Urban area

Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world's most

populated urban area, with about 38 million
inhabitants
Urban land area (km²), 2010[1]

An urban area or built-up area, is a human

settlement with high population density
and infrastructure of built environment.
Urban areas are created through
urbanization and are categorized by urban
morphology as cities, towns, conurbations
or suburbs. In urbanism, the term
contrasts to rural areas such as villages
and hamlets and in urban sociology or
urban anthropology it contrasts with
natural environment. The creation of early
predecessors of urban areas during the
urban revolution led to the creation of
human civilization with modern urban
planning, which along with other human
activities such as exploitation of natural
resources leads to human impact on the
environment. "Agglomeration effects” are
in the list of the main consequences of
increased rates of firm creation since due
to conditions created by greater level of
industrial activity intensity in a given
region; favorable environment for human
capital development is also being
generated simultaneously. [2]

The world's urban population in 1950 of

just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion
in the decades since.[3] In 2009, the
number of people living in urban areas
(3.42 billion) surpassed the number living
in rural areas (3.41 billion) and since then
the world has become more urban than
rural.[4] This was the first time that the
majority of the world's population lived in a
city.[5] In 2014 there were 7.2 billion people
living on the planet,[6] of which the global
urban population comprised 3.9 billion.
The Population Division of the United
Nations Department of Economic and
Social Affairs at that time predicted the
urban population would grow to 6.4 billion
by 2050, with 37% of that growth to come
from three countries: China, India and
Nigeria.[3]

The UN publishes data on cities,

urban areas and rural areas,
but relies almost entirely on
 national definitions of these
areas. The UN principles and
recommendations state that due
to different characteristics of
urban and rural areas across
the globe, a global definition is
not possible.[7]

Urban areas are created and further

developed by the process of urbanization.
Urban areas are measured for various
purposes, including analyzing population
density and urban sprawl.
Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area
includes not only the urban area, but also
satellite cities plus intervening rural land
that is socio-economically connected to
the urban core city, typically by
employment ties through commuting, with
the urban core city being the primary labor
market.

The concept of urban area used for

economic statistics should not be
confused with concept of urban area used
for road safety statistics. The last concept
is also known as built-up area in road
safety. According to the definition by the
Office for National Statistics, "Built-up
areas are defined as land which is
'irreversibly urban in character', meaning
that they are characteristic of a town or
city. They include areas of built-up land
with a minimum of 20 hectares
(200,000 m2; 49 acres). Any areas
[separated by] less than 200 metres [of
non-urban space] are linked to become a
single built-up area.[8]

Definitions
Urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in
2006

European countries define urbanized areas

on the basis of urban-type land use, not
allowing any gaps of typically more than
200 metres (220 yd), and use satellite
imagery instead of census blocks to
determine the boundaries of the urban
area. In less-developed countries, in
addition to land use and density
requirements, a requirement that a large
majority of the population, typically 75%, is
not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing
is sometimes used.

Argentina …

Argentina is highly urbanized.[9] The ten

largest metropolitan areas account for half
of the population, and fewer than one in
ten live in rural areas. About 3 million
people live in Buenos Aires City and the
Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area
totals around 15 million, making it one of
the largest urban areas in the world, with a
population of 18 million all up.[10]

Córdoba has around 1.5 million people

living in the urban area, while Rosario,
Mendoza and Tucumán have around 1.2
million inhabitants each[10] and La Plata,
Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe[10][11]
have at least 500,000 people each.

The population is unequally distributed

amongst the provinces: about 60% live in
the Pampa region (21% of the total area),
including 20 million people in Buenos
Aires Province; Córdoba Province Santa Fe
Province and the Autonomous City of
Buenos Aires have 3 million each. Seven
other provinces have over one million
people each: Mendoza, Tucumán, Entre
Ríos, Salta, Chaco, Corrientes and
Misiones. Tucumán is the most densely
populated with 60 per square kilometre
(160/sq mi), the only Argentine province
more densely populated than the world
average, while the southern province of
Santa Cruz has around 1 inhabitant per
square kilometre (2.6/sq mi).

Australia …
In Australia, urban areas are referred to as
"urban centres" and are defined as
population clusters of 1,000 or more
people, with a density of at least 200/km2
(518/sq mi)[13] Australia is one of the most
urbanised countries in the world, with
more than 50% of the population residing
in Australia's three biggest urban centres.

