Geometry-Surface Area & Volume PDF

Geometry: Surface Area & Volume N.
Orlando
Two-Dimensional Shapes:
REVIEW: Perimeter
D E F I N I T I O N : The perimeter is the total length around the shape
COMMON FORMULAS:
Shape Formula used
Circle 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
Square 𝑃 = 4𝑠 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
Rectangle 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ &
𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
Triangle 𝑃 =𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎; 𝑏; 𝑐 =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
Rhombus 𝑃 = 4𝑠 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Trapezoid 𝑃 = 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 𝑎; 𝑏; 𝑐; 𝑑 =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑜𝑖𝑑
What can you do if you forgot the specific formula for perimeter: ADD ALL THE SIDES
1
Geometry: Surface Area & Volume N. Orlando
Examples:
1
2 Find the circumference of each circle accurately and approximately:
2
3 Find the perimeter of each irregular shape:
a) b)
c) d)
3
REVIEW: Area
D E F I N I T I O N : The area the total space found within a shape
COMMON FORMULAS:
Shape Formula used
Circle @ 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟
Square 𝐴 = 𝑠@ 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
Rectangle 𝐴=𝑙×𝑤 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ & 𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
Parallelogram 𝐴=𝑏×ℎ 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 & ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Triangle 𝑏×ℎ 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 &
𝐴=
2 ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐴 = B𝑝(𝑝 − 𝑎)(𝑝 − 𝑏)(𝑝 − 𝑐) 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑎; 𝑏; 𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
** don’t forget that you can use
trig to solve for your height**
Rhombus 𝐷H × 𝐷@ 𝐷H; 𝐷@ =
𝐴=
2 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠
Trapezoid (𝐵 + 𝑏) × ℎ 𝐵 = 𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐴= 𝑏 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
2
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Examples: Find the area of each:
a)
b)
4
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
5
i)
j)
k)
l)
6
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
7
Area of Regular Polygons:
Review: A R E G U L A R POLYGON is a closed figure of which all sides and angles are
equal.
In order to find the area of a regular polygon (with sides greater than 4) we must
first understand what an A P O T H E M is:
An A P O T H EM is the line from the centre of a regular polygon to any of its sides
(hitting those sides at 90o)
HOW T O F I N D T H E A P O T H EM :
1. Using Pythagorean Theorem (𝑎@ + 𝑏@ = 𝑐 @): if sides are given only

2. Using Trigonometric Ratios (SOH-CAH-TOA): If an angle is given
Examples: Find the apothem of the following polygons
1. 2.
8
AREA OF A REGULAR POLYGON:

Steps:
1. Find the apothem (a) of the regular polygon

2. Find the perimeter (p) of the regular polygon
K × L
3. Apply both in the formula for area: 𝐴 =
@
Examples: Find the area of the following:

Apothem: 𝑎 = 10√3 (found on previous page)
1.
𝑝 = 20 × 5
Perimeter:
𝑝 = 100
K × L
𝐴=
@
Area: 𝐴=
HRR ×HR√S
@
𝐴 = 500√3 𝑢@ 𝑂𝑅 866.03 𝑢@
2.
Find the area of the following shaded regions:

3.
4.
5.
9
Geometry Nets: Two dimensional shapes that make up a solid
G E O M E T R Y N E T S : A Geometry Net is a flattened out three dimensional solid. If you

were to fold up a geometry net, you can see what the three-dimensional solid would
look like.
Examples:
Sketch the nets of the following solids:
10
Three Dimensional Solids:
(Rectangular Prism)
Surface Area/Total Area:
D E F I N I T I O N : The surface area of a solid is the total area of the surface of the entire
3-D shape (Think of the amount of paint you would need to paint an entire object).
B A S E A R E A (𝐵Y ): Total area of the face(s) that characterize the solid.
L A T E R A L A R E A (𝐿Y ): Total area of each face around the sides of the solid.
T O T A L A R E A (𝑇Y ): The sum of the base area and the lateral area
What can you do if you forgot the specific formula for Surface Area:
ADD THE AREA OF EACH FACE
Surface Area: Prisms: (Stackable Solids)
P R I S M S : (S T A C K A B L E S O L I D S ) : are solids for which

