Superstructure Instructions General

Superstructure instructions
Volvo Truck Corporation

Göteborg, Sweden General
Vehicle type Date Chapter Page
Contents FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.0 1(2)
Date Revised
Contents 1.0
Introduction 1.10 10.00 x
Scope
Warranty
Correct installation
Forbidden
Updating
Feedback reports FM, FH, NH
Product information 1.20 10.00 x
Vehicles
Cab
Chassis frame
Front axles/Front axle installations
Rear axles/Rear axle installations
Hydraulically steered pusher axle
Battery maintenance
Update VDA
Superstructure types 1.30
Torsionally flexible superstructures
Semi-torsionally rigid superstructures
Torsionally rigid superstructures
Attachment 1.40 10.00 x
Sub-frame/helper frame
Mounting heavy components
General rules for superstructures
Pre-drilled holes
Extra holes
Attachments/Recommended attachments
Fasteners
Welding
End member
TSP146048
ENG08793 English
Printed in Sweden
Page 2
Calculations and loads 1.50 10.00 x

Superstructure calculations
Load distribution
Vehicle type Date Section Page
Introduction FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.10 1(3)
Introduction
Scope
These instructions apply to superstructures for FM7,
FM10, FM12, FH12, NH12 and FH16.
C9000063
T9007310
Page 2
Warranty
The validity of the Volvo Warranty can expire if the in-
structions in these instructions are not followed.
The fitting of superstructures that are not covered by

these instructions, can be approved by Volvo Trucks Cor-
poration. An application for approval should be submitted
by your Volvo importer.
T9007204
Correct installation
The goal of a superstructure is a complete vehicle that
carries out the work in question safely, rationally, and
economically. These superstructure instructions have
been drawn up with the same overall goal.
Note: These instructions are applicable from a technical

viewpoint but due consideration must also be given to
applicable national and local laws and regulations.
Forbidden
It is strictly forbidden to undo riveted joints that attach
and align suspension and axles on the chassis for the
purpose of using these joints for further purposes, such
as fitting the lower parts of brackets for attaching super-
structure, etc.
T9007292
Updating
The transport adaptation department at Volvo Truck Cor-
poration, Göteborg, Sweden together with Product
Support at Volvo, Curitiba, Brazil, is responsible for up-
dating the contents of these recommendations. If you
require further information, please contact your local
Volvo dealer or importer.
Superstructure instructions General
Introduction FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.10 3(3)
Feedback reports FM, FH, NH

One of our goals is that Volvo superstructure instructions should be as user-friendly
as possible. They shall give access to correct and suitable information which covers
all relevant areas.
To be able to maintain the high standard in our technical documentation, we would

value your opinion and comments about this manual after you have used.
If you have any recommendations, please make a copy of the relevant page and
write down your comments/suggestions etc. and sent them to us, either by fax or
post directly to the address given below.
Your comments will be received with much gratitude, but Volvo will not enter into any
direct correspondence about them. This channel is only intended for comments
about the superstructure instructions. Technical enquiries shall be sent to your local
dealer and national importer in the first instance, as previously.
To From
Volvo Truck Corporation ....................................................................................

Dept. 26452 26452 ....................................................................................
Place: AB3 ....................................................................................
SE-405 08 GÖTEBORG ....................................................................................
Sweden ....................................................................................
Fax: +46 31 226203 ....................................................................................
Or to
Volvo do Brasil Veículos Ltda.

Publicações Técnicas
Caixa postal 660
CEP: 80011-970
Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil
Fax: +55 41 317 8605
Comments/suggestions
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................
Concerns chapter: ..........................................................................................................................................................
Product information FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.20 1(19)
Product information
The variant designations that are important for superstructure and chassis height are
described in this section.
Vehicles
The type of vehicle is described using the cab and en-
gine volume.
FM7, FM10, FM12 FH12, FH16

F = Forward-built cab (Forward) F = Forward-built cab (Forward)
M = Medium instep (Medium) H = High instep (High)
7, 10, 12 = 7, 10, 12-litre engine 12, 16 = 12, 16-litre engine
T9006049
T9007207
T9006050
T9007208
NH12
N = Normal-built cab (Normal)
H = High instep (High)
12 = 12-litre engine
C9000064
C9000065
Page 2
Cab
The forward cabs are manufactured with two lengths, L1
and L2, as well as two heights, H1 and H2, for FM, NH
and with 3 heights, H1, H2 and H3 for FH.
The short cab, L1, is only available with the low height
H1.
FM
T9007209 T9007210
T9007211
L1H1 = Day cab L2H1 = Sleeper cab L2H2 = Globetrotter
FH
T9006417 T9006418
T9006419 T9006621
L1H1 = Day cab L2H1 = Sleeper cab L2H2 = Globetrotter L2H3 = Globetrotter XL
NH
C9000070 C9000071
C9000072
L1H1 = Day cab L2H1 = Sleeper cab L2H2 = Globetrotter
Chassis frame
Frame width and height above ground
On FM, FH and NH trucks, the chassis frame side mem-
bers are parallel from the cab and backwards, with an
overall width of 850 mm.
T9006084
The height of the chassis, from the ground to the upper

edge of the chassis frame (xxx below), is specified be-
low with a nominal load. The value of xxx is influenced
by the variables, chassis height and the combinations of
wheels/tyres.
The designations are stated as follows:
T9006085
CHH-xxx = Designates chassis height

CHH = Chassis height (CHassis Height)
xxx = Approx. chassis height in mm (variants
of 810, 850, 900, 1010 and STD- 1050
mm)
Page 4
Normal chassis height is designated CHH-STD (nominal

1050 mm). The heavy duty bogies TR1 and TR2 (for an
explanation of the bogy designations, please refer to
Section 1.20 “Rear axles/Rear axle installations”) are in-
tended for CHH-STD, but the TR2 bogy is also available
for TRH ”high chassis”- type and has the designation:
TRHT-xxx = Designates chassis height