Brazil …

According to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of

Geography and Statistics) urban areas
already concentrate 84.35% of the
population, while the Southeast region
remains the most populated one, with over
80 million inhabitants.[15] The largest
metropolitan areas in Brazil are São Paulo,
Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte — all in
the Southeastern Region — with 21, 12,
and 5 million inhabitants respectively.[16] In
general, state capitals are the largest cities
in their states, except for Vitória, the
capital of Espírito Santo, and Florianópolis,
the capital of Santa Catarina. There are
also non-capital metropolitan areas in the
states of São Paulo (Campinas, Santos
and the Paraíba Valley), Minas Gerais
(Steel Valley), Rio Grande do Sul (Sinos
Valley) and Santa Catarina (Itajaí
Valley).[17]

São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, the largest city

proper in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Americas,
and the world's ninth-largest urban area by
population.[18]
Canada …

According to Statistics Canada, an urban

area in Canada is an area with a
population of at least 1,000 people where
the density is no fewer than 400 persons
per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi).[22] If
two or more urban areas are within 2 km
(1.2 mi) of each other by road, they are
merged into a single urban area, provided
they do not cross census metropolitan
area or census agglomeration
boundaries.[23]
 vte Largest cities or towns in
2016 Census[24]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank

1 Toronto Ontario 2,731,571 11

2 Montreal Quebec 1,704,694 12

3 Calgary Alberta 1,239,220 13

4 Ottawa Ontario 934,243 14
5 Edmonton Alberta 932,546 15
6 MississaugaOntario 721,599 16
7 Winnipeg Manitoba 705,244 17
British
8 Vancouver 631,486 18
Columbia
 9 Brampton Ontario 593,638 19
10 Hamilton Ontario 536,917 20

In the Canada 2011 Census, Statistics

Canada redesignated urban areas with the
new term "population centre";[25] the new
term was chosen in order to better reflect
the fact that urban vs. rural is not a strict
division, but rather a continuum within
which several distinct settlement patterns
may exist. For example, a community may
fit a strictly statistical definition of an
urban area, but may not be commonly
thought of as "urban" because it has a
smaller population, or functions socially
and economically as a suburb of another
urban area rather than as a self-contained
urban entity, or is geographically remote
from other urban communities.
Accordingly, the new definition set out
three distinct types of population centres:
small (population 1,000 to 29,999),
medium (population 30,000 to 99,999) and
large (population 100,000 or greater).[25]
Despite the change in terminology,
however, the demographic definition of a
population centre remains unchanged
from that of an urban area: a population of
at least 1,000 people where the density is
no fewer than 400 persons per km2.

China …

Since 2000, China's cities have expanded

at an average rate of 10% annually. It is
estimated that China's urban population
will increase by 292 million people by
2050,[3] when its cities will house a
combined population of over one
billion.[26] The country's urbanization rate
increased from 17.4% to 46.6% between
1978 and 2009.[27] Between 150 and
200 million migrant workers work part-
time in the major cities, returning home to
the countryside periodically with their
earnings.[28][29]

Today, China has more of cities with one

million or more long-term residents than
any other country, including the three
global cities of Beijing, Hong Kong, and
Shanghai; by 2025, the country will be
home to 221 cities with over a million
inhabitants.[26] The figures in the table
below are from the 2008 census, and are
only estimates of the urban populations
within administrative city limits; a different
ranking exists when considering the total
municipal populations (which includes
suburban and rural populations). The large
"floating populations" of migrant workers
make conducting censuses in urban areas
difficult;[30] the figures below include only
long-term residents.

Panoramic view of Pudong's Skyline from the Bund in

Shanghai, the largest city proper by population in the
world.[31]
Colombia …

In Colombia the largest Metropolitan area

is Bogotá's, which has around 9.8 million
inhabitants and includes municipalities
like Cota, La Calera, Chía, Soacha,
Usaquen, Suba, among others. It's one of
the most important cities in Latin America,
especially in business, art and culture.
Bogotá has been the International City of
the Book and has unique places like
Monserrate, Torre Colpatria, Bolivar
Square, BD Bacatá, Corferias, National
University etc.[32][33]

Bolívar Square, Bogotá

Finland …

Similar to other Nordic countries, an urban

area (taajama in Finnish) in Finland must
have a building at least every 200 m
(660 ft) and at least 200 people. To be
considered a town or a city (kaupunki) for
statistical purposes, an urban area must
have at least 15,000 people. This is not to
be confused with the city / town
designation used by municipalities.[35][36]

France …

In France multiple words exist to define

various kinds of urban area.

