Ariola, Mejorada, Pergamino, Pineda

Pluralist Capitalist Leviathan Patriarchal Elitism

Key -there is diversity in -society is divided -Man is a - Males (the -there are certain
Assumptions society; no single into classes: wolf unto gender) are privileged groups
group dominates ruling/bourgeoisie every other superior in society by
-separation between: /capitalist and man virtue of their
state and civil ruled/proletariat/ -people are perceived
society; economic Laborers self-seeking superiority
and political power -capitalism or -2 kinds of
-power is dispersed capitalist ideas are people: ruler and
and non-observable emphasized ruled

State - all-encompassing -A reflection of the -State is - the state is Instrument of

authoritative class system overbearing ruled of ruling elites to
organization that -it is an agent of the and eager to men and for maintain power or
governs society ruling class intervene; it men only stay in authority
-not bias to anyone -pursues capitalist is an
-focus on interests autonomous
government and -cannot be separated
political system is from economic
maintained by structure of society
consensus
Proponents Pluralists Marxists New Right Feminists Elitists
Robert Dahl Wilfredo Pareto,
Charles Lindblom Gaetano Mosca,
J. K. Galbraith Robert Michels
Critique -there is really -Portray - Women -there is no
inequality in society politicians as are being universal
(e.g., presence of self-seeking oppressed definition of elites
privileged groups) instead of and gender and of the
-no single pluralist people who inequality is dynamics of elite
theory exists seek the present circulation
-too much welfare of - the
concentration on others concept of
observable -Assumes that feminism in
-impossible to society which the
separate economic cannot rely females will
from political power on itself also gain
(needs state equal power
to watch over the
over) state

Recent Reformed Pluralism, Neo-Marxism Reformed -Democratic

Strands Neo-Pluralism, Pluralism, Elitism (M.
Plural Elitism, Marxism, Weber & J.
Radical Democracy Feminist Schumpeter)
perspective -C. Wright Mills
(The Power Elite)
 Sir Alviar’s answer

Pluralist Capitalist Leviathan Patriarchal Elitism

Key Individuals are Man is an economic Human beings Men are Men are not equal
Assumptions safer, better off, being (economic are self- dominant There are rulers
have more power in determinism), and interested (few) and ruled
groups he is alienated from individuals, (vast majority,
the fruits of his - knows the irrational). Elites
labor best for their have superior
Economic welfare, attributes and
structure - must be given qualities,
determines social maximum dominate
class (capitalists freedom and resources. Elites
and proletariat), independence are a cohesive
politics Society exists minority
for the
individuals
State Groups are Instrument of the Overbearing Instrument Captured by
building blocks of ruling capitalist nanny, to preserve elites/oligarchs
society class for interventionist- male (iron law of
-balance each oppression. practice of dominance oligarchy)
other, - good for Useful for the influencing
diversity, - proletarian other countries
different interests. revolution until expansionist –
Power is widely state withers away belief that the
dispersed, multiple (stateless country should
centers of power communism) expand territory
self-serving
monster,
detestable evil
Proponents Liberals Marxists Classical Feminists Elitists
- believing that the - believes that the Liberals Wilfredo Pareto,
gov’t should be struggle between (supremacy of Gaetano Mosca,
active in supporting social classes is the the market) Robert Michels
social and political major force in
change history in which
there will be a
classless society
Critique Too naïve – Deterministic – Foster too much Biased, Society offers
showing a lack of caused by things individualism. narrow- opportunities for
experience, happened before Market is not minded, class mobility.
romantic -, aims at and people have no perfect, can be reductionist. Elites are not
equilibrium. ability to make ruthless. Need Failure to cohesive – no
Defends status quo choices or control for the state to for unification. State
(west / liberal (historical regulate, protect mainstream can be
democracy) determinism) the weak Can’t autonomous
Can’t explain Reductionist (welfare states) explain big
unequal structures (economism); does issues, e.g.
of power not recognize other globalization
 There are structural sources of power.
& institutional Empirical Failure
barriers to - no evidence of a
participation Marxist state
Out of touch of
reality
Groups are not
equal in reality
Recent Neo-pluralists Neomarxist New Rights Liberal Power elites,
Strands (capitalists have (Jessop, Gramsci, (liberalization, feminist, managerial elites,
privileged position; Poulantzas vs. privatization, radical epistemic
state can have own Miliband) deregulation) feminists communities –
interests). think tanks,
special elites

INSTITUTIONALISM (Schmidt)

Role of the STATE -

Minimal state – domestic order, enforce contracts and external defense = US, UK

Developmental – partnership with big business for economic growth = Japan, Germany, Asian Tigers

Social-Democratic (welfare states) – state is seen as an ideal instrument that push forward justice and
equality = Austria, Nordic countries

Collectivized – control of economic life – USSR

Totalitarian – all embracing control of societal life = Nazi, Germany, Fascist Italy

State –

rational actor that structures incentives based on interest – Rational choice

Historical product whose origins and development are influenced by political economy – Historical

Socially constructed and culturally framed – Sociological

Product of ideas and discourse by various actors – Discursive

 December 5, 2014

State- Centric Retreat of the State State Transformation/ Critical View

Realists Neo-Marxists, Historical
Liberals, Pluralists Sociologists, Political Economists
Globalization
Sceptics Hyper globalists Globalists
State control the means of violence States are just caretakers of the law States create and regulate markets,
State sets the rules of the game and rights of citizens but markets once created are also
State controls markets and Transnational relations erode state sources of power that may
corporations power constrain states
State-market connection is an
evolving relationship of
interdependence

INSTITUTIONALISM (Schmidt)

Rational Choice Historical Sociological Discursive

Method Deductive Inductive Inductive Inductive

Prediction explanation Explanation Construction
Parsimony thicker Thicker Thick
description description Description
Universalistic Less Trend to be Particularistic
universalistic relativistic
Critique Economically Historically Culturally Highly
deterministic deterministic deterministic voluntaristic
Minor role of Minor Minor Dominant role
agency of agency
State