TRHT = (T-Ride HeighT)
xxx = BAS TR1/TR2 TRACTOR and RIGID
taper leaf and multi-leaf springs 1050
mm
HIG TR2 RIGID, multi-leaf springs
1110 mm
These designations for chassis height shown above are

only intended as guidance and do not replace the spe-
cific dimensions shown on the chassis drawings.
The chassis height shown on the respective chassis

drawings is for the standard chassis. Certain variants,
such as rear anti-roll bar, can cause an increase in chas-
sis height.
On vehicles with air suspension, the chassis height is af-
fected when the driving position is adjusted.
The other variants of chassis height which occur are

found under Section 2.10 ”Installation, rigid truck,
general”.
Frame profiles
The chassis frames are made from high-strength steel. All frames have a flange width of 90 mm
Their front section is bent outwards to accommodate the
cab and engine, and has the same material thickness in FRAME55 is a 5 mm thick reinforcement profile adapted
the web and the flanges. to suit the frame profiles with a height of 300 mm.
There are three different frame thicknesses: FRAME77 and FRAME88 can be reinforced with
FRAME55 along a part of their length or along their
• FRAME66 is 6 mm whole length up to the rear front spring anchorage.
• FRAME77 is 7 mm • FRAME77 + LINERP/ FRAME88 + LINER-P are re-

inforced along part of the frame, P stands for Partly
• FRAME88 is 8 mm (often above the bogy).
There are three different frame heights:
• FRAME77F / FRAME88F are reinforced along the
whole frame, F stands for Full.
• FRAMELOW is 266 mm high
• FRAMEMED is 275 mm high
• FRAMEHIG is 300 mm high
T9007334
(FRAME77 + LINERP, FRAME88 +LINERP)

Page 6
Front axles/Front axle installations

FM and FH trucks have single or double front axles. NH
have only single front axles. FAL denotes the allowed
front axle load in tonnes.
The size of the permitted loads are specified in Section

2.10 ”Installation, rigid truck, general”.
Front axle load

The front axle load is designated as follows:
FALxx
FAL = Front axle load
(Front Axle Load)
xx = Maximum design load in tonnes
(chocie 6.0, 6.3, 6.7, 7.1, 8.0, 8.6, 9.0,
13.0, 16.0 and 17.4)
C9000066
Front axle height

The front axle height is designated as follows:
FA -xx
FA = Front axle (Front Axle)
xx = LOW (low axle clearance to ground, high
offset +160 mm)
HIGH (high axle clearance to ground, T9007212
low offset +90 mm) FA-LOW and FA-HIGH
STRAI (very high axle clearance to

ground, no offset)
Front axle installations

The front axle/axles are installed with air suspension or
leaf springs. The installations are designated as follows:
FST -xxx
FST = Type of front axle suspension (Front
Suspension Type)
xxx = AIR (air suspension with 2 air bellows)
PAR (taper leaf springs)
MUL (multi-leaf springs)
T9007213
FST-AIR Standard chassis height CHH-STD

Examples of front axle installations

FST-AIR
FST-AIR has a single front axle. AIR denotes air sus-
pension with 2 air bellows.
T9007214
FST-AIR Low chassis height for high vol-

ume CHH-810 (TRACTOR)
CHH-850 (RIGID)
FST-PAR
FST-PAR has a single or double front axle. PAR denotes
suspension with taper leaf springs.
T9007219
FST-PAR Single front axle
T9007220
FST-PAR Double front axle

Page 8
FST-MUL
FST-MUL has a single or double front axle. MUL de-
notes suspension with multi-leaf springs.
T9007221
FST-MUL Single front axle
T9007222
FST-MUL Double front axle

Rear axles/Rear axle installations

There are two types of rear axle installations, single or
double, with drive on one or two axles. The axles have
air suspension or leaf spring suspension.
Permitted loads are specified in Section 2.10 ”Installa-

tion, rigid truck, general”.
Rear axle load

The rear axle loads are designated as follows:
RAL-xx
RAL = Rear axle load (Rear Axle/axles Load)
xx = Maximum allowed load in tonnes
(choice 11.5, 13, 17, 18, 18.5, 19, 20,
21, 26 and 32)
C9000067
Rear axle installations

The rear axle/axles is installed with leaf spring or air
suspension. The installations are designated as follows:
RA -xx
RA = Rear axle installation (Rear Axle installa-
tion)
xx = Rear axle/axles in order from the front,
where:
D = Driving axle (Drive axle)
DD = Double driving axles (Double Drive
axles)
DT = Trailing axle (Drive Tag axle)
PD = Pusher axle (Pusher Drive axle)
Page 10
Examples of rear axle installations

A list of axle installations can be found in Section 2.10
”Installation, rigid truck, general”.
RAD-A4
RAD-A4 has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle).
Installation A4 denotes air suspension (Air suspension)

with 4 bellows. 4x2 RIGID and TRACTOR.
Available in versions with low height for volume trans-

port, CHH-850 for RIGID and CHH-810 for TRACTOR.
T9007224
RAD-L90
RAD-L90 has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle).
Installation L90 denotes leaf spring suspension (Leaf

suspension) with 90 mm wide leaf springs. 4x2 RIGID
and TRACTOR.
Low weight with only minor longitudinal axle movement

when axle suspension is fully depressed.
T9007225
RAPD-A6, PA-FIX
RAPD-A6, PA-FIX has a single, air sprung pusher axle
(Pusher axle) and a single driving rear axle (Drive rear
axle). The pusher axle is fixed in place (PA-FIX). 6x2
TRACTOR.

with 6 bellows (2 for pusher axle and 4 for the drive axle).
Bogy load unevenly distributed.
Primarily intended for long-haul transport on good roads.

Available in a version with low chassis height CHH-900.
T9007226
Allows containers to be transported without exceeding a

total height of 4 m.
RAPD-A6, PA-STEER
RAPD-A6, PA-STEER has a single, air sprung pusher
axle (Pusher axle) and a single driving rear axle (Drive
rear axle). The pusher axle is also hydraulically steered
(PA-STEER). FM 6x2 Rigid.
with 6 bellows (2 for pusher axle and 4 for the drive axle).
Mainly intended for long wheelbase trucks, to facilitate

manouevering.
T9007474
RADT-A6
RADT-A6 has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle)
and a single, air sprung trailing axle (trailing Tag axle).
6x2/8x2 RIGID and 6x2 TRACTOR.

with 6 bellows (4 for the driving axle and 2 for the trailing
axle).
Primarily intended for fast long-haul transport on good

roads.
T9007227
RADT-A6S
RADT-A6S has a single, driving rear axle (Drive rear
axle) and a single trailing axle with air suspension (trail-
ing Tag axle), which also steers with the front wheels.

