“Choosing the Right Resilient Floor

for Your Project”

A Specifier’s Guide
Prepared by : Peter Byron
Manager, Quality & Technical Development
Australia
 OUTLINE

Š Flooring Options Š Performance attributes

Š Resilient Flooring Š Fire & Smoke
Š Vinyl Flooring Š Electrical Properties
Š Linoleum Š Slip Retardance
Š Manufacturing Š Product Comparison
Processes Š Summary
Š Product Standards
RESILIENT FLOORING OPTIONS?

z Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)

z Resilient Vinyl Sheet
z Linoleum
 RESILIENT FLOORING HISTORY

Ancient Egyptians used Waxed or oiled Linoleum invented in

asphalt-based material canvas flooring England by
for flooring covering dirt or Armstrong began
Frederick Walton
stone

1500 BC 1820 AD 1861 1860

Vinyl Asbestos Asphalt tile in use
Tile(VAT) developed because it is Linoleum
Armstrong-Nylex because Asphalt tile unaffected by
formed in flooring starts
has poor resistance to concrete slab in U.S.
Australia oil and grease moisture

1906
1968 1950 1947

Armstrong
Residential Armstrong
Asphalt tile no Homogenous Vinyl purchase DLW
Inlaid
longer offered comes to U.S. from (Germany)
introduced
in U.S. Europe
in U.S.

1973 1976 1983 1998

 RESILIENT FLOORING

‹ The ability to recover from indentations:

‹ shoe heels, table legs, wheels, etc.
‹ unlike wood, ceramic, stone, and even carpet.

‹ The ability to compress to some degree with a

load, then in a short time return to its original
thickness when the load is removed.
VINYL FLOORING
COMPOSITION
VINYL FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Inorganic
Filler

Organic
Binder

Filler: Binder:
•Limestone / • Vinyl Resin
Calcium Carbonate • Plasticizers
• Stabilizers and
•Pigments
Processing Aids
VINYL FLOORING - Ingredients

Plasticiser
Polyurethane
Pigments

PVC
Recycled
PVC
 VINYL FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Î Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) binder

‹ Plasticised for wide range of flexibility

‹ Formulated as necessary to pass fire

requirements for floors in most building codes

‹ Pigmented to produce a full palette of opaque or

transparent colors

‹ Inherently resistant to acids, alkali, many organic

solvents

‹ Does not decompose when in contact with

moisture
 VINYL FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Î Inorganic filler
‹Usually limestone or calcium carbonate

‹Provides mass and thickness at reasonable

cost

‹Adds dimensional stability

‹Improves fire and smoke properties

 LINOLEUM
COMPOSITION
 LINOLEUM FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Inorganic
Filler

Organic
Binder

Jute Backing
Filler - Cork, Woodflour, Limestone, Pigments
Binder - Linseed Oil, Resin
LINOLEUM FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Î Linoleum Binders
‹ From natural sources

‹ Formulated for flexibility

‹ Pigmented to produce a full palette of colors

‹ Inherently resistant to bacteria

LINOLEUM FLOORING - Tile and Sheet

Î Filler
‹Cork
‹Provides thickness at reasonable cost

‹Naturally resilient

‹Naturally insulating

‹Limestone
‹Adds dimensional stability

‹Improves fire and smoke properties

MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
 Plasticiser Pigments
Armstrong World Industries (Australia) Pty Ltd

Filler PVC
Inlaid Sheet Manufacturing Process
Mixer

Chip Chip Chip

Compounder
Blender

Granulator

Mill
Chip

Granulator

Chip

Chip

Coater Coater
Consolidation
Inspection Finished
Goods

See next page

Inlaid Sheet - Consolidation
 Armstrong World Industries (Australia) Pty Ltd

Homogeneous Vinyl Sheet (HVS)

Plasticiser Pigments Products Manufacturing Process

Filler PVC

Mixer

Accent Chip

Annealling Inspection

Compounding Mill Calender Coating Finished

Goods

See next page

Homogeneous Vinyl Sheet - Mill
Armstrong World Industries (Australia) Pty Ltd
PVC Plasticiser Filler
Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)
Manufacturing Process Pigments