the height is produced by taking
the characterizing shape and continuously stacking them over and over.
à The shape of the base face = the shape of the top face
(Rectangular Prism)
LA TERA L AREA : 𝐿Y = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑃\ ) × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 (𝐻^ )
11
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Square/Rectangle
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2(𝑙 × 𝑤 ) Bases
Lateral Faces
𝐿Y = 𝑃\ × 𝐻_
LA TERA L AREA :
𝐿Y = (2𝑙 + 2𝑤) × 𝐻_
𝑇Y = 𝐵Y + 𝐿Y
TO TAL AR EA :
𝑇Y = 2(𝑙 × 𝑤 ) + `(2𝑙 + 2𝑤 ) × 𝐻_ a
Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

1) 𝐵Y = 2(𝑙 × 𝑤 ) 𝐿Y = (2𝑙 + 2𝑤) × 𝐻_
𝐵Y = 2(7 × 5) 𝐿Y = ((2 × 7) + (2 × 5)) × 4
𝐵Y = 70 𝑐𝑚@ 𝐿Y = 24 × 4 = 96 𝑐𝑚@
𝑇Y = 2(𝑙 × 𝑤 ) + `(2𝑙 + 2𝑤 ) × 𝐻_ a
𝑇Y = 70 + 96
𝑇Y = 166 𝑐𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
12
The cube is a special case of cuboid. It is when the length; width and height of the
solid are equal.
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Square
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2𝑠 @ Bases
Lateral Faces
@
LA TERA L AREA : 𝐿Y = 4𝑠
TO TAL AR EA :
𝑇Y = 2𝑠 @ + 4𝑠 @ = 6𝑠 @
The cube is the only solid whose bases and lateral faces are all the same.

1)
𝐵Y = 2𝑠 @ 𝐿Y = 4𝑠 @
𝐵Y = 2(5@ ) 𝐿Y = 4(5@ )
𝐵Y = 50 𝑚@ 𝐿Y = 100 𝑚@
𝑇Y = 50 + 100
𝑇Y = 150 𝑚@
2)
13
Lateral Faces
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Triangle
f×g
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2 e h Bases
@
𝐿Y = 𝑃\ × 𝐻_
LA TERA L AREA :
𝐿Y = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) × 𝐻_
TO TAL AR EA : f×g
𝑇Y = 2 e h + ((𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) × 𝐻_ )
@

f×g
1) 𝐵Y = 2 e h 𝐿Y = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) × 𝐻_
@
𝐵Y = 2 e
Si.H×H@.j
h 𝐿Y = (37.1 + 18.9 + 26.1) × (8.3)
@
𝐿Y = 82.1 × 8.3 = 684.43 𝑐𝑚@
𝐵Y = 463.75 𝑐𝑚@
𝑇Y = 463.75 + 684.43
𝑇Y = 1145.18 𝑐𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
14
Lateral Faces
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Trapezoid

(\kf)×g
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2 e h
@
𝐿Y = 𝑃\ × 𝐻_
LA TERA L AREA : TRAPEZOIDAL PRISM
𝐿Y = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑) × 𝐻_
Bases
TO TAL AR EA : (\kf)×g
𝑇Y = 2 e h + ((𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑) × 𝐻_ )
@

1) (\kf)×g
𝐵Y = 2 e h 𝐿Y = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑) × 𝐻_
@
𝐵Y = 2 e
(lkHR)×@
h 𝐿Y = (3 + 4 + 3 + 10) × (7)
@
𝐿Y = 20 × 7 = 140 𝑐𝑚@
𝐵Y = 28 𝑐𝑚@
𝑇Y = 140 + 28
𝑇Y = 168 𝑐𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
15
Lateral Faces
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Regular Polygon
(Pentagon, Hexagon, Heptagon …)
K × L
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2 e h
@
PENTAGONAL PRISM
𝐿Y = 𝑃\ × 𝐻_
LA TERA L AREA :
𝐿Y = 𝑝 × 𝐻_ Bases
TO TAL AR EA : K × L
𝑇Y = 2 e h + (𝑝 × 𝐻_ )
@