The steering angle does not exceed 16 , which improves
manouverability. The steering function is blocked during
reversing and at road speeds above 30 km/h.
Installation A6S designates air suspension (Air suspen-

sion) with 6 bellows (4 for the driving axle and 2 for the
trailing axle) plus a trailing axle which steers with the
front wheels (Steerable tag axle).

roads and for distribution transport. T9007475
Page 12
RADT-A8
RADT-A8 has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle)
and a single, fixed trailing axle (trailing Tag axle). 6x2
RIGID.

with 8 bellows (4 for each axle).
Bogy load evenly or unevenly distributed.
Primarily designed for long-haul transport on good roads.
Used on chassis with low and standard height, CHH-850

and CHH-STD respectively, for transports with large
volumes.
T9007228
RADT-LA
RADT-LA has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle)
with a single, pneumatic lift, steering trailing axle. 6x2
RIGID.
Installation LA denotes combined, leaf spring, driving

axle (Leaf-spring drive axle) and air suspension trailing
axle Air suspended tag-axle).

roads.
T9007229
RADT-AR
RADT-AR has a single driving rear axle (Drive rear axle)
and a single, hydraulic lift, trailing axle (trailing Tag axle).
Installation AR designates A-Ride leaf spring suspen-

sion.
Intended for general heavy-duty operation on all types of

roads.
T9007215
RADD-A8
RADD-A8 has double driving rear axles (Double Drive
rear axles). 6x4/8x4 RIGID and 6x4 TRACTOR.

with 8 bellows (4 for each axle).
Bogy load evenly or unevenly distributed.

Intended for heavy and fast long-haul transport on good
roads.
T9007216
RADD-BR
RADD-BR has double driving rear axles (Double Drive
rear axles).
Installation BR designates B-Ride taper leaf spring sus-

pension 6x4/8x4 RIGID and 6x4 TRACTOR.
Heavy-duty bogy with evenly distributed bogy load.
Intended for long-haul transport on average roads.
T9007217
Page 14
RADD-TR
TR1 TRHT-BAS
RADD-TR1 TRHT-BAS has double driving rear axles
(Double Drive rear axles).
Installation TR designates T-Ride leaf spring suspen-

sion. TR1 75 mm wide taper leaf springs or normal 90
mm wide multi-leaf springs.
TRHT denotes T-ride height (T-Ride HeighT).
BAS denotes version with standard basic height (BASic

height version). 6x4/8x4 RIGID and 6x4 TRACTOR.
Heavy-duty bogy with evenly distributed bogy load.

T9007218
Intended for heavy transport.
RADD-TR2 TRHT-BAS
TR2 TRHT-BAS has double driving rear axles (Double
Drive rear axles).
Installation TR denotes T-ride leaf spring suspension (T-

Ride leaf-spring suspension). TR2 standard 90 mm wide
multi-leaf springs. 6x4/8x4 RIGID and TRACTOR.
TRHT denotes T-ride height (T-Ride HeighT).
BAS denotes version with standard basic height (BASic

height version).
Bogy load evenly distributed for heaviest load.
Intended for the heaviest types of transport.

T9007230
TR2 TRHT-HIG
TR2 TRHT-HIG has double driving rear axles (Double
Drive rear axles).
Installation TR designates T-Ride leaf spring suspen-

sion. TR2 standard 90 mm wide multi-leaf springs.
TRHTdenotes T-ride height (T-Ride HeighT).
HIG designates HIGh version (BAS +60 mm).
Bogy load evenly distributed for heaviest load.
Intended for the heaviest types of off-road transport at

construction sites, etc.
T9007230
Hydraulically steered pusher axle
T6007788
General
The object of the pusher axle’s steering system is to
transfer the steering movements from the front axle to
the pusher axle by means of hydraulic power. The
pusher axle is steered by means of the vehicle’s
standard servo system. The power is transferred via hy-
draulic lines from a master cylinder to a centering
cylinder, which in turn activates the pusher axle.
The pusher axle is a front axle of the FRAX-BAS type.

For a description of FRAX-BAS, see service information
group 60, ”Wheel suspension and steering FM, FH”.
For more detailed information about hydraulic steering of T6007706
the pusher axle, service and repair instructions, please

refer to service information group 64.
Page 16
To take into consideration when building

Since the pusher axle steering system is a closed sys-
tem that works under high pressure, the following must
be taken into consideration:
Warning: The pusher axle control system is con-

stantly under pressure (15 bar), even when the engine
is stationary. For this reason, be particularly careful to
observe the instructions, to avoid personal injury,
product or equipment damage. Negligence can lead
to minor or moderate personal injury or damage
to product.
Warning: Avoid interfering with the pusher axle’s

steering system. If work has to be conducted, the
pressure in the steering system must first be re-
lieved.
For information on how the system is relieved of pres-
sure and then filled, vented and pressurised, see
service information group 645, ”Hydraulically steered
pusher axle, function check ”.
Warning: When the pusher axle is not used it can

be lifted up from ground level. The pusher axle will
turn with the front axle even when lifted up. For this
reason observe care when working in the vicinity of
the pusher axle.
Important: Use protective equipment, such as gloves

and goggles, since there is a risk that grease, oil and
chemicals could damage your skin and eyes. Oils and
grease can cause acne and eczema. A used, impure
lubricant is more dangerous than an unused, pure lubri-
cant.
Important: Dirt in the steering system can cause mal-

functioning of the steering. All work on the steering
system must therefore be conducted under extremely
clean conditions.
Note: When the superstructure is mounted there must be

sufficient space to access the pressure accumulator, test
nipples and filler nipples for future maintenance work.
Battery maintenance
General
Truck batteries are components which are subjected to a
very high degree of wear. A common misconception is
that the current is turned off as soon as the starter key is
switched off. This is not the case, there still remain loads
that receive voltage and consume current. Examples of
such loads are the tachograph, radio and clocks. If the
delivery service has been implemented, the tachograph
is powered up even when the main switch is turned off.
The rest voltage of the battery at different values of elec-

trolyte density, is shown in the table. The rest voltage is
the battery voltage when it is idle, i.e. no charge or dis-
charge. The rest voltage for a start battery is 2.12 V/cell.
This corresponds to 12.72 V, when the specific gravity of

the acid is 1.28 g/cm3, for 12 V start battery at +25 C.
The percentage under voltage gives the battery charge,
i.e. the amount of capacity left.
T9007328
The specific gravity level of the acid should be

within the marked area.
SOC (State Of Charge).
Page 18
Maintenance-free batteries Caution: Batteries discharge highly inflammable hydro-

Maintenance-free batteries. gen gas. If inflamed by fire or sparkles, the gas can
explode violently, spilling the acid (electrolyte), splitting
Since they do not need to be refilled with water, the the battery, and probably causing serious personal in-
maintenance-free batteries are not provided with the injuries. Therefore, whenever working on or inspecting
let nozzles or nipples found on conventional batteries. batteries, protective glasses and gloves should be used;
avoid sparkling when turning on/off battery cables; in
Test indicator case of direct contact with the acid (electrolyte), wash
the area up with abundant flowing water.
The test indicator assembled on the battery cap has a
transparent rod dived in the electrolyte. There is a”cage” Danger: Never reload a battery when the test indi-
fixed on the lower rod end, with a green ball inside it. As cator is light yellow (explosion risk); replace it by
charge changes, the green ball can move downwards or another one!
upwards within the”cage”. When battery charge is 65 %
or more, the green ball floats up, touching the rod edge.
When looking at the test indicator, a green point can be
Important comments and notes
seen. • Do not turn or incline the battery excessively.