One of the first word used was the word

agglomération, which first was used to
deal with a group of people. The word was
used for instance in the law from 5 april
1884 (loi du 5 avril 1884) whose article 98
gives to the mayor police power (pouvoirs
de police, where French police word comes
from the latin word politia or from the
greec word πόλις both retalted to the city)
meaning authority on the city, but only
within the agglomération. That law was
used by a jurisprudence from year 1907 to
forbid a mayor to set a speed limit on the
road next to a farm considering that at that
time, a group of houses inside a farm
might be an agglomération, but the road
next to it was not inside the
agglomération.[37][38].

Later, in the 1920s, the concept of

agglomération was used in the code de la
route (Highway code) to define specifc law
within/outside such a zone.

In 1968, the French word agglomération

was introduced in the French version of
the Vienna convention on road traffic in
the place where the English word built-up
area was used in the English version of
this exact same treaty. In this treaty, the
word is only defined as a concept signaled
by an entry sign and an exist sign, even if
allowing members of the treaty to have
different definition.

Nowadays, with globalisation words from

English origin or english meaning tend to
be introduced in French language to
introcuce in France new concepts or new
words or new meanings for old words
and/or to change the size and the power a
mayor can have. Such words are Aire
urbaines (urban area), Métropole,
Agglomération (agglomeration),
Communauté urbaine, Gand something
(Grand Paris, Grand Toulouse), and
probably other words.

As a member of the European Union, the

OECD and the European Union, for
statistical purpose, France might need to
cope with inside/outside built-up area
meaning inside/outside the limits of an
urban area.

In France, an urban area (Fr: aire urbaine) is

a zone encompassing an area of built-up
growth (called an "urban unit" (unité
urbaine)[39] – close in definition to the
North American urban area) and its
commuter belt (couronne). Americans
would find the INSEE definition of the
urban area[40] to be similar to their
metropolitan area, and the INSEE
sometimes uses the term aire
métropolitaine[41] to refer to the country's
largest aires urbaines.

The largest cities in France, in terms of

urban area population (2013), are Paris
(12,405,426), Lyon (2,237,676), Marseille
(1,734,277), Toulouse (1,291,517),
Bordeaux (1,178,335), Lille (1,175,828),
Nice (1,004,826), Nantes (908,815),
Strasbourg (773,447) and Rennes
(700,675).[42]

Panorama of Paris as seen from the Eiffel Tower as

full 360-degree view (river flowing from north-east to
south-west, right to left)

Germany …
Germany has a number of large cities.
There are 11 officially recognised
metropolitan regions in Germany – and
since 2006, 34 potential cities were
identified which can be called a
Regiopolis.

The largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr

region (11 million in 2008), including
Düsseldorf (the capital of North Rhine-
Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund,
Essen, Duisburg, and Bochum.[43]

India …
For the Census of India 2011, the definition
of urban area is a place having a minimum
population of 5,000 of density 400 persons
per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi) or
higher, and 75% plus of the male working
population employed in non-agricultural
activities. Places administered by a
municipal corporation, cantonment board
or notified town area committee are
automatically considered urban areas.[44]

The Census of India 2011 also defined the

term "urban agglomeration" as an
integrated urban area consisting of a core
town together with its "outgrowths"
(contiguous suburbs).[45]

Japan …

In Japan urbanized areas are defined as

contiguous areas of densely inhabited
districts (DIDs) using census enumeration
districts as units with a density
requirement of 4,000 inhabitants per
square kilometre (10,000/sq mi).
Netherlands …

The Netherlands is the 30th most densely

populated country in the world, with 404.6
inhabitants per square kilometre
(1,048/sq mi)—or 497 inhabitants per
square kilometre (1,287/sq mi) if only the
land area is counted. The Randstad is the
country's largest conurbation located in
the west of the country and contains the
four largest cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam,
The Hague, and Utrecht. The Randstad has
a population of 7 million inhabitants and is
the 6th largest metropolitan area in
Europe.

