ug{] ;fj{hlgs
lgsfo
cf=j=;Ddsf]_
O{sfO{ @)^%÷)^^ @)&)÷)&!
)#= lhlj;sf] jflif{s

sfo{qmd / ;+rfng
vr{ cg'kft
)$= ljifout
sfof{nosf]
jflif{s sfo{qmd
/ ;+rfng vr{
cg'kft
)%= uflj;sf] jflif{s

sfo{qmd / ;+rfng
vr{ cg'kft
)^= u};;sf] jflif{s

sfo{qmd / ;+rfng
vr{ cg'kft
)&= Ifdtf ljsf;

of]hgf th'{df
u/L sfof{Gjog
ug]{ :yfgLo
lgsfo ;+Vof
)*= ;+u7g ljsf;

cWoog cg';f/
;+/rgf :jLs[t
eO{ nfu" ug]{
:yfgLo lgsfo
)(= Go"gtd zt{ k"/f

u/L k|fKt
sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg
cf=j=;Ddsf]_
O{sfO{ @)^%÷)^^ @)&)÷)&!
:sf]/ -lhlj;_
!)= Go"gtd zt{ k'/f

ug]{ uflj; /
gu/kflnsf
!!= O{G6/g]6
;'ljwf;lxt
cfkm\g} j]j;fO6
eO{ lgoldt
cBfjlws;d]t ug{]
uflj; / sfof{no
!@= O{G6/g]6 ;'ljwf

pknAw ;|f]t
s]Gb|÷ljBfno tyf
;fd'bflos cWoog
s]Gb| / 6]nL
;]G6/
!#= O{G6/g]6
;'ljwf;lxt
j]j;fO{6 pknAw
;]jf s]Gb| /
:jf:Yo ;+:yf
!$= cfjZos / b/aGbL

cg';f/ uflj;,
;]jf s]Gb|,
sfof{no /
;+3÷;+:yfdf
sfo{/t dfgj
cf=j=;Ddsf]_
O{sfO{ @)^%÷)^^ @)&)÷)&!
;+;fwg
!%= sDKo'6/
k|0ffnLdf
cfwfl/t clen]v
k|0ffnL / tYof°
Joj:yfkgdf
cfwfl/t eO{ ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ uflj;
!^= ljifout tflnd

lnO{ bIftf tyf
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s[lif, kz' / jg
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s[lif, kz' / jg
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bfr{'nf lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf
dfgjLo ;|f]t, lglt tyf sfo{qmd / cGo sltko
;|f]tx?sf cfwf/df pko"Qm /0flgltx? th"{ ug]{
ul/Psf] 5 . ;|f]tx?sf ;Gbe{df o; lhNnfsf] ljsf;
sfo{sf] lgldQ Joxf]l/g] ljQLo ;|f]tsf] d"Vo c+z
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] ljsf; ah]6n] g}
cf]u6]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/af6
:yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|bfg ul/g] cg'bfg /sd,
lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|fKt /sd,
:yfgLo lgsfosf] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s cfo,
hg;xeflutf, ljleGg u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf / k|f]h]S6
-;a} k|sf/sf_ af6 ;+rflnt ljsf; sfo{df ;dflxt
sfo{qmd / j}b]lzs ;xof]u g} o; lhNnfsf] ljsf;
sfo{sf] cfo ;|f]t x'g . ljut %jif{sf] lhNnfsf]
;Dk"0f{ ljsf; ah]6 lgsf;fsf] l:ylt ljj/0f lgDg
cg";f/ /x]sf] 5 .
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lj=;= @)$( ;fn b]lv o; lhNnfdf ljlwjt ?kdf u}/
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sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] kfO{G5 . oxf+ sfo{/t
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jflif{s ?kdf lgoldt gljs/0f eO{ ljsf;sf
sfo{qmdx? :yfgLo :t/ ;Dd ;+rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf
5g . xfn u};;x?n] o; lhNnfdf ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf
sfo{qmdx?df lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{, P8; tyf
of}g /f]u lgoGq0f, ;fdflhs hgr]tgf, ul/jL
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ljsf;, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, ;fd'bflos ljsf;, l;k
ljsf;, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dlxnf z;lQms/0f, s[lif
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phf{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;,
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420061 yahoo.com org
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420381 mdc_khan@
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420098 mail.co m
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420022 mail.com
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420262
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420331 krishna.past
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333 acdp@gmai eghbors.org
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L z+s/k'/ ;DalGw,
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fpF, tyf
uf]s'n] ;fd'bfl
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lzv/, ljsf;
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lh=lj=;=bfr{'nf ;"rgf zfvf @)&@
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:yfgLo If]qsf] ;dfg"kflts 9+uaf6 ljsf; ug]{
pb]Zon] NofOPsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f gLlt cg'?k :yfgLo
:t/af6} cfkm\gf] ;d:ofx¿sf] juL{s/0f / pko"Qm
7fp+df ljjfb/lxt 9+un] nufgL ug]{ k4lt g}
jf:tjdf ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th{"dfsf] k|s[of xf]
. bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] of]hgf th"{df tyf
sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf ljZn]if0f ug'{ kbf{ :yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^ cg';f/
j:tL, j8f, uf=lj=;=, uf+p kl/ifb, Onfsf,
ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt, Plss[t of]hgf
th'{df ;ldlt / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt x'b} lhNnf
kl/ifbjf6 kfl/t eP kl5 of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog
;DjlGwt lgsfojf6 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g u/L ;~rfng
ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .
ljifout lgsfox?n] cfkm\gf] ljifout of]hgfx?
th"{df ug]{ qmddf uf=lj=;=/ Onfsfjf6 cfPsf
of]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{df xfn ;Dd klg
;DjlGwt dGqfno / ljefus} lgb]{zgdf sfo{qmd to
u/L cf}krfl/stfsf] nflu dfq lhlj;df k]z ug]{
u/]sf] kfOG5 . uflj; / Onfsfjf6 5gf}6 ePsf
of]hgfx? g} ljifout lgsfosf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z
x"g"kg]{ b]lvG5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] of]hgf th"{df tyf
sfof{Gjog Ifdtfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ tYof+s ;+sng
tyf cBfjlws ug]{ k/Dk/f gjl;;s]sf]n] cfjlws
of]hgfsf] cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf /x]sf] lhNnf ;"rgf
clen]v s]Gb| :yflkt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cflhljof]
th"{dfsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] lhNnfsf] j:t'ut
ljj/0f tyf To;sf] ljZn]if0fnfO{ cBfjlws ub}{
nu]/ eljiodf to ug]{ of]hgfdf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{
b]lvG5 . ctM lhNnf ljsf;sf] of]hgf th"{df tyf
sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu dflysf
s'/fx?df ;'wf/ Nofpg'sf ;fy} cg'udg tyf
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b]lvG5 .
*=% ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;~hfn