Never
incline it to an angle greater than 45 . In this event,
When battery load is below 65 %, the green ball sinks in there can be a leakage of acid (electrolyte) through
the electrolyte, and remains at the bottom of the”cage”. the battery cap vents.
The test indicator gets a dark appearance, and the
green point disappears. • Never obstruct the battery cap vents.
If the level of electrolyte gets below the test indicator • When disconnecting the batteries, first switch off the
lower edge, the test indicator will get pale or light yellow. black cable (-) and, later, the red cable (+). When
Under normal conditions, the electrolyte level will only connecting the batteries, connect the cables in re-
fall below the rod edge after battery life-time end. The verse order.
abnormal conditions which can cause a premature elec-
trolyte loss are: • Never disconnect the batteries with the engine run-
ning for there is a risk of damage in the alternator
and other electronic components.
• Careless handling, with resulting cracking or break-
ing of the battery box, with consequent electrolyte
leakage. • Disconnect the battery cables if the vehicle is not to
be used for a long period of time.
• Battery inclination above 45 degrees in either direc-
• Avoid installing a conventional battery together with
tion, provoking leakage through the vent hole.
a maintenance-free battery.
• Reloading high voltage caused by faulty loading
• Even though the batteries are free of maintenance,
system, thus resulting in overloading.
lubricate the poles with vaseline and check their at-
tachments regularly.
• Overloading of an external re-loader.
Note: There is only one test indicator in each battery.
The indicator may show three different colors, which

mean:
1 Green point visible - when battery load is above

65%.
2 Dark color - green point is not visible - when bat-

tery load is below 65%, which means it must be
reloaded.
3 Light yellow - when the battery is totally unloaded

(end of its life-time) or faulty (electrolyte leakage),
and must therefore be replaced.
Advice on care and maintenance

The service life of the battery is very much dependent
on how it is looked after and maintained. The tips below
should help to avoid unnecessary operational distur-
bances.
• Use the battery as little as possible. Discharging

over a long period means that the battery runs the
risk of being damaged. During normal charging, the
charge current should be 8-10% of the numerical
value of battery capacity, expressed in Ampere
hours (Ah). For example, a battery with a capacity of
170 Ah should be charged with a current of approx.
17 A.
• As long as the truck is not used in regular traffic, the

main switch must be turned off. This also applies
when the vehicle is at a standstill for a longer period
(more than 14 days). If the truck does not have a
main switch, remove the connector from the battery
negative pole.
• When the superstructure installer delivers the truck

to the customer, the specific gravity of the acid must
be checked. This should be between 1.25-1.29

g/cm3 at +25 C. If you measure the voltage, this
should be between 12.54-12.78 V, and should be
measured at least 24 hours after charging is com-
pleted.
• The fluid level in the cells should be 10 mm above

the plates. Top up with distilled water when
necessary.
Page 20
Update VDA
VDA is a database used globally by Volvo. When a vehi-
cle is built, a large amount of information about the
vehicle is saved in the database.
It is essential that VDA is kept up to date. If the informa-

tion in VDA is not correct or is missing, this could lead to
difficulties in providing aftermarket support for the truck.
If any changes or modifications are done, which could

affect the control units or the K value of the tachograph,
the VDA should be updated. For example, when replac-
ing a fuel tank, when changing the wheelbase or tyre
dimensions. Contact the marketing company in question,
if necessary.
Superstructure types FM, FH, NH 00.10 1.30 1(2)
Superstructure types
Superstructures can be classified depending on their tor-
sional stiffness. The chassis frame has a relatively low
torsional stiffness and gently follows the road/ground.
The advantage is that the load from the road is min-
imised. However, a superstructure generally has a much
greater torsional stiffness. But the difference in torsional
stiffness between various types of superstructure, can
also be considerable.
Superstructures can be divided up into three groups,

namely torsionally flexible, semi-torsionally rigid, and tor-
sionally rigid.
Torsionally flexible superstructures

Concrete agitators, tippers, rigid platforms, and load
changers, are examples of torsionally flexible
superstructures.
T9007238
Semi-torsionally rigid superstructures

Timber banks, timber platforms, skip lifters, concrete
pumps, demountables, front-loading refuse collectors,
and van bodies, are all examples of semi-torsionally rigid
superstructures.
C9000062
Page 2
Torsionally rigid superstructures

Tankers, bulk carriers, slurry suction tankers, and
rear-loading refuse collectors, are all designated as tor-
sionally rigid superstructures.
T9007386
Attachment FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.40 1(20)
Attachment
To obtain a good and durable attachment of the super-
structure, it is important:
• To design the sub-frame/helper frame according to

the instructions.
• To use the superstructure attachments recom-

mended by Volvo.
• To use the recommended material qualities and

working methods.
• To design screwed and welded joints in accordance

with the recommendations.
• To use the pre-punched holes in the chassis as far

as possible.
• If extra holes have to be drilled, this should be done

in accordance with the following instructions.
Page 2
Sub-frame/helper frame
General
The sub-frame/helper frame is the part of the superstruc-
ture which distributes the load evenly on the chassis. It
gives an interface for attaching on the chassis and pro-
vides clearance above the chassis package. It should
also clear the mudguards above the wheels and tyres
during suspension movement and chassis twisting.
Volvo recommends U-channels or other open type pro-

files for the sub-frame/helper frame.
This applies to both the longitudinal and cross members.

The sub-frame/helper frame should start as close to the
cab as possible. The front end should be angled 1:2 and
the lower edge should be rounded with a radius of 5 mm.
Using these designs and profiles ensures that the flexibil-
ity of the chassis is retained. This prevents unacceptable
T9006138
forces being transferred to the load and superstructure
and leads to maintained drivability and driving comfort.
If more than one profile type (i.e. box section and chan-
nel section) is used in constructing a sub-frame, the
transition from one profile to another must be made gen-
tle and progressive, to avoid stress concentrations
(please refer to the illustration).
The sub-frame/helper frame must be in close contact

with the chassis frame. Any gaps must be adjusted be-
fore assembly. The sub-frame/helper frame must not be
forced down on to the chassis frame.
T9006665
Cut the front end of the sub-frame/helper frame at

an angle of 1:2 and round off the underneath with a
radius of min A = 5 mm
T9007233
Transition U-channel to box section