Accent
Crusher Calender Mixer
Chips

Chip

Chip Oven

Consolidating
Calender

Finished Tile
Calender Calender
Goods Punching
Polish Surface
Inspection & Buff Application

See next page

Vinyl Composition Tile - no.1 Calender
 PRODUCT
COMPOSITION
 Homogeneous
Factory finish may be applied

Wearlayer

Unbacked

( back may be sanded or textured)

General Characteristics
z Solid layer of material without backing, essentially the entire product is the wearlayer (filler 30% - 65%)
z Vinyl products covered by BS EN 649:1997 or AS 2055.1:1985 Specification for Vinyl Sheet Floor Covering without Backing
z Filler levels typically in the 30% to 65% range
z PUR (polyurethane) finishes are common, found on most mid to high price point products
z Excellent resistance to indentation from static and dynamic loads (durable)
z Usually flexible, easy to cut and install
z Heat welding recommended to provide a barrier against penetration of dirt and moisture into the seam
z Maintenance characteristics / stain resistance dependent upon surface coating (factory finish) and porosity
 Heterogeneous (Layered Composites)
(Two or more layers)
Clear, unfilled vinyl wearlayers (Factory finish may be applied)

Print layer

Inner layer

Backing (felt, filled vinyl, saturated glass)

General Characteristics
z Characterized by the presence of a clear, unfilled, vinyl wearlayer, 0.5 - 0.76 mm thick

z Backing can be felt, filled vinyl or encapsulated glass. Inner layer(s), if present may include foam, filled vinyl or encapsulated glass

z Covered by BS EN 649:1997 or ASTM F 1303-99 (Type I) Standard Specification for Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering with Backing

z Design achieved via print under wearlayer and/or the incorporation of pigmented resin particles or other particulate or chips

z For solid vinyl products, indentation and rolling load resistance is very good. Felt backed and/or foam containing products are worse

z Unfilled wearlayers provide outstanding abrasion resistance

z Gouge resistance is fair (thinner wearlayer), with foam containing products worse

z Non-porous wearlayers offer somewhat easier maintenance over more porous highly filled surfaces

z Stain resistance dependent on wearlayer formulation and/or factory finish

 Inlaid Chips on a Backing
(Factory finish may be applied)
Chips/Mortar Matrix Chips/Granules

Wearlayer

Backing (felt, filled vinyl, saturated glass)

General Characteristics

z Chips and/or granules consolidate on or laminated to a backing. Backings may include felt, filled vinyl and encapsulated glass

z Covered by BS EN 13413:2002 or ASTM F 1303-99 (Type II) Standard Specification for Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering with Backing

z Chips/granules moderate to highly filled (40%- 65%) and sometimes bound in an unfilled matrix

z Typical wearlayer thickness is 0.6mm - 1.2mm

z Non-directional visuals, overall designs, solid or jasped chips

z Indentation and rolling load resistance are good, but not as good as homogeneous structure due to compression of felt. Vinyl

backed products will perform better

z Gouge resistance is good, again, not as good as homogeneous but still tough and durable

z Maintenance characteristics / stain resistance dependent upon surface coating (factory finish) and porosity
 Specialty

Safety
Safety

Acoustical Anti-static/Conductive

Products can be homogeneous, inlaid or layered, but contain some additional

modification to impart functionality
Safety/slip-retardant - enhanced with abrasive grit and/or embossing
Acoustical - addition of a thick foam layer within on on back of product
Anti-static/conductive - special additives or carbon veining
Sports floors - thick, dense, heavy foam backings
 Linoleum
Factory Finish

Linoleum

Jute backing (Woven Polyglass on Forbo tile)