New Zealand …

Statistics New Zealand defines urban

areas in New Zealand, which are
independent of any administrative
subdivisions and have no legal basis.[48]
There are three classes of urban area:
main urban areas are the 17 urban areas
which have a population of 30,000 or
more; secondary urban areas are the 14
urban areas which have a population of
10,000 or more but less than 30,000, and
minor urban areas are the 103 urban areas
which have a population of 1,000 or more
but less than 10,000. Urban areas are
reclassified after each New Zealand
census, so population changes between
censuses does not change an urban area's
classification. For example, Rolleston
(pop. 16,250) is still classified as a minor
urban area because its population was
under 10,000 at the 2013 Census.
Norway …

Statistics Norway defines urban areas

("tettsteder") similarly to the other Nordic
countries. Unlike in Denmark and Sweden,
the distance between each building has to
be of less than 50 m, although exceptions
are made due to parks, industrial areas,
rivers, and similar. Groups of houses less
than 400 m from the main body of an
urban area are included in the urban
area.[50]

Pakistan …
In Pakistan, an area is a major city and
municipality if it has more than 100,000
inhabitants according to census results.
Cities include adjacent cantonments.
Urbanisation in Pakistan has increased
since the time of independence and has
several different causes. The majority of
southern Pakistan's population lives along
the Indus River. Karachi is its most
populous city.[51] In the northern half of the
country, most of the population lives in an
arc formed by the cities of Lahore,
Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad,
Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum,
Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera,
Mardan and Peshawar. During 1990–2008,
city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's
population, making it the most urbanised
nation in South Asia. Furthermore, 50% of
Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or
more.[52] Karachi is the most populated
city in Pakistan closely followed by Lahore
according to the 2017 Census.

Philippines …
With an estimated population of 16.3
million, Metro Manila is the most populous
metropolitan area in the Philippines and
the 11th in the world. However, the greater
urban area is the 5th largest in the world
with a population of 20,654,307 people
(2010 estimate).[54] Including Metro
Manila, the Philippines has twelve
metropolitan areas as defined by the
National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA). Metro Angeles, Metro
Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas,
Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Cebu, Metro
Dagupan, Metro Davao, Metro Iloilo-
Guimaras, Metro Naga, Metro Olongapo.

As per Republic Act No. 9009, in order to

become a city, a local government unit
must :

locally generated income of at least ₱

100 million (based on constant prices in
the year 2000) for the last two
consecutive years, as certified by the
Department of Finance, AND
a population of 150,000 or more, as
certified by the National Statistics Office
(NSO); OR a contiguous territory of 100
 square kilometers, as certified by the
Land Management Bureau, with
contiguity not being a requisite for areas
that are on two or more islands.

Poland …

In Poland, official "urban" population

figures simply refer to those localities
which have the status of towns (miasta).
The "rural" population is that of all areas
outside the boundaries of these towns.
This distinction may give a misleading
impression in some cases, since some
localities with only village status may have
acquired larger and denser populations
than many many smaller towns.[55]

Russia …

Singapore …

Singapore is an island city-state in

Southeast Asia. About 5.6 million people
live and work within 700 square kilometres
(270 sq mi), making Singapore the 2nd-
most-densely populated country in the
world, after Monaco, another city-state.
The Central Area in the south-eastern part
of the island, is the country's city centre. It
is surrounded by suburban settlements
outside of its limits. These settlements are
connected to the Central Area and each
other by a dense network of roads,
expressways and metro railway lines
dubbed MRT by locals. Singapore has a
highly centralised, unitary government with
a unicameral legislature (the City Council
and the Rural Board were abolished in the
1960s). While there are town councils and
mayors in Singapore, these are essentially
property managers in charge of the
maintenance of public housing within their
constituency boundaries. They do not
represent local authorities with any
legislative or executive autonomy from the
national government.[69]

South Africa …

South Korea …

The largest cities of South Korea have an

autonomous status equivalent to that of
provinces. Seoul, the largest city and
capital, is classified as a teukbyeolsi
(Special City), while the next 6 largest
cities (see the list below) are classified as
gwangyeoksi (Metropolitan Cities; see
Special cities of South Korea). Smaller
cities are classified as si ("cities") and are
under provincial jurisdiction, at the same
level as counties (see:Administrative
divisions of South Korea).

Sweden …

Urban areas in Sweden (tätorter) are

statistically defined localities, totally
independent of the administrative
subdivision of the country. There are 1,956
such localities in Sweden, with a
population ranging from 200 to 1,372,000
inhabitants.[73]

Taiwan …

The figures below are the 2011 estimates

for the twenty largest urban populations
within administrative city limits; a different
ranking exists when considering the total
metropolitan area populations (in such
rankings the Taipei-Keelung metro area is
by far the largest agglomeration).
United Kingdom …

The United Kingdom's Office for National

Statistics has produced census results
from urban areas since 1951, since 1981
based upon the extent of irreversible urban
development indicated on Ordnance
Survey maps. The definition is an extent of
at least 20 ha and at least 1,500 census
residents. Separate areas are linked if less
than 200 m (220 yd) apart. Included are
transportation features.[74] The UK has five
Urban Areas with a population over a
million and a further sixty nine with a
population over one hundred thousand.