Helper frame
A helper frame is used when the chassis needs to be rein-
forced, such as in crane applications.
The helper frame is always fixed to the chassis by means

of attachment plates, located along the area which
needs to be reinforced. The attachment plates shall be
located at centres not exceeding 1.000 mm please refer
to Section 1.40 “Distance between hole groups”.
The attachment plates shall be fixed to the chassis by at

least 3 rivets, huckbolts or driven screws, please refer to
Section 1.40 “Fasteners”. If the previously punched holes
in the chassis are used, the screw dimension should be
M16. If new holes are drilled, M14 can be used.
The plates are attached to the helper-fame by either

welding in place or fixing with at least 3 rivets, huckbolts
or driven screws. If the previously punched holes in the
chassis are used, the screw dimension should be M16. If
new holes are drilled, M14 can be used.
The steel grade in a helper frame is superior to a sub- T9007476

frame, please refer to Section 1.40 “Material”.
Example of a helper frame
T9007477
Example of a helper frame

Page 4
Sub-frame
A sub-frame is used when extra clearance is needed
over mudguards and wheels. The sub-frame distributes
the load down to the chassis and gives sufficient
strength to the superstructure. The sub-frame is part of
the superstructure and does not reinforce the chassis.
Depending on the superstructure and driving conditions,
the front section of the sub-frame is fixed to the chassis
by means of various kinds of jointed fasteners (hinged,
flexible, one way etc.) The rear section of the sub-frame
is fixed by tie plates.
The anchorages and the tie plates are fixed to the chas-
sis by screws of dimension M14. The superstructure is
fixed to the sub-frame by means of screws or is welded
to the anchorages/tie plates.
For information about anchorages and tie plates for each
application, please refer to Section 2 ”Installation, rigid
truck”.
The steel grade in a sub-frame frame is inferior to a
T9007477
helper frame, please refer to Section 1.40 “Material”.
Example of a sub-frame
Material
The material in a sub-frame/helper frame must have at
least the following grades:
Standard Sub-frame Helper

frame
Swedish SS 141312 142134
Interna- ISO 630 FE 360 B F 355DD1
tional
German DIN17100 St 37-2 St E355
French NF A35- E 24-2 NE E-355
501
British BS 4360 40 B 50 D
CE EN 10117 S235JRG2 S355N
Aluminium alloy may also be used as the material in a

sub-frame.
If any other material is used in a sub-frame, it must have

the following properties:
Min. yield stress 380 N/mm2

Min. ultimate stress 490 N/mm2
Mounting heavy components

Heavy components such as batteries, fuel tanks, spare
wheels, tail lifts, hydraulic tanks, compressors etc. sub-
ject the chassis to heavy loads.
When mounting or moving heavy components, the fol-

lowing applies:
• Locate the component as close as possible to a

cross member, see the figure (max. 250 mm from
the centre of the bracket(s) for the heavy compo-
nents to the nearest, last attachment hole for the
cross member’s end piece). T9006664
Heavy component close to the cross member

or
• Position the component as close as possible to a

cross member and distribute the torsional forces on
the chassis by fitting an inside or outside reinforcing
plate that is large enough to minimise the stresses
in the web of the side member, see figure.
• Use flat washers under the nuts on the inside of the

chassis (min 200 HB).
• Use a sufficient number of bolts and a large attach-

ment area, to minimise the stresses in the web of
the side member. T9006628
Inner and outer reinforcement plates

• The un-threaded section of the screw shaft should
continue through the chassis, attachment plates, re-
inforcement plates and cross member, to limit
movements to a minimum. Please refer to the illus-
tration.
• Regarding hole centre distances, please refer to

Section 1.40 “Pre-drilled holes” and Section 1.40
“Extra holes”.
T9006627
Length of un-threaded section of screw
A Bracket
B Washer
Page 6
General rules for superstructures

• At least 30% of the gross weight of the truck should
be on the steering axles when the truck is unloaded,
to avoid changes in steering properties.
• At least 20% of the gross weight of the truck should

be on the steering axles when the truck is fully
loaded, to avoid changes in steering properties.
Local national legislation can replace this rule.
• The superstructure must be designed so that the

difference in weight between each side does not ex-
ceed 3%. If the difference is greater than 3%, the
vehicle may lean over.
T9007234
• Minimum distances between the cab and the super-

structure of 50 mm behind and 75 mm above the
cab, are required. This should be measured with the
cab in its normal resting position.
• The superstructure must not prevent checks and

maintenance work being done on the chassis and
components.
• It is recommended that there is a service hatch in

the floor of fixed superstructures for certain variants
of gearboxes and PTOs. This should be large
enough to permit free access to the gear change
components when the Geartronic gearbox variant is
installed, and corresponding accessibility if a non
clutch-dependent power take-off is installed at the
rear of the engine.
• The superstructure must give sufficient clearance for T9007235
tyres and wheels during suspension movements Geartronic A = 500 mm, B = 500 mm
and twisting. Clutch-independent A = 500 mm, B = 300 mm
This can be checked on the individual chassis
drawings.
Pre-drilled holes
There are pre-drilled holes in the web of the chassis
frames for attaching the superstructure and reference
holes to facilitate measuring on the chassis.
Attachment holes
On FRAMEHIG (300 mm hog frame) the pre-drilled
holes are found in groups of 2, 4 or 6 pcs Ø15.5 mm
holes. The anchorages recommended by Volvo are de-
signed to suit these holes.
The positions of the hole groups on different chassis are

shown on the drawings in Section 2.10. ”Pre-punched
holes” and also on the foldouts at the end of Chapter 2.
T9006614
Reference holes
The reference holes for measuring are located 860 mm
behind the front axle in the FM/FH vehicles and 2210
mm in the NH vechicles, and over the rear axles.
T9007236
C9000117
Page 8
Extra holes
Restrictions
N.B. It is absolutely forbidden to drill or make holes in
any other way in the chassis frame flanges, as this
creates unacceptable stress concentrations. The only ex-
ception is when repositioning the closing cross member
in the overhang.
T9006607
Permitted extra holes

Extra holes may be drilled in the chassis frame webs,
see below:
• For attachment purposes, at the end of the rear

overhang.
• For superstructures which need more attachment

points than offered by the pre-drilled holes, such as
a cab-mounted crane.
• For a superstructure which for some reason cannot

utilise the pre-drilled holes.
T9007237
Work method
• Protect piping and electric cables.
• The distance between a hole and the frame flange

or between two adjacent holes, must not be less
than the minimum stated below.
The hole diameter should normally be:
Ø14.3 mm if reinforcement is not needed.
Ø13.8 mm if the chassis needs reinforcement

(M14 screws).
Max Ø17 mm for purposes other than fixing,

such as cable transitions.
If new holes have to be drilled closer than 50 mm from

existing holes, the old holes should be welded shut. See
Section 1.40 “Plugging holes by welding”.
Distance between hole groups