General Characteristics

z Made from renewable raw materials including linseed oil, resin, limestone, cork and wood flour, pigments and jute - Chlorine free
z Only three major manufacturers worldwide - Armstrong, Forbo and Sommer (Azrock's Linosom line)
z Bound by EN 548 and ASTM 2034 Specifications for Sheet Linoleum
z Single or double layer of linoleum calendered onto jute or Polyglas backing (Forbo tile). Available in sheet and tile formats
z Available in many colors & gauges, primarily 2.0, 2.5, 3.2 & 4.0 mm. Marbleized & directional chip visuals
z More high pH sensitive than vinyl. Maintenance chemicals should not exceed 10 pH
z Inherent odour and "drying room film" characteristic of all linoleum
z With proper maintenance a proven tough, durable product
z Resistant to cuts, tears, gouges and indentation from static and rolling loads. Comparable to felt backed inlaids
z Heavier gauge materials can be stiff compared to vinyl products
z Heat welding not required, but recommended
z Maintenance characteristics / stain resistance dependent upon surface coating (factory finish) and porosity
 Accolade Plus
(Homogeneous)
Urethane Finish

Filled jasped chips 2.0 mm

Urethane through mix

„ Gauge - 2.0 mm Width - 1.83 m Wt. - 3.2 kg/sq m

„ ASTM F 1913 JIS A-5705 BS EN 649

„ Installation: Full spread with SV-100. Use S-2K adhesive for flash cove. Seams must be heat welded.

„ Maintenance: Immediately after Installation - Sweep or vacuum, damp mop with neutral cleaner scrubbing black marks

and excessive soil. Preparation for Use - Sweep, machine scrub with neutral cleaner and red pad. If badly soiled,

substitute blue/green pad. Thoroughly rinse and allow to dry - dry burnish. Select from 3 Maintenance Options 1. Dry

Buff with appropriate pad (1500 rpm max.) 2. Spray Buff with appropriate pad. 3. Continuing maintenance - Sweep or

vacuum frequently. Damp mop or machine scrub as needed with neutral cleaner. Spray or dry buff to restore gloss.
 Accolade Plus (cont.)
(Homogeneous)
Urethane Finish

Filled jasped chips 2.0 mm

Urethane through mix

Product strengths and benefits:

„ Tough and durable, excellent resistance to cuts, gouges & indentation from static and rolling loads
„ Urethane finish that can reduce initial and ongoing maintenance and increase scuff resistance
„ Can be installed with Tandem for lower overall installed cost, while maintaining visual & maintenance/staining
characteristics (project basis)
„ Weld rod allows for blending or contrasting.
„ Colour line includes low-contrast colours that make it easier to see/locate dropped objects in operating & emergency
rooms etc.
„ Static Load Limit - 750 psi (52.7 kg/sq cm) ASTM F 970 (modified)
 Classic Corlon UBX
(Inlaid)
Urethane finish

Filled vinyl granules nominal (1.2 mm)

Felt (0.8 mm)

„ Gauge - 2.0 mm Width - 1.83 m Wt. - 3.0 kg/sq m

„ ASTM F 1303 Type II Grade 2 Class A backing
„ Installation: Full spread/Heat weld - SV-100 (Optional S-2K in flash cove areas) Seams must be heat welded or
Securabond - SV-100 in field, S-200 Epoxy under all seams, doorways and field cuts. (S-2K optional in flash cove
areas).
„ Maintenance: Immediately after Installation - Sweep or vacuum, damp mop with neutral cleaner scrubbing black marks
and excessive soil. Preparation for Use - Sweep, machine scrub with neutral cleaner and red pad. If badly soiled,
substitute blue/green pad. Thoroughly rinse and allow to dry - dry burnish. Select from 3 Maintenance Options 1. Dry
Buff with appropriate pad (1500 rpm max.) 2. Spray Buff with appropriate pad. 3. Continuing maintenance - Sweep or
vacuum frequently. Damp mop or machine scrub as needed with neutral cleaner. Spray or dry buff to restore gloss.
 Classic Corlon UBX (cont.)
(Inlaid)
Urethane finish

Filled vinyl granules nominal (1.2 mm)

Felt (0.8 mm)

Product strengths and benefits:

„ Excellent stain and chemical resistance. Excellent maintenance characteristics

„ Tough, durable wearlayer provides very good abrasion and gouge resistance
„ Tapestry patterns help mask dirt and wear patterns in high traffic areas
„ Felt backing helps hide subfloor irregularities and allows for installation at higher moisture emission levels than vinyl backed
„ Static Load Limit - 500 psi ASTM F 970 (modified)
 Contract Interior / Timberline
(Heterogeneous)
Hot Melt Calendered
Vinyl Wearlayer 0.55 mm
Print Layer