United States …

In the United States, there are two

categories of urban area. The term
urbanized area denotes an urban area of
50,000 or more people. Urban areas under
50,000 people are called urban clusters.
Urbanized areas were first delineated in
the United States in the 1950 census,
while urban clusters were added in the
2000 census. There are 1,371 urban areas
and urban clusters with more than 10,000
people.

The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban

area as "core census block groups or
blocks that have a population density of at
least 1,000 people per square mile (386
per square kilometer) and surrounding
census blocks that have an overall density
of at least 500 people per square mile
(193 per square kilometer)".[78]

The largest urban area in the United States

is the New York metropolitan area. The
population of New York City, the core of
the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million
people, its metropolitan statistical area
has a population that is over 20 million,
and its combined statistical area
population is over 23 million. The next six
largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los
Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San
Francisco, Houston, and Atlanta.[79] About
82 percent of the population of the United
States lives within the boundaries of an
urbanized area as of December, 2010.[80]
Combined, these areas occupy about 2
percent of the land area of the United
States. Many Americans live in
agglomerations of cities, suburbs, and
towns that are adjacent to a metropolitan
area's largest city.

The skyscrapers of New York City, the most populous

city in the United States and the most populous U.S.
metropolitan area, are almost all situated in
Manhattan, the world's largest central business
district, seen here in this panorama in February 2018,
as viewed from Weehawken, New Jersey.
1 Riverside Church 2 Time Warner Center 3 220
Central Park South 4 Central Park Tower 5 One57
 6 432 Park Avenue 7 53W53 8 Chrysler Building
9 Bank of America Tower 10 Conde Nast Building
11 The New York Times Building 12 Empire State
Building 13 Manhattan West 14 a: 55 Hudson Yards, b:
35 Hudson Yards, c: 10 Hudson Yards, d: 15 Hudson
Yards 15 56 Leonard Street 16 8 Spruce Street
17 Woolworth Building 18 70 Pine Street 19 30 Park
Place 20 Trump Building 21 Three World Trade Center
22 Four World Trade Center 23 One World Trade
Center

The concept of Urbanized Areas as

defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is often
used as a more accurate gauge of the size
of a city, since in different cities and states
the lines between city borders and the
urbanized area of that city are often not
the same. For example, the city of
Greenville, South Carolina has a city
population just over 64,000 and an
urbanized area population of over 800,000,
while Greensboro, North Carolina has a
city population just over 285,000 and an
urbanized area population of around
400,000 — meaning that Greenville is
actually "larger" for some intents and
purposes, but not for others, such as
taxation, local elections, etc.
In the U.S. Department of Agriculture's
natural resources inventory, urban areas
are officially known as developed areas or
urban and built-up areas. Such areas
include cities, ethnic villages, other built-up
areas of more than 10 ac (4 ha), industrial
sites, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports,
golf courses, shooting ranges, institutional
and public administration sites, and
similar areas. The 1997 national resources
inventory placed over 98,000,000 ac
(40,000,000 ha) in this category, an
increase of 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha)
since 1982.[81]
 Leading population view talk edit
centers (see complete
list)
Rank Core Metro Metropolitan Regio
city area Statistical
(cities) population Area
1 New 19,979,477 New Northeast
York York–
Newark–
Jersey
City, NY–
NJ–PA
MSA

2 Los 13,291,486 Los West

Angeles Angeles–
Long
Beach–
 Anaheim,
CA MSA

3 Chicago 9,498,716 Chicago– Midwest

Joliet–
Naperville,
IL–IN–WI
MSA

4 Dallas– 7,539,711 Dallas– South

Fort Fort
Worth Worth–
Arlington,
TX MSA

5 Houston 6,997,384 Houston– South

The
Woodlands-
 Sugar Land
MSA
6 Washington, 6,249,950 Washington, South
D.C. D.C.–VA–
MD–WV
MSA

7 Miami 6,198,782 Miami–Fort South

Lauderdale–
West Palm
Beach, FL
MSA

8 Philadelphia 6,096,372 Philadelphia– Nort

Camden–
Wilmington,
 PA–NJ–DE–
9 Atlanta 5,949,951 Atlanta– South
MD MSA
Sandy
Springs–
Roswell,
GA MSA

