POSSIBLE ESSAY QUESTIONS

STEM

What is a stipule? How can you differentiate a stipule from an axillary bud?

 The buds present between the stem and leaf petiole are axillary buds.
 The stipule is a pair of leaf like lateral appendages present at the base of each petiole.

FRUITS

Is there an advantage of dry fruits over fleshy fruits?

 Dry fruits have a hard outer layer which is more protective than the soft and pulpy outer layer of
fleshy fruits. They do not attract animals, so they do not get eaten.

LEAVES

 The ligule is typically a membrane found at the tip of plants. It is found in monocots. It is one of
the key parts of a grass plant to be able to identify its species and name.

ROOT

Which root system (taproot or fibrous) is more efficient in absorbing water from a deeper source?
Explain your answer.

 Fibrous. Fibrous root systems consist of many fine hairlike roots that form a thick mat below the
surface. These root systems are very effective at water and mineral absorption, as well as plant
stabilization.

FLOWER

What advantage(s) if any, do flower clusters have over that of single flowers?

 Reproduction
 Pollination
Modification in leaf stalk

1. Amplexicaul
2. Decurrent
3. Equitant
4. Perfoliate
5. Radical
6. Rosulate
7. Sessile
8. Sheathing

LEAF bases

1. Auricled
2. Cordate
3. Cuneate
4. Hastate
5. Oblique
6. Peltate
7. Perfoliate
8. Sagittate

Leaf shape

1. Acicular
2. Cordate
3. Cuneate
4. Deltoid
5. Elliptic
6. Falcate
7. Filiform
 8. Flabellate
9. Lanceolate
10. Linear
11. Lorate
12. Obdeltoid
13. Oblanceolate
14. Oblong
15. Obovate
16. Orbicular
17. Oval
18. Ovate
19. Peltate
20. Reniform
21. Rhombic
22. Spatulate
23. Subulate

LEAF MARGIN

1. Ciliate
2. Circinate
3. Crenate
4. Crenulate
5. Crispate
6. Dentate
7. Denticulate
8. Dissected
9. Doubly serrate
10. Entire
11. Involute
12. Lacerate
13. Laciniate
14. Palmatifid
15. Pinnatifid
16. Repand
17. Revolute
18. Serrate
19. Serrulate
20. Sinuate

Degree of lobing

1. Incised
 2. Lobed
3. Cleft
4. Parted
5. Divided

LEAF APEX

1. Acuminate
2. Acute
3. Apiculate
4. Aristate
5. Attenuate
6. Caudate
7. Cirrhose
8. Cuspidate
9. Emarginated
10. Mucronate
11. Obcordate
12. Obtuse
13. Retuse
14. Rounded
15. Spinose
16. Truncate
17.