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfr{'nfn] lhNnf l:yt ljleGg
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lgod jdf]lhd ljleGg ;ldltx? u7g u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cGt/ut of]hgf th"{dfsf nflu
ljifout of]hgf th"{df ;ldltx? / Plss[t of]hgf
th"{df ;ldlt /x]sf 5g . ljifout of]hgf th"{df
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sfo{;+u ;DjlGwt lhNnfdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf
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k|d"v, sfo{ k|s[lt cg';f/sf] ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt
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@)# n] u/]sf] 5 . Plss[t of]hgf th"{df ;ldltdf
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;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? /xg] Joj:yf 5 . oL
;ldltx? cf}krfl/s ?kdf dfq /xg', ;ldltx?aLr
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sdL / ;d'bfo ;Dd sfo{qmd k'/\ofpg ;+:yfut ;dGjo
tyf ;~hfndf b]lvPsf ;d:of x'g csf{] tkm{ nfdf]
;do ;Dd :yflgo lgsfox? vfln x'g' emg 7"nf]
;d:of xf] .
cg';"rLx?
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f/ t
hDdf k'?i dlxn
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cg';"rL !=@ M hfthflt cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

hDdf hfthfltx? ^(^^( ^#^)% !##@&$
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)@= a|fDx0f-kxf8_ !!*@! !)$$& @@@^*
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@%= t/fO{ cGo @) !% #%
@^= ljb]zL ^% #% !))
cg';"rL=!=#= hfthflt cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof

)!= If]qL &#@%$ #^!%# #&!(! ^)=)%
)@= af|DX0f - @@%#! !)(@% !!^)^ !*=$&

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!%= zfsL{ @!($ !!)% !)*( !=*)
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;Gof;L wg's
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kf;L
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t/fO{_
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hDdf !@!((^ %(&(! ^@@)% !))
cg';"rL !=$M a;fO{;/fO{{ tyf ultlzntfsf

cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f
hDdf aflx/ aflx/ /x]sf] hg;+Vof
hg;+Vof 3/w'/L
hDdf dlxnf k'?if gv'n]sf]
@$^)$ $^** ^*^$ %(%^ ()* ))
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hDd ljleGg z}lIfs txkf/
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k|f/ k| lg= df P;Pn cfO ljP; PdP;f cG

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