10 Boston 4,875,390 Boston– Northeast

Cambridge–
Quincy,
MA–NH
MSA

11 Phoenix 4,857,962 Phoenix– West

Mesa–
Chandler,
AZ MSA
12 San 4,729,484 San West
Francisco Francisco–
Oakland–
Berkeley,
CA MSA
13 Riverside– 4,662,361 Riverside– West
San San
Bernardino Bernardino–
Ontario, CA
MSA

14 Detroit 4,326,442 Detroit– Midwest

Warren–
Dearborn,
MI MSA

15 Seattle 3,939,363 Seattle– West

 Tacoma–
Bellevue,
WA MSA
16 Minneapolis– 3,629,190 Minneapolis– M
St. Paul St. Paul–
Bloomington,
MN–WI MSA

17 San 3,343,364 San West

Diego Diego–
Carlsbad–
San
Marcos,
CA MSA

18 Tampa–St. 3,142,663 Tampa–St. South

Petersburg Petersburg–
 Clearwater,
19 Denver 2,932,415 FL MSA
Denver– West
Aurora–
Lakewood,
CO MSA

20 St. 2,805,465 St. Midwest

Louis Louis,
MO-IL
MSA

Based on 2018 MSA population estimates

from the U.S. Census Bureau

Vietnam …
In Vietnam, there are 6 types of urban
areas:

Special urban area (2 municipalities):

Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Type I urban area (12 provincial cities
and 3 municipalities): Thanh Hóa, Hạ
Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định,
Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy
Nhơn, Nha Trang, Huế, Vinh, Cần Thơ, Đà
Nẵng and Hải Phòng.
Type II urban area (21 provincial cities
and 1 district): Đồng Hới, Uông Bí, Bắc
Giang, Bắc Ninh, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liêu, Bà
 Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Giá, Cà Mau, Long
Xuyên, Mỹ Tho, Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm,
Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Pleiku, Thủ Dầu
Một, Biên Hòa, Hải Dương, Vĩnh Yên, Lào
Cai and Phú Quốc.
Type III urban area (31 provincial cities
and 12 towns).
Type IV urban area (35 towns and 35
townships).
Type V urban area (586 townships and
54 communes).

See also
Developed environments
 Urban climatology
Urban culture
Urban decay
Urban planning
Urban renewal