2-hole groups 400-600 mm 4/6-hole groups 800-1000 mm
T9006148
T9006149
Page 10
Attachments/Recommended attachments
Five types of attachments are used for securing super-
structures. These are: hinged, flexible one-way, elastic
one-way, elastic two-way and tie plates The flexible one-
way attachment is a pivoted joint using diaphragm
springs. The elastic one-way is a pivoted attachment with
a coil spring. Regarding fitting of the attachments on the
chassis frame, please refer to Section 1.40 “Fasteners”.
Pivoted Flexible one-way
T9007416 T9007417
Elastic one-way Elastic two-way
T9006082
T9007294
There are two types of attachment plates, two standard

plates, two heavier plates and a reinforced variant for
heavier applications, RADD-BR/TR.
All attachment plates fit the pre-punched anchorage hole

groups. The extra pair of holes can be used if they coin-
cide with holes for roof brackets etc.
Special end of frame attachment plates are required for

certain superstructures. These are described in Chapter
2, ”Installations, Rigids”.
Standard Standard
attachment plate attachment plate
(welded) (bolted)
T9007478 T9007479
Medium Medium Strong
attachment plate attachment plate attachment plate
(stronger, plug-welded) (stronger, bolted) (reinforced, plug-welded)
T9007336 T9007506 T9007337

Page 12
The upper part of the pivoted attachments should be fit-

ted to the sub-frame with the lower edge overlapping the
chassis frame by 30 mm to guide the sub-frame against
the chassis frame.
Dimensioned drawings of the attachments can be found

at the end of Section 2, ”Installations, Rigids”.
The attachments recommended for a specific super-

structure can be found in Section 1.40 “Recommended
attachments”.
The pre–drilled holes in the chassis for superstructure

anchorage are noted in Section 2.10 ”Installation, rigid
truck, general”.
Recommendations for welding, see Section 1.40 T8006440
“Welding”.
Recommended attachments
Superstructures shall be fixed so that the complete vehi- movement possibilities relative to the road/ground as far
cle: as possible.
• has good driving characteristics. For the most rigid superstructures, flexible two-way at-
• has sufficient stability and strength. tachments are used along the whole length of the frame.
• is capable of carrying out the transport work safely. The superstructure must be able to move relative to the
chassis frame. The more rigid the superstructure, the
Twisting and sideways movements are greatest behind greater the movement required. With the exception of the
the cab. They diminish the further back along the truck most rigid superstructures, attachment plates are used
one goes. In addition to the these movements, length- along the rear section of the sub-frame/helper frame.
ways and sideways forces must be absorbed by the
anchorages.
Along the front part of the sub-frame/helper frame, the

attachments should be pivoted to retain the chassis
Torsion- Superstructure Attachment

ally
flexible Front section Rear section
Road conditions Road conditions

Good Poor Good Poor
(OP-klass 1) (OP-klass 2/3) (OP-klass 1) (OP-klass 2/3)
Concrete mixer Pivoted Flexible one-way Standard plate First position piv-
Tip oted
Rigid platform
Load changer Medium thickness
Flat bed with tilt or heavy plate
Timber bank Pivoted Flexible one-way Standard plate First position piv-
Timber and sugar oted
cane platform
Timber bed Medium thickness
Lift dumper or heavy plate
Concrete pumps
Skip lifter
Concrete pumps Flexible one-way Elastic one-way Standard plate First position piv-
Box (very stiff) oted
Rubbish collection
body (side and Medium thickness
front mounted) or heavy plate
Bulk carrier Flexible two-way Flexible two-way Flexible one-way Flexible two-way
Rubbish collection and/or Medium
body (rear thickness or heavy
Torsion- mounted) plate
ally stiff
Slurry tanker Flexible two-way Flexible two-way Flexible two-way Flexible two-way
Tank
Note: For some of the positions in the table above, a The operation classes are subdivided as follows:
choice of attachments can be made. Where a choice of
attachment is given, refer to Section 2, ”Installation, OP-klass 1 Highway operation (European and
Rigid truck”, for a specific selection of the attachment North American standard)
depending on the type of superstructure and bogy.
OP-klass 2 Medium roads (South American stan-
Note: The above table specifies the minimum re- dard) or Mixed driving (on/off main
quirements. More flexible anchorages or stronger roads)
plates can be selected.
OP-klass 3 Driving on site
Page 14
Fasteners
Material and dimensions
Screws and nuts (part no. 963110 for M16 and 971085
for M14) for superstructure anchorage shall have at least
strength class 8.8. Washers underneath shall have at
least hardness HB 200.
The superstructure should normally be fixed to the chas-

sis with M14 screws. In some cases, M16 bolts should
be used. M16 screws 180 mm (part no. 955381) should
be used for joints between the upper and lower sections
T9006074
of jointed anchorages.
Screws on a flexible, one-way joint should be 200 mm

long (part no. 955382) to provide space for the di-
aphragm springs.
The diaphragm springs for these anchorages have part

no. 942844 and are made of toughened spring steel,
with outer diameter 31.5 mm and thickness 1.75 mm.
T9006075
16 diaphragm springs should be used for a flexible, one-

way anchorage. One standard washer with a diameter
slightly larger than the diaphragm springs should be po-
sitioned under the bolt head and one between the
springs and the attachment. The top and bottom di-
aphragm springs shall be located with the concave side
upwards, and downwards respectively. Other diaphragm
springs shall be laid in pairs with the concave sides fac-
ing each other.
The fasteners shall be tightened so that the spring pack-

age is compressed 2-4 mm. T9006076
Screws on an elastic, one-way joint should be M16x220

mm long to provide space for the spiral spring.
The nut(s) used on the end of M16x220 mm screws

must be self-locking, to prevent the anchorage from los-
ing its one-way flexibility.
T9006954
Bolted joint M16x220

The spiral springs for these anchorages have 644243

and are made of toughened spring steel.
The washers at each end of these spiral springs have

part no. 644124.
The springs must first be fully compressed before they

are fitted and then released as follows:
1:st attachment 20 mm
2:nd attachment 15 mm
3:rd attachment and all 8 mm
the other attachments
T9006955
Assembly
All attachments should be bolted to the chassis frame.
Hinged and flexible one–way anchorages are fixed with 2
screws, elastic one–way anchorages are fixed with 3
screws, anchorages are fixed with 2 screws, attachment
plates and flexible two–way anchorages with 4 screws
and reinforced attachment plates with 6 screws. For alu-
minium sub-frames, the upper part of the pivoted and
flexible one-way attachments should be bolted to the
sub-frame. For steel sub-frames/helper frames, the up-
per part of the pivoted attachments should be either
welded or bolted to the sub-frame.
Washers shall be used underneath screw heads and

locknuts, but not underneath nuts if they have flanges.
Tightening torque
It is very important that bolted joints are checked and
tightened after the vehicle has been in service for some
time, e.g. at the first service.
Bolt unions Tightening torque