Vinyl saturated glass

Inner layer

Calendered Filled
Vinyl Base 1.45 mm

„ Gauge - 2.0 mm Width - 2.0 m Wt. - 3.2 kg/sq m

„ ASTM F 1303 Type 1 Grade 1 Class B backing, BS EN 649
„ Installation: Full spread using SV-100, S-2K for flash cove. Seams - Heat weld or seam seal.
„ Maintenance: Immediately after Installation - Sweep or vacuum, damp mop with neutral cleaner scrubbing black marks
and excessive soil. Preparation for Use - Sweep, machine scrub with neutral cleaner and brushes. If badly soiled,
substitute a stripping solution. Thoroughly rinse and allow to dry. Continuing maintenance - Sweep or vacuum
frequently. Damp mop or machine scrub (brushes) as needed with neutral cleaner. Buff, spray buff or burnish to restore
gloss.
 Contract Interior / Timberline (cont.)
(Heterogeneous)
Hot Melt Calendered
Vinyl Wearlayer 0.55 mm
Print Layer

Vinyl saturated glass

Inner layer

Calendered Filled
Vinyl Base 1.45 mm

Product strengths and benefits:

„ Unfilled, calendered vinyl wearlayer provides for easy maintenance and excellent abrasion, chemical and stain resistance.
„ Flexible fiberglass reinforced solid vinyl construction provides ease of installation, great dimensional stability and
outstanding resistance to tears, cracks and indentations from static and rolling loads.
„ Two seaming options with Seam Seal and heat weld colours coordinated for nearly invisible seams.
 Marmorette
(Linoleum)
Factory finish

Linoleum

Jute Backing

„ Meets requirements of ASTM 2034 Specification for Sheet Linoleum

„ Gauge - 2.0, 2.5, 3.2 mm Width - 2.0 m Wt. - 2.5, 3.1, 3.8 kg/sq. m
„ 35 colours Also available in 480 x 480 mm (18" x 18") and 600 x 600mm (24" x 24") tiles
„ Installation - Full spread with S-235. For flash cove areas use S-235 or S-2K. Suitable for installation on all grade levels.
Seams - Heat welding is optional, but highly recommended.
„ Maintenance: Initial (Immediately after installation) - Sweep or vacuum thoroughly, damp mop with a neutral cleaner. Apply
2 coats of polish. In preparation for traffic - Sweep, machine scrub with neutral cleaner using scrub brush or pads (3M blue
or equiv.) If badly soiled substitute a stripping solution (pH of 10 or less). Thoroughly rinse, allow to dry and apply 3- 5 coats
of polish. Continuing maintenance - Sweep or vacuum frequently, damp mop or scrub as needed with a neutral cleaner. If
sufficient polish base remains, buff, spray buff or burnish to restore gloss. Strong alkaline cleaners (pH greater than 10)
and/or abrasive powders are not recommended for linoleum.
 Marmorette (cont.)
(Linoleum)
Factory finish

Linoleum

Jute Backing

Product strengths and benefits:

„ Pattern features the fine marbling characteristic of classic linoleum for a timeless look.
„ Made from renewable resources for low environmental impact.
„ Very durable, available in three gauges including 3.2 mm (0.125") for use in very high traffic areas
„ Resists cigarette burns
„ Cork ingredients help absorb impact sound and provide underfoot comfort.
 GLOBAL
PRODUCT
STANDARDS
 Global Product Standards
Australian British/European American Japanese
BS EN 649:1997
Homogeneous AS 2055.1-1985 ASTM F 1913-98 JIS A 5705-1992
(& Heterogeneous)
Felt-backed ASTM F 1303-99,
BS EN 13413:2002 JIS A 5705-1992
inlaid Type II

VCT AS 1889.1-1984 BS EN 654:1997 ASTM F 1066 JIS A 5705-1992

Linoleum
BS EN 548:1997 ASTM F 2034 JIS A 5705-1992
sheet
ASTM F 1303-99,
Cushioned BS EN 651:1997 JIS A 5705-1992
Type I
Solid Vinyl
BS EN 649:1997 ASTM F 1700 JIS A 5705-1992
Tile
Skirting
ASTM F 1861
(Wall Base)