References
1. "Urban land area (km²)" . Our World in
Data. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
2. Baten, Joerg (2003). "Creating Firms
for a New Century: Determinants of
Firm Creation around 1900" .
 European Review of Economic History.
7(3): 301–329 – via EBSCO.
3. "City population to reach 6.4bn by
2050" . Herald Globe. Archived from
the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved
11 July 2014.
4. "United Nations Population Division –
Department of Economic and Social
Affairs" .
5. "Urban population growth" . World
Health Organization.
6. "Current world population" . United
Nations, Department of Economic and
 Social Affairs. Archived from the
original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved
11 July 2014.
7. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/s
ources/docgener/work/2014_01_new_
urban.pdf
8. "2011 Census: Characteristics of Built-
Up Areas" . Office for National
Statistics. 28 June 2013. Retrieved
20 October 2019. |section=
ignored (help)
9. "Field listing – Urbanization" . The
World Factbook. CIA.
10. "Major Cities" . Government of
Argentina. Archived from the original
on 19 September 2009.
11. "Ubicación de la ciudad de salta" (in
Spanish). Directorate-General of
Tourism, Municipality of the City of
Salta. Archived from the original on
2010-01-17.
12. "Encuesta Permanente de Hogares"
(PDF). Indec. 23 August 2015. p. 3.
13. "1216.0 – Australian Standard
Geographical Classification (ASGC),
2001" . Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Retrieved 2007-10-09.
14. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs
@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features1
2017-18?OpenDocument
15. "IDBGE" (in Portuguese). IBGE. 2011.
Retrieved 2011-10-08.
16. 2008 PNAD, IBGE. "População
residente por situação, sexo e grupos
de idade ."
17. "Principal Cities" . Encarta. MSN.
Archived from the original on 29
October 2009. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
18. "RMSP supera 20 milhões de
habitantes, calcula Seade – economia
 – geral – Estadão" . Estadao.com.br.
Retrieved June 6, 2014.
19. "Mais da metade da população vive
em 294 arranjos formados por
contiguidade urbana e por
deslocamentos para trabalho e
estudo" (in Portuguese). Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics.
Retrieved 16 March 2017.
20. "Arranjos Populacionais e
Concentrações Urbanas do Brasil"
(PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics.
p. 148. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
21. "Estimativas da população residente
no Brasil e Unidades da Federação
com data de referência em 1º de julho
de 2017" (PDF) (in Portuguese).
Brazilian Institute of Geography and
Statistics. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
22. "Urban area (UA)" . Statistics Canada.
2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
23. "More information on Urban area
(UA)" . Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20.
Retrieved 2011-01-21.
24. "Census Profile" . 2.statcan.gc.ca.
Retrieved 2016-02-08.
25. "From urban areas to population
centres" Archived 2012-12-13 at the
Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada,
May 5, 2011.
26. "Preparing for China's urban billion" .
McKinsey Global Institute. February
2009. Archived from the original on
24 December 2012. Retrieved
12 December 2012.
27. "China urbanization (PDF)" (PDF).
World Bank Institute. 2011. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 15 January
2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
28. Harney, Alexandra (3 February 2008).
"Migrants are China's 'factories
without smoke'" . CNN. Retrieved
27 March 2009.
29. Tschang, Chi-Chu (4 February 2009).
"A Tough New Year for China's Migrant
Workers" . Business Week. Retrieved
27 March 2009.
30. Francesco Sisci. "China's floating
population a headache for census".
The Straits Times. 22 September
2000.
31. "Cities: largest (without surrounding
suburban areas)" . Geohive. Archived
 from the original on 5 December
2016. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
32. Duncan Smith. "World City Populations
1950 – 2030" . Retrieved 18 December
2015.
33. "Bright lights, big cities. Urbanisation
and the rise of the megacity" .
economist.com. Retrieved
23 December 2015.
34. "Largest cities" (PDF). Departamento
Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica
(DANE). Retrieved 10 February 2020.
35. "Locality – Concepts" . Statistics
Finland.
36. "Alueluokkien kuvaukset" . Ymparisto.
37. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k
5809154m/f31.item
38. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k
5752228f/f13.item
39. "Urban unit" . Definitions, methods and
quality. INSEE. October 31, 2016.
Retrieved 2019-01-18.
40. "Urban area" . Definitions, methods
and quality. INSEE. October 31, 2016.
Retrieved 2019-01-18.
41. "An administrative segmentation of
French territory: 12 metropolitan areas,
29 large urban areas" . INSEE. January
18, 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
42. "Résultats de la recherche" [Search
results]. INSEE.
43. "Verdichtungsräume nach Fläche,
Bevölkerung und Bevölkerungsdichte
am 31.12.2017, im November 2018
wegen korrigierter Bevölkerung
revidiert" (in German). Statistisches
Bundesamt. 2017. p. 10. Retrieved
24 March 2019.
44. "Provisional Population Totals Urban
Agglomerations and Cities, Data
Highlights" (PDF). Census of India
2011. 13 February 2012.
45. "Urban Agglomeration" . Arthapedia.
India Economic Service. 10 April 2015.
46. "Cities having population 1 lakh and
above" (PDF). India Census 2011. 31
January 2012.
47. "CBS Statline" . opendata.cbs.nl.
48. "Urban area: Definition" . Statistics
New Zealand. Archived from the
 original on 13 November 2013.
Retrieved 10 December 2014.
49. "Subnational Population Estimates: At
30 June 2019" . Statistics New
Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved
11 January 2020.
50. "Population statistics. Population and
land area in urban settlements, 1
January 2008" . Statistics Norway.
June 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