M14 8.8 140 ± 20 Nm
10.9 175 ± 30 Nm
M16 8.8 220 ± 35 Nm
10.9 275 ± 45 Nm
M16 - Pivoted at- 100+25 Nm
tachment
Pivoted flexible at- diaphragm springs to be com-
tachment pressed in total 2-4 mm.
Page 16
Driven bolted joints

Driven bolts are used for joints where the requirements
for shearing strength are high. The shear strength of a
joint with driven bolts is similar to that of a riveted joint.
Driven bolts can be used in help frames etc. or as a re-
placement for rivets. A driven bolt can be replaced by a
huckbolt or rivet with the corresponding dimension, un-
less otherwise stated.
Plates in joints for driven M14 screws shall be drilled to-

gether to 13.5 mm and then broached together to 13.8
mm. For driven M16 screws the plates shall be drilled to-
gether to 15.5 mm and then broached together to 15.7
mm. The pre-punched 15.5 mm holes in the chassis can
also be used, but they only need to be broached to- T9007387
gether. A Bolt body too short. Not approved.
The bolt is then driven into the reamed hole. It is very B Shortest allowable length of bolt body.
important that the screw should be driven to give a press
fit. If a press fit does not occur, the hole must be re-done C Washer or sleeve used when bolt body ex-
for the next larger screw size. tends outside the plates.
The un-threaded part of the screw should pass through

the plates used in the joint. The un-threaded part should
preferably pass through the joint, not finish before. If the
un-threaded part of the screw clears the joint, a washer
or sleeve should be used so that the nut can safely be
tightened without bottoming.
Screws used in a driven joint should be at least 8.8

grade, but should preferably be 10.9 grade.
Note: A driven joint should be torqued, using the nut
only, to the standard torque. Please refer to Section
1.40 “Tightening torque”.
Screws with press-on collars

Screws with press-on collars (e.g. Huckbolt) may be
used for fixing superstructures with help frames. The
screw and collar shall be of at least strength class 10.9
or equivalent. The number of screws in the joint shall be
at least the same as the number of screws required for
the equivalent bolted joint.
Pins with press-on collars can be removed by cutting

through the non-deformed part of the collar.
T9006077
Welding
General
These instructions apply generally to all types of electric
welding work on vehicles. Welding must be carried out
with great accuracy to achieve a satisfactory joint. Care
must be exercised to avoid damage, personal injuries,
and accidents.
Restrictions
Danger: It is absolutely forbidden to weld the super-
structure to the chassis frame.
Electrodes/welding consumables
Use ESAB OK 48.30 electrodes or equivalent, for metal
arc welding and DC welding.
The filler material used for MAG gas-metal arc welding

shall be ESAB Autorod 12.51 Ø1.0 mm or equivalent.
Electrode diameter
2.5 mm electrodes shall be used for the root weld on
side members and extension profiles. For the subse-
quent weld and the backing run, use 3.25 mm
electrodes. 3.25-4.0 mm electrodes shall be used for re-
inforcement profiles.
T9006231
Page 18
Electric welding on the superstructure

To prevent personal injury or damage to the vehicle, it is
important that the following measures are taken when
carrying out electric welding.
• Remove both the negative and positive cables from

the truck battery.
• Select a good place to connect the welder’s earth

clamp, as close to the weld site as possible and on
the member to be welded (0.5 m or closer). Clean
off any paint or dirt and attach the welder’s earth T9006230
clamp.
Note: The welding current must not pass through
bearings or joints.
When the welding work is finished, the weld should
be painted.
• Disconnect all electric and electronic equipment on

the vehicle that is within 1 m of the weld or the
welder’s earth clamp.
• Protect piping and electric cables.
• Protect leaf springs and air bellows.
Welding when altering the wheelbase

The strength properties of the chassis frame can be seri-
ously impaired if welding is carried out incorrectly,
because the frame is made of high strength steel.
• Only experienced welding operators should be al-

lowed to carry out welding on the chassis frame.
• Use only dry electrodes.
• Weld beads must be ground flat.
• Strike marks and welding spatter must be ground off.
• Always finish with a backing run.
• The weld should be subjected to a visual inspection.
• Cover the weld surfaces with a rust inhibiting paint.

Welding attachment plates

When welding attachment plates to the sub-frame/helper
frame, proceed as follows:
• The weld shall start from a point close to the side of

the attachment plate and proceed inwards, towards
the centre of the attachment plate (please refer to
the illustration).
• Weld from both sides of the plate. Finish the weld at

the same distance from the centre line of the plate.
• It is not essential that both ends of the weld beads

meet at the middle.
T9007480
Plugging holes by welding

Existing holes should be welded up if new holes end up
closer than 50 mm, measured from the edges of the
holes. Proceed as follows:
• Chamfer the edge on one side of the hole to 2/3 of

the material thickness.
• Position a copper washer A on the inside of the hole.
• Weld with a Ø3.25 mm electrode.
• If the hole has a diameter Ø greater than 20 mm, a

chamfered washer shall be used when it is welded T9006236
shut.
• Finish the job by additional welding from the inside.

Page 20
End member
The truck chassis is supplied from the factory with a
cross member fitted at the rear end for transport pur-
poses. This, or a centre-fitted towing member, can be
used as the chassis end member.
The cross member shall always be installed together with

the rearmost attachment plates of the superstructure.
On 4x2 trucks with leaf spring rear suspension, no end

member is required if the chassis frame is cut off imme-
diately behind the rear leaf spring anchorage.
T9006105
Calculations and loads FM, FH, NH 10.00 1.50 1(7)
Calculations and loads

Superstructure calculations
The length and position of the superstructure must be
calculated to obtain an optimum vehicle. The correct
axle loads are obtained by correct calculations. Any load
tolerance should be put on the front axle of rigid trucks.
Input data
Basic data for the calculations can be found in the
binders ”Product information” and ”Industry model”.
These binders contain data sheets and replace the TSM
binders. Basic data can also be found in national or local
data sheets.
Note: Always check that the final dimensions of the de-

sign, such as overhang and total length, comply with the
applicable national and local requirements.
Note: The space between the cab and superstructure

should be at least 50 mm to allow space for the cab sus-
pension movement. The cab length and the cab
movement when tipping (FM and FH), can be seen on
the chassis drawing or on the data sheets in ”Industry
model” or ”Product information”.
T9007241
Page 2
Data necessary for calculations

The truck kerb weights front and rear (Kerb FAL and
RAL). The superstructure and other equipment, such as
a crane, are included in the kerb weights.
Permitted axle loads front and rear (Permitted FAL and