K × L
1) 𝐵Y = 2 e h
𝑎= −√8@ 4@ @
(lm × l√S
𝑎 = √48 𝐵Y = 2e h
@
𝑎 = 4√3 𝑓𝑡 @ @
𝐵Y = 194√3 𝑓𝑡
𝐿Y = 𝑝 × 𝐻_ 𝑇Y = 𝐵Y + 𝐿Y
𝐿Y = 48 × 17 𝑇Y = 194√3 + 816
𝐿Y = 816 𝑓𝑡 @ 𝑇Y = 1152.02 𝑐𝑚@
2) 3)
4)
16
Lateral Face
S TACKAB LE BAS E : Circle
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 2(𝜋𝑟 @) Bases
𝐿Y = 𝑃\ × 𝐻_
LA TERA L AREA :
𝐿Y = 2𝜋𝑟 × 𝐻_
TO TAL AR EA :
𝑇Y = 2(𝜋𝑟 @) + (2𝜋𝑟 × 𝐻_ )

1)
𝐵Y = 2(𝜋𝑟 @ ) 𝐿Y = 2𝜋𝑟 × 𝐻_
𝐵Y = 2(𝜋 (4)@ ) 𝐿Y = 2𝜋(4) × (112)
𝐵Y = 32𝜋 𝑚𝑚@ 𝐿Y = 896𝜋 𝑚𝑚@
𝑇Y = 32𝜋 + 896𝜋
𝑇Y = 928𝜋 𝑚𝑚@ = 2915.4𝑚𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
17
Surface Area: Pyramids & Cones
P Y R A M I D S /C O N E S : are solids for which the base is a regular polygon and that the
lateral faces all meet at one point at the top (apex) and that is also described by a
slant height (s).
à There is only ONE BASE
nopqrosop tu \L_o (nv ) × ^wLxs yoqzgs (_)

LA TERA L AREA : 𝐿Y =
@
BA SE : Circle
Slant Height
@
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 𝜋𝑟
Lateral Face
nv × _
𝐿Y =
@
LA TERA L AREA : @{p × _
Base
𝐿Y =
@
TO TAL AR EA : @{p × _
𝑇Y = 𝜋𝑟 @ + e h
@
18
Example: Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following cones:

1)
@{p×_
𝐵Y = 𝜋𝑟 @ 𝐿Y =
@
𝐵Y = 𝜋(10)@ 𝐿Y = 𝜋(10) × (12)
𝐵Y = 100𝜋 𝑖𝑛@ 𝐿Y = 120𝜋 𝑚𝑚@
𝑇Y = 100𝜋 + 120𝜋
𝑇Y = 220𝜋 𝑚𝑚@ = 691.15𝑚𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
19
BA SE : Polygon
BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 Lateral Faces

Slant Height
nv × _
LA TERA L AREA : 𝐿Y =
@
𝑇Y = 𝐵Y + 𝐿Y Base
TO TAL AR EA : nv × _
𝑇Y = 𝐵Y +
@
Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following pyramids:

1)
nv × _
𝐵Y = 𝑠 @ 𝐿Y =
@
𝐵Y = (4)@ 𝐿Y =
l(l)×H@
@
𝐵Y = 16 𝑚𝑚@
𝐿Y = 96 𝑚𝑚@
𝑇Y = 16 + 96
𝑇Y = 112 𝑚𝑚@
2) 3)
4) 5)
4 cm
8 cm
20
Surface Area: Spheres:
S P H ER E S : are solids for which every point on its surface is equidistance from its
centre.
à There is NO BASE
LA TERA L AREA = T OTAL AREA: 𝑇Y = 4𝜋𝑟 @
Example: Find the 𝑇Y for the following spheres:
1)
𝐿Y = 𝑇Y = 4𝜋𝑟 @
𝑇Y = 4𝜋(11)@
𝑇Y = 484𝜋 𝑖𝑛@ ≈ 1520.53 𝑖𝑛@
2)
3) If the surface area of a beach ball is 78.54 𝑓𝑡 @ , find it’s radius:
21
Surface Area: Decomposable Solids
D E C O M P O S A B LE S O L I D S : Multiple types of solids that make up one figure.
T O T A L A R E A : Total area of decomposable solids is the total area of the visible faces
of the solid. (Think of it as every part of the solid you can paint…that is your total
area!)
Examples: Calculate the total surface area of the following decomposable solids:
1) 2)
3) 4) Bird house:
5) 6)
22
Volume
V O L U M E : The amount of space a solid occupies (Think of the amount of water you would
need to fill up a solid).
Volume: Prisms
GENERAL FORMULA U S ED : 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
S P E C I F I C F OR M U L A S : Remember that you can always use the general formula!
Type of Prism Base Shape Base Area Volume