AS = Australian Standard, BS = British Standard, EN = European Norm (Standard),

ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials, JIS = Japanese Industrial Standard
PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES
 CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES FOR RESILIENT FLOORING

° Installability and compatibility with the

subfloor

± Wear resistance, durability, and

resilience

² Chemical and stain resistance

 CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES FOR RESILIENT FLOORING

Ease of Installation/Subfloor compatibility

Sheet v Tile
Tile is quicker (700m2/day)
Tile provides less scrap ( 3-5%)
Sheet provides a seamless installation
Sheet can be coved
Semi-flexible v Flexible
Semi-flexible is for concrete/sand-cement only
Semi-flexible can tolerate some sub-floor moisture
 CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES FOR RESILIENT FLOORING

Some subfloor requirements

Concrete/sand-cement
ÈDry - <75%RH
ÈLevel - SR1 or FM2
ÈFree from surface laitence
Wood
ÈAt equilibrium regarding moisture content
ÈSmooth and level
 CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES FOR RESILIENT FLOORING

Concrete - Drying times

Concrete will dry to 75% RH at a rate of

1mm/day for the first 50mm, then
0.5mm/day for the remainder of the
thickness.

150mm slab = 50 + 200 = 250 days

 CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTES FOR RESILIENT FLOORING

What can be done?

Allow sufficient time in the programme for

adequate drying
or
Allow for a Surface Applied Damp Proof
Membrane and 3mm of smoothing compound
CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Wear resistance, durability, and resilience

Resistance to:
Abrasion
Lower filler - less abrasion
 Approximate Equivalent Abrasion
Resistance for Wear Layer Thickness with
Different Filler Levels
Abrader Test - BSEN 660-1
Category T
2mm overall
0.50mm thick unfilled vinyl clear
coat loses 0.2mm

Category M
2mm overall
Moderately filled vinyl
(approximately 40% filler) loses
approx 0.80mm

Category F
3.2mm overall
Highly filled vinyl (approximately
80% filler) loses approx 1.7mm
CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Wear resistance, durability, and resilience

Resistance to (cont.):
 Abrasion
 Lower filler - less abrasion

 Cuts, punctures, and gouges

 Lower filler - better elasticity, better
resistance
 CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Wear resistance, durability, and resilience

Resistance to (cont.):
Indentation from dynamic loads
• Heavy rolling casters and wheels, sliding
loads, ladies high heels and other impacts
• Lower filler - better resistance

Indentation from static loads

• Furniture, cupboards, shelving
• Higher filler - better resistance
 CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Wear resistance, durability, and resilience

Resistance to (cont.):
Indentation from dynamic loads
Maximum dynamic load DL = 300 N/cm²(app.
30kg/cm2)

DL [N/cm² ] = (Shore-Hardness)E2 x (wheel-load in kg)E-2

1830x(wheel-diameter in cm x wheel-width in cm)E-4x 10

Indentation from static loads

Max. load with all resilient floorcoverings
250 N / cm² (app. 25 kg/cm²)
 CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Chemical and stain resistance

‹ Strong acids and alkali can react with fillers and
pigments to change color and appearance.

‹ Protect health care facility floors with a good coating

of strippable floor polish to shield against strongly
colored hospital reagents and dyes. Alternatively install
a floor with a resistant coating.

‹ Most flooring manufacturers list how well their

products resist various stains and reagents.

‹ Test for resistance to specific chemicals and stains not

listed before specifying the floor.
 CHECKLIST FOR EACH PERFORMANCE
ATTRIBUTE

Chemical and stain resistance (continued)

‹ Some white flooring can become yellow
♦ From exposure to:
– driveway sealer
– shoe leather
– rubber heels and soles
– rubber wheels
– rubber backing for mats and area rugs

♦ With age from

– light and heat degradation
– oxidation from the atmosphere
FLAMMABILITY
 FLAMMABILITY REQUIREMENTS

‹ Resilient flooring is exempt from flammability

requirements in most building codes.