RAL) are limited by national local legislation and by the
design axle loads FAL and RAL permitted by Volvo.
Note: Select the lowest of the two alternatives in the

calculations.
T9007239
Wheelbase WB for trucks with 2 axles are found in

chapter 2.10 ”Installation, rigid truck, general”.
T9006061
Theoretical wheelbase TWB for 3 axle and 4 axle

trucks is found in the chassis drawing or the data
sheets in the binders for ”Industry model” or ”Product
information”.
T9007240
T9007507
Payload
The payload allowed on the axles is equivalent to the dif-
ference between the Permitted FAL and RAL and the
Kerb FAL and RAL.
The payload on the front axle (Payload FA) and rear

axle(s) (Payload RA) and the total permissible payload
(L) then becomes:
Payload FA = Permitted FAL - Kerb FAL
Payload RA = Permitted RAL - Kerb RAL
Total = Payload FA + Payload RA

Payload, L
Positioning the fifth wheel

To be able to utilise the permitted axle load on a tractor
unit, it is important to position the fifth wheel at a suit-
able distance S from the rear axle/theoretical rear axle.
It is assumed that the load is equal to the total permitted

load L according to the definition on the previous page.
The load applied by the trailer to the king pin is then
equal to L.
Calculate S with an equilibrium equation round the rear
axle, on a truck with 2 axles, or the centre of the bogy,
on a truck with 3 axles.
This calculated value of S gives a location of the fifth

wheel, which loads the front axle with the permissible
front axle load (permitted FAL) and the rear axle(s) with
the permissible rear axle load (permitted RAL). (The
value of S can also be calculated from Payload RA, use
the formula for S under Section 1.50 “Superstructure
length”.)
If an axle load tolerance is required for FA and RA, take
half of the difference between the two values of S ob-
tained in the two calculations.
Note: Consideration must be given to national and local

requirements, which are affected by these results, such
as overall length, clearance to cab, swing area, etc.
Page 4
2 axle trucks
S = FA 2L W B
C9000116
3 axle and 4 axle trucks

S = FA 2LTWB
T9007243
T9007508
Superstructure length
For a rigid type vehicle (RIGID), it is essential to deter-
mine the length of the superstructure B.
First decide the permitted load and the distance between

the front axle and the front edge of the superstructure.
It is assumed that the load is equal to the total permitted

load L and that it is evenly distributed.
The centre of gravity of the load lies B/2 behind the front
edge of the superstructure and at a distance of S in front
of the rear axle/axles.
S is decided by an equilibrium equation at the rear

axle/theoretical rear axle.
Half of the length of the superstructure B/2 is:
B/2 = WB - A - S 2 axle trucks

B/2 = TWB - A - S 3 axle and 4 axle trucks
The calculated length B should be rounded off to the

nearest 100 mm.
Note: Consideration must be given to national require-

ments, which are affected by these results, such as
overhang, overall length, clearance to cab, etc.
2 axle trucks
S = W B 2 (LL 0 RA)
T9007244
Page 6
3 axle and 4 axle trucks

S = T W B 2 L(L 0 RA)
T9007245
T9007509
Load distribution
Static loads
The loads on the chassis frame depend on the type of
superstructure. The load is usually evenly distributed,
concentrated to a shorter length, or spread over several
points.
A rigid platform, which is correctly attached, generally in-
fluences the chassis frame with an evenly distributed
load. The moment diagram shows maximum values in
the wheelbase and at the rear axle/bogy.
T9006613
When a crane is mounted behind the cab on a truck with

a rigid platform, a concentrated load is introduced just
behind the cab. The moment diagram shows a maximum
value close to the crane.
T9006610
A corrected attached tank exerts point loads on the

chassis frame at the attachments.
T9007246
Dynamic loads
When the truck is being driven, the chassis frame is in-
fluenced by dynamic loads from the road/ground surface
and by maneuvering. The moment diagram is altered
and the maximum values are increased. In addition, the
chassis is also influenced by side loads and torsional
loads. The dynamic loading varies all the time.
T9006237

Superstructure Instructions General

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Superstructure instructions

Volvo Truck Corporation

Calculations and loads 1.50 10.00 x

The fitting of superstructures that are not covered by

Note: These instructions are applicable from a technical

Feedback reports FM, FH, NH

To be able to maintain the high standard in our technical documentation, we would

Volvo Truck Corporation ....................................................................................

SE-405 08 GÖTEBORG ....................................................................................

Fax: +46 31 226203 ....................................................................................

Volvo do Brasil Veículos Ltda.

FM7, FM10, FM12 FH12, FH16

The height of the chassis, from the ground to the upper

CHH-xxx = Designates chassis height

Normal chassis height is designated CHH-STD (nominal

TRHT-xxx = Designates chassis height

These designations for chassis height shown above are

The chassis height shown on the respective chassis

The other variants of chassis height which occur are

• FRAME77 is 7 mm • FRAME77 + LINERP/ FRAME88 + LINER-P are re-

• FRAMEMED is 275 mm high

• FRAMEHIG is 300 mm high

(FRAME77 + LINERP, FRAME88 +LINERP)

Front axles/Front axle installations

The size of the permitted loads are specified in Section

Front axle load

Front axle height

low offset +90 mm) FA-LOW and FA-HIGH

STRAI (very high axle clearance to

Front axle installations

FST-AIR Standard chassis height CHH-STD

Examples of front axle installations

FST-AIR Low chassis height for high vol-

FST-PAR Single front axle

FST-PAR Double front axle

FST-MUL Single front axle

FST-MUL Double front axle

Rear axles/Rear axle installations

Permitted loads are specified in Section 2.10 ”Installa-

Rear axle load

Rear axle installations

Examples of rear axle installations

Installation A4 denotes air suspension (Air suspension)

Available in versions with low height for volume trans-

Installation L90 denotes leaf spring suspension (Leaf

Low weight with only minor longitudinal axle movement

Installation A6 denotes air suspension (Air suspension)

Bogy load unevenly distributed.

Primarily intended for long-haul transport on good roads.

Allows containers to be transported without exceeding a

Bogy load unevenly distributed.

Mainly intended for long wheelbase trucks, to facilitate

Installation A6 denotes air suspension (Air suspension)

Bogy load unevenly distributed.

Primarily intended for fast long-haul transport on good

Installation A6S designates air suspension (Air suspen-

Bogy load unevenly distributed.

Primarily intended for fast long-haul transport on good

Installation A8 denotes air suspension (Air suspension)

Bogy load evenly or unevenly distributed.

Primarily designed for long-haul transport on good roads.

Used on chassis with low and standard height, CHH-850

Installation LA denotes combined, leaf spring, driving

Bogy load unevenly distributed.