Cuboid/Rectangular Rectangle 𝐵Y = 𝑙 × 𝑤 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
prism 𝑉 = 𝑙 × 𝑤 × ℎ_
Cube Square 𝐵Y = 𝑠 @ 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝑉 = 𝑠S
Triangular prism Triangle 𝑏 × ℎs 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝐵Y = 𝑏 × ℎs
2
𝑉=• € × ℎ_
2
Trapezoidal-based Trapezoid (𝐵 + 𝑏) × ℎ • 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝐵Y = (𝐵 + 𝑏) × ℎ •
prism 2
𝑉=• € × ℎ_
2
Polygonal-based Polygon 𝑝 × 𝑎 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝐵Y = 𝑝 × 𝑎
prism (5 sides +) 2
𝑉=• € × ℎ_
2
Cylinder Circle 𝐵Y = 𝜋𝑟 @ 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 @ × ℎ_
Rhombus-based Rhombus 𝐷H × 𝐷@ 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
𝐵Y = 𝐷H × 𝐷@
prism 2
𝑉=• € × ℎ_
2
Parallelogram- Parallelogram 𝐵Y = 𝑏 × ℎK 𝑉 = 𝐵Y × ℎ_
based prism 𝑉 = `𝑏 × ℎK a × ℎ_
23
Examples: Find the volume of each prism:
1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6)
24
Volume: Pyramids and Cones

\‚ ×gƒ
GENERAL FORMULA U S ED : 𝑉=
S
S P E C I F I C F OR M U L A S : Remember that you can always use the general formula!

H
**The volume of a pyramid is of the volume of its respective prism**
S
Type of Base Shape Base Area Volume

Pyramid/cone
Rectangular-based Rectangle 𝐵Y = 𝑙 × 𝑤 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
pyramid 𝑙 × 𝑤 × ℎ_
𝑉=
3
Square-based Square 𝐵Y = 𝑠 @ 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
pyramid 𝑠 @ × ℎ_
𝑉=
3
Triangular-based Triangle 𝑏 × ℎs 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
𝐵Y = 𝑏 × ℎs
pyramid 2 e h × ℎ_
𝑉= 2
3
Trapezoidal-based Trapezoid (𝐵 + 𝑏) × ℎ • 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
𝐵Y = (𝐵 + 𝑏) × ℎ •
pyramid 2 • € × ℎ_
2
𝑉=
3
Polygonal-based Polygon 𝑝 × 𝑎 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
𝐵Y = 𝑝 × 𝑎
pyramid (5 sides +) 2 e h × ℎ_
𝑉= 2
3
Cone Circle 𝐵Y = 𝜋𝑟 @ 𝑉 = (𝐵Y × ℎ_ ) ÷ 3
𝜋𝑟 @ × ℎ_
𝑉=
3
Examples: Find the volume of the following cones & pyramids:
1) 2)
25
3) 4)
5) 6)
Volume: Spheres
l{p …
GENERAL FORMULA U S ED : 𝑉=
S
1) 2)
26
Volume: Decomposable Solids
D E C O M P O S A B LE S O L I D S : Multiple types of solids that make up one figure.
T O T A L V O L U M E : Total volume of a decomposable solid is the amount of space that

solid takes up entirely. (It is the total amount of substance that can fill in the solid)
Examples: Calculate the total volume of the following decomposable solids:

1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6)
27
Surface Area & Volume Word Problems:
Remember: UNIT CONVERSIONS
The basic unit conversion
For AREA: use 10@ 𝑜𝑟 100 for each step.
For VOLUME: use 10S 𝑜𝑟 1000 for each.
1. A gas tank is formed by a cylinder and two hemispheres as indicated in the

figure below.
a) Calculate the total area of this tank.

b) What quantity of paint will be necessary to paint the exterior of this tank
knowing that one litre of paint covers 15𝑚@ ?
c) What is the volume, in litres, of this tank?
28
2. A pencil holder, made of wood, is represented by the following figure below.