51. "The Urban Frontier—Karachi" .
National Public Radio. 2 June 2008.
Retrieved 2 July 2008.
52. Jason Burke (17 August 2008).
"Pakistan looks to life without the
general" . The Guardian. London.
Retrieved 20 May 2010.
53. https://www.citypopulation.de/Pakista
n-100T.html
54. "World: metropolitan areas" . World
Gazetteer. Archived from the original
on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
55. "Polish official population figures" .
56. Surinov, A.; et al., eds. (2016). "5.
Population: Cities with population size
of 1 million persons and over". Russia
 in Figures (PDF) (Report). Moscow:
Federal State Statistics Service
(Rosstat). p. 82. ISBN 978-5-89476-
420-7. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
57. Оксенойт, Г. К. (2016). "31.
Численность населения городов и
поселков городского типа по
федеральным округам и субъектам
Российской Федерации". In
Рахманинов, М. В. (ed.).
Численность населения Российской
Федерации: По муниципальным
образованиям (Report) (in Russian).
Москва: Федеральная служба
 государственной статистики
(Росстат). Retrieved June 12, 2017.
58. "Оценка численности постоянного
населения на 1 января 2017 года и
в среднем за 2016 год" . gks.ru.
Retrieved June 12, 2017.
59. "Предварительная оценка
численности постоянного
населения на 1 января 2017 года и
в среднем за 2016 год по городским
округам и муниципальным районам
Красноярского края" .
krasstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
60. "Численность населения по
муниципальным районам и
городским округам Новосибирской
области на 1 января 2017 года и в
среднем за 2016 год" .
novosibstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
61. "Предварительная оценка
численности населения на 1 января
2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год" .
sverdl.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
62. "Численность населения
муниципальных образований
Республики Татарстан на начало
 2017 года" . tatstat.gks.ru. Retrieved
June 12, 2017.
63. "Оценка численности населения на
1 января 2017 года по
муниципальным образованиям
Краснодарского края" .
krsdstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
64. "Численность постоянного
населения Челябинской области в
разрезе городских округов,
муниципальных районов, городских
и сельских поселений на 1 января
 2017 года" . chelstat.gks.ru. Retrieved
June 12, 2017.
65. "База данных показателей
муниципальных образований
Омской области (Население)" .
gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
66. "Утвержденная численность
постоянного населения Самарской
области (на 1. 1. 2017. г. и
среднегодовая за 2016. г.)" .
samarastat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
67. "Численность постоянного
населения Удмуртской Республики
 /Утверждено Росстатом (письмо от
3. 3. 2017. г., No. 08-08-4/891-ТО)/" .
udmstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
68. "Оценка численности постоянного
населения Республики
Башкортостан на 1 января 2017
года по муниципальным
образованиям" . gks.ru. Retrieved
June 12, 2017.
69. "What are the functions and duties of a
town council?" . Singapore Legal
Advice. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
70. "Community Survey 2016: Provinces at
a Glance" (PDF). Statistics South
Africa. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
71. United Nations, Department of
Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2018). "World
Urbanization Prospects: The 2018
Revision, Online Edition" . Retrieved
28 April 2019.CS1 maint: multiple
names: authors list (link)
년 인구주택총조사 전수집계결과
72. "2015
보도자료" [2015 Population and
Housing Census]. Statistics Korea.
73. "Fortsatt stor ökning av befolkning i
tätorter" . Statistics Sweden. Archived
from the original on 2012-01-12.
Retrieved 2011-06-24.
74. KS01 Usual resident population:
Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban
areas
For the OS definition of an Urban Area,
see the notes tab on the Excel version.
75. "2011 Census - Built-up areas" . ONS.
Retrieved 1 July 2013.
76. Mid-2012 Population Estimates for
Settlements and Localities in Scotland
General Register Office for Scotland
77. The UK's major urban areas Office for
National Statistics (Urban area of
Belfast and connected settlements,
Table 3.1, page 47)
78. "The Urban and Rural Classifications"
(PDF). Geographic Areas Reference
Manual. United States Census Bureau.
79. United States Census Bureau 2010
Census Urban Area List "Archived
copy" . Archived from the original on
2012-10-10. Retrieved 2013-05-16.CS1
maint: archived copy as title (link)
2010 Census Urban Area List.
Retrieved May 7, 2013.
80. [1] – accessed January, 2012
81.  This article incorporates public
domain material from the
Congressional Research Service
document: Jasper Womach.
[http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/
05jun /97-905.pdf "Report for
Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of
Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005
Edition"] Check |url= value (help)
(PDF). line feed character in |url=
at position 43 (help)
82. "Appendix A. Census 2000 Geographic
Terms and Concepts – Figure A–3.
 Census Regions, Census Divisions,
and Their Constituent States" (PDF).
U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. p. 27.
Archived from the original (PDF) on
June 14, 2007. Retrieved February 25,
2017.

External links
United Nations Statistics Division
(UNSTAT): Definition of "urban"
World Urban Areas All identified world
urbanized areas 500,000+ and others:
Population & Density.
Geopolis : research group, University of
Paris-Diderot, France for world urban
areas
Gridded Population of the World –
contains links to urban area definitions
and maps for over 230
countries/territories
City Mayors – The World's Largest
Urban Areas in 2006
City Mayors – The World's Largest
Urban Areas Projected for 2020
PopulationData – World's largest urban
areas 1,000,000+ population
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Urban_area&oldid=944323193"

Last edited 2 days ago by Bluesatellite

Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless

otherwise noted.