Immunity

Arnel G. Buencamino, MAN, RN, RM

Instructor IV
College of Nursing
Unit Expected Outcome
Explain the host response to infection and
understand the lines of defense in the body,
including vaccination
• Host Response to Infection
• Lines of Defense
• The Immune System
• Innate Immuni
• Adaptive Immunity
• Humoral Immunity
• Cell-Mediated Immunity
• Vaccination/Immunization
Definition
• immunity is the balanced state
of multicellular organisms having
adequate biological defenses to
fight infection, disease, or other
unwanted biological invasion,
while having adequate tolerance
to avoid allergy, and
autoimmune diseases.
Lines of Defense
STRUCTURE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

1. Primary
(central) lymphoid
organs

2. Secondary
(Peripheral)
lymphoid organs

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 Primary
lymphoid organs

BONE MARROW
• Cell- mediated and humoral immunity (B cells & T cells )

THYMUS
• T-cells mature in here

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 Secondary
lymphoid organs

LYMPH NODES
• Filter out foreign material & circulate the
• lymphocytes

SPLEEN
Produces lymphocytes and plasma cells, filters
blood

MUCOSAL-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT):

Tonsils, appendix,Peyer’s patches of small intestine
> Traps antigen
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 Functions:
• Production
&
Primary maturation
lymphoid of B cells & • B cells & T
organs
T cells cells
encounter
Secondary antigens
lymphoid through
organs their
receptors
and
trapped
 Innate Immunity

Physical Chemical
• Skin • Lysozome
• mucous membranes, • Gastric Juice
• hair, • Saliva
• cilia, • Acidity
• urine, • Sebum
• defecation • Hyaluronic Acid
• vomiting.
Nonspecific Resistance (Innate Immunity)
• Phagocytes
• Inflammation
• Fever
Specific Resistance (Acquired/Adaptive Immunity)
• Lymphocytes
• T Cells
• B Cells
Acquired/ Adaptive Immunity
• B Cells
• T Cells
B Cells
• made in the Bone Marrow,
hence the name “B” Cells
• then move to the Lymphatic
System
• Matures when it encounters an
Antigen
• Accelerated response upon re-
exposure to same antigen – w/
IgM & IgD on surface
T Cells
• Once formed in the bone
marrow, T progenitor cells
migrate to the thymus (hence
the name “T cell”)
• Around 60% to 80% of
circulating lymphocytes
• T helper cells – promote
inflammation & antibody
production
• Cytotoxic cell T cells – recognize
& kill virus-infected cells, tumor
cells & foreign cells
Humoral Immunity
• is the immunity from serum antibodies produced by plasma cells.
Cell-Mediated Immunity
• can be acquired through T cells from someone who is immune to the
target disease or infection.
Bacteria and Diseases
Unit Expected Outcomes
• Describe the process involve in infectious and non infectious diseases,
it’s causation, routes and classification
Koch's Postulate
Koch's postulates are as follows:

• The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease.

• The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and
grown in pure culture.
• The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the
bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
• The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected
host.