‹ BS 476, for Flame Spread, does not apply to floors, only to

wall and ceiling finishes but is often quoted.

‹ DIN 4102 / EN ISO 9239.1, the Flooring Radiant Panel Test,

is usually required by government agencies for corridors in
hospitals, nursing homes, schools, and other institutional-
type occupancies.
 Flooring Radiant Panel Test
DIN 4102 / EN ISO 9239.1

GAS FUELED PANEL - 12” X 18”

@ 500oC

RADIATING
SURFACE

HEAT
28”
FLUX
30º PILOT
SPECIMEN BURNER
HOLDER

9” x 41” SPECIMEN

1.1kW/m² 4.5kW/m² 10 kW/m²

55”
 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
Methods for fire tests on building
material, components and structures.
Part 3 : Simultaneous determination of ignitability, flame
propagation, heat release and smoke release.

Ignitability index (0-20)

Spread of Flame index (0-10)
Heat Evolved index (0-10)
Smoke Developed index (0-10)
 BCA Fire Specifications
Area Class Early Fire Hazard Indices
Laboratory 8 Not > 9 Not > 8 if spread of
flame is > 5
Fire Isolated Exits -- 0 Not > 2
Walling in public corridor which 2, 3 & 9a or 9b 0 Not > 5
is means of egress to fire
isolated stairway/passageway
Health Care – flooring 9a Not > 3 Or Not > 5 or
(patient care area) 0 Not > 6
Health Care – wall 9a Not > 2 Not > 5
(patient care area)
School (education) flooring 9b Not > 9 Not > 5
Lift Cars AS 1735.2 Not > 4 Not > 5
1993 (ignitability Not > 14)
Retail (shop) 9b Not > 8 Not > 7
ANTI-STATIC
 ANTI-STATIC FLOORING
(TILE AND SHEET)

‹ 3 Electrical Properties Measured for Flooring:

y Electrical Resistance
y Static Decay
y Static Generation

Purpose of special flooring with electrical properties:

y Guard against static charge buildup on a person that could damage
sensitive equipment or cause a spark leading to an explosion.
Antistatic / Requirements

ano general demands (i.e. DIN, EN)

aspecial requirements by
‹producers of data processing
equipment
‹for electro-statically endangered
elements or components
anormal for offices
Charges / Causes

Friction and separation

of insulating materials
(Partners in friction):

The higher the

insulation properties,
the higher the charges.
Charges / Causes

“primary charges”
ashoe soles / floorcovering

“secondary charges”
aclothes
atrousers / chair
asleeve / desk
Electrostatic Charges /
Dependencies

aAtmospheric humidity
aConductive - / insulating-
properties of partners in friction
aDistance to ground
Electrostatic Charges, Risks and
Hazards

aAnnoying discharges (homes and offices)

aExplosion hazards (in areas with
explosive atmosphere or with explosives)
aRisk of destroying sensitive elec-tronic
parts (assembly, testing or repair of
electronic devices)
 ANTI-STATIC FLOORING
(TILE AND SHEET)

All Armstrong DLW Commercial floors are

“Anti-Static”
By this we mean that they do not generate a
static charge of >2000 Volts when a person
walks over the floor.

Not all “anti-static” floors are static

dissipative or static conductive.
 Electrical Resistance of Floorcoverings
Measured in ohms
Low High
1015 Insulative (non-conductive)
1014
1013
1TΩ =TeraΩ = 1012 Most standard vinyl floorcoverings
Conductivity

1011
Resistance

1010
1GΩ =GigaΩ = 109 Commonly
108 called
Static Dissipative
107 “Anti-
1MΩ =MegaΩ = 106 Static”
105 Static Conductive
104
1KΩ =KiloΩ = 103
102
High Low
101
 Electrical Resistance of Floorcoverings
Measured in ohms
Low High
1015 Insulative (non-conductive)
1014
1013
1012 All Armstrong Products
except
Conductivity

1011
Resistance

1010
Excelon SDT
109
108 Royal LG1, Marmorette LCH
107 Linodur LCH
106 Royal LG2, Contour LG2
105 Pastell LG2, Solid LG2,
104 Cenit LG2
103
High Low 102
101
STATIC DECAY & STATIC GENERATION OF
FLOORING