If the cube’s edges measure 8cm, what is the volume of wood used for this
solid?
3. A grain silo on a cement base is in the shape of a cylinder with a cone on top.
The dimensions of the silo are given in the diagram below. The owner wants
to paint the exterior of the silo. How many exact litres of paint are needed.
4. An ice cream cone has a hemisphere on top of a cone with the same
diameter. What is the total height of the object if its total area is
198.158 𝑐𝑚@ ?
29
5. Four test tubes in a chemistry lab hold various substances. The volume of
liquid contained in each test tube is represented below:
Which of the four test tubes contains the least amount of liquid?
6. The radius of the base of a cone is 3 cm and its volume is 56.52 𝑐𝑚S, what is
the height of the cone?
7. In an assembly of people, each person should have 8 𝑚S of air to be

comfortable in the room. If this norm is to be respected, what is the
maximum number of people that should be allowed into a hall that is 24 m
long, 18 m wide and 4 m high?
30
8. A company produced 200 foam tubes to be used as packaging for glass tubing.
Each of these foam tubes has a hole down the middle so that the glass tubing
will fit inside snugly as shown in the diagram below. What volume of foam, in
𝑐𝑚S, was needed to manufacture the 200 foam tubes?
9. Paul must pant the exterior surface of the side of his circular swimming pool.
The height of the pool is 2 meters and its radius is 4 meters. Paul has 5 litres
of paint. Each litre covers 12 𝑚@. Does Paul have enough paint to complete
the job?
31
Similar Figures:
Similar figures are produced by similarity transformations: STRETCH or SHRINK

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′ are similar and
therefore the lengths of their sides are
related through a similarity ratio: “k”
𝐴𝐵 ) = ŒŒŒŒŒŒ
à 𝑘 (ŒŒŒŒ 𝐴′𝐵′
𝐴𝐶 ) = ŒŒŒŒŒ
à 𝑘 (ŒŒŒŒ 𝐴′𝐶′
ŒŒŒŒ ) = ŒŒŒŒŒŒ
à 𝑘 (𝐵𝐶 𝐵′𝐶′
B A S I C S I M I L A R I T Y R A T I O : When two figures are considered similar, we can compare

each original side to its image in ratio format. That ratio is the same for each set of
sides. ŒŒŒŒ ŒŒŒŒ ŒŒŒŒ
^rLww ∆ Y\ \• Y•
= ŒŒŒŒ = ŒŒŒŒ = ŒŒŒŒ
•Lpzo ∆ Ž• •‘ Ž‘
^rLww ∆ HR ’ i
= = =
•Lpzo ∆ @R H@ Hl
^rLww ∆ H
=
•Lpzo ∆ @
𝟏
so à 𝒌 =
𝟐
The large triangle is DOUBLE the small triangle.
RATIOS OF SIMILARITY:
1. Ratio of 1-Dimesional measures:
• Ex’s: length, height, base, width, radius, perimeter, and circumference
• à k
2. Ratio of 2-Dimensional measures:
• Ex: Area
• à 𝒌𝟐
3. Ratio of 3-Dimentional measures:
• Ex: Volume
• à 𝒌𝟑
32
GOING F R O M O N E R A T I O T O A N O T H ER :
A) From the Basic ratio to the Area or Volume ratio:

Steps:
1) Set up a ratio between and original 1-D measure and its image.
2) REDUCE the ratio.
3) Square it for the ratio of the AREAS.
4) Cube it for the ratio of the VOLUMES.
B) From the Area ratio to the Volume ratio:
Steps:
1) Set up a ratio between the two given areas (smaller/larger)

3) Square root the ratio to get the Basic ratio.
4) Cube the Basic ratio to get the ratio of Volumes.
C) From the Volume ratio to the Area ratio:
Steps:
1) Set up a ratio between the two given volumes (smaller/larger)