Body Voltage -(Static

Generation). If less than
Bleed Time 2000v/2kV when tested to
(Static Decay) EN 1815 the floor is classed
as “anti-static”
 ANTI-STATIC FLOORING
(TILE AND SHEET)

Areas of Use.
Anti-Static Floors (ca.2 x 105Ω to ca.5 x 109Ω)
‹General use in offices, retail, schools

Static Dissipative Floors (ca.5 x 104Ω to ca.1 x 107Ω)

‹Communications rooms, electronic assembly areas,
computer rooms where dual-protection is required

Static Conductive Floors (<5 x 104Ω to ca.1 x 106Ω)

‹Operating theatres, areas where there is an
explosive risk, computer rooms where dual-
protection is not required
SLIP RESISTANCE
 SLIP-RETARDANT FLOORING

‹ Application:
`ramps
`wet areas
`vestibules

‹ Flooring characteristics:
`raised areas
`deep embossing
`surface mineral aggregates

‹ Important: many slip-retardant floors require

a different cleaning method.
 SLIP-RETARDANT FLOORING (cont.)

‹Measure: coefficient of friction

`many different tests
`non-comparable tests

‹Test method for slip resistance of

resilient flooring (new surfaces) is
AS/NZS 4586:1999 or DIN 51 130 &
DIN 51 097.

‹Test method for slip resistance of

resilient flooring (in situ) is AS/NZS
4663:2002.
 AS/NZS 4586:1999
Slip resistance classifications of new
pedestrian surface materials.
‹ Supersedes AS/NZS 3661.1:1993
‹ Four main tests:
‹ Oil-Wet Ramp
‹ Wet/Barefoot Ramp
‹ Wet Pendulum
‹ Dry Floor Friction Test
‹ No pass or fail
‹ Classifications as:
‹ R rating (R9 - R13)
‹ A, B, C
‹ V, W, X, Y, Z
‹ F, G
 An Introductory Guide to the Slip
Resistance of Pedestrian Surface Materials
(HB 197:1999)

Location Pendulum Ramp

Fast food outlets, buffet food servery areas W R10
Hospital and aged care facilities – dry areas Z R9
Hospital and aged care facilities – wet areas X R10
Communal changing rooms X A
Shopping centre – food court X R10
Other shops with external entrances – entry area X R10
Other separate shops inside shopping centre Z R9
Examples from Table 3
OPTIONS ?
 WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS?

z Carpet - Broadloom
z Polymeric Poured Floors
z Carpet - Tile
z Terrazzo
z Ceramic Tile
z Resilient Vinyl - Tile
z Quarry Tile
z Resilient Vinyl - Sheet
z Stone/Marble/
Granite-Slab or Tile z Linoleum

z Wood/Solid & Engineered z Rubber - Sheet or Tile

z High Pressure z Coated Concrete

Laminate
WHY RESILIENT INSTEAD OF CARPET?

 Wear Resistance and Durability

‹ Better abrasion resistance so longer life
‹ Resistant to acids, alkali, many solvents

 Ease of Maintenance
‹ Better stain resistance

‹ Much easier to disinfect

‹ Resilient floors dry quickly

‹ Less surface area (1sq inch to 45sq inches)

 WHY RESILIENT INSTEAD OF
CARPET? (CONT’D)

 Appearance Retention

‹ No traffic lanes (no crushing, matting)

‹ Original appearance after years of cleaning

and scrubbing

‹ Fade resistance to sunlight

 WHY RESILIENT INSTEAD OF
CERAMIC?

 Less color variability due to a

 Easier to Install more controlled manufacturing
process
 Will not crack or break as
easily  No grout joints to stain and
catch dirt
 Less weight
 Less expensive to repair or
 Larger variety of colors and replace
patterns
 More comfortable under foot
 More possibilities for design of
custom insets  Feels warmer under bare feet
 SUMMARY

Š Flooring Options Š Performance attributes

Š Resilient Flooring Š Fire & Smoke
Š Vinyl Flooring Š Electrical Properties
Š Linoleum Š Slip Retardance
Š Manufacturing Š Product Comparison
Processes
Š Product Standards