3) Cube root the ratio to get the Basic ratio.
4) Square the Basic ratio to get the ratio of Areas.
Ex:
1. Using the similar rectangular prisms below, state the ratio of similarity for the
areas of these two prisms. ”tw•ro (_rLww) @R H
”tw•ro (wLpzo)
= jlR = @i
…
𝑘 = √𝑘 S
… H
𝑘 = –@i
H
V=20 cm3 𝑘=S
Ratio of the areas à 𝑘 @

V=540 cm3
1 @
𝑘@ = • €
3
1
𝑘@ =
9
Ratio of the Areas of the
two prisms.
33
2. A) Find the similarity ratios for the following solids
™Lšq•_ (_rLww) @
Basic Ratio: k à =S
™Lšq•_ (wLpzo)
YpoL (_rLww) @ @ l
Ratio of the areas: 𝒌𝟐 → YpoL (wLpzo) = eSh = œ
”tw•ro (_rLww) @ S m
Ratio of the volumes: 𝒌𝟑 → ”tw•ro (wLpzo) = eSh = @i
B) If the volume of the large cone is 67.5 𝑐𝑚S what is the volume of the small
cone? S
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙) 2 8 𝑥
𝒌𝟑 → =• € = =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒) 3 27 67.5
8 × 67.5
𝑥= = 20 𝑐𝑚S
27
3. The trapezoids below are similar. The area of trapezoid EFGI is 54 𝑐𝑚@ . If
ŒŒŒŒ
𝐴𝐷 = ŒŒŒŒ
𝐴𝐻 = 4𝑐𝑚, ŒŒŒŒ
𝐵𝐶 = 8 𝑐𝑚, ŒŒŒ
𝐸𝐼 = 6 𝑐𝑚,
a) Calculate the length of FG
b) Calculate the area of trapezoid ABCD
E I
A D
B C
H F G
34
4. The rectangles below are similar. What is the perimeter of the big rectangle if
its area is equal to 96 𝑐𝑚@ ?
𝑥−2
2𝑥
5. A small cylinder with a volume of 8𝜋 𝑐𝑚S is similar to a larger one with a

volume of 27𝜋 𝑐𝑚S. What is the area of the base of the large cylinder if the
radius of the small one is 2 𝑐𝑚?
35
Equivalent Figures:
C O N G R UE N T are produced by identity transformations: Reflection,

FIGURES
Rotation, and/or Translation. The side lengths and angle measures do NOT change.
EQUIVALENT are shapes that can have different side lengths and angles but
FIGURES
MUST have the same AREA/VOLUME.
o Two Equivalent 2-Dimensional figures have the SAME AREA, despite their
shape.
o Two Equivalent 3-Dimensional solids have the SAME VOLUME, despite their
shape.
Ex: The rectangles below are equivalent. What is the numerical value of the
perimeter of each rectangle?
2D Equivalent
figures: SAME AREA
𝑥+1
𝑥+2
4𝑥
3𝑥
Area of Rectangle 1: Area of Rectangle 2:
𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑤 𝐴 = 𝑙 × 𝑤
𝐴 = 3𝑥(𝑥 + 2) 𝐴 = 4𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
𝐴 = 3𝑥 @ + 6𝑥 𝐴 = 4𝑥 @ + 4𝑥
Area of Rectangle 1 = Area of Rectangle 2

Solving a quadratic equation!! Make one side equal
3𝑥 @ + 6𝑥 = 4𝑥 @ + 4𝑥 to zero and either factor (if possible) or use the
quadratic formula.
0 = 𝑥 @ − 2𝑥
0 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
0 = 𝑥 & 0 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥 = 0, 2
𝑥 ≠ 0 à We cannot have a side of a shape that is equal to zero! REJECT x = 0
Therefore 𝑥 = 2!
36
Perimeter of Rectangle 1: Perimeter of Rectangle 2:
𝑙 = 3(2) = 6 𝑙 = 4(2) = 8
𝑤 = (2) + 2 = 4 𝑤 = (2) + 1 = 3
𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
𝑃 = 2(6) + 2(4) 𝑃 = 2(8) + 2(3)
𝑃 = 20 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑃 = 22 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Examples:
1. The rectangle and the isosceles triangle are equivalent. What is the numerical
value of the perimeter of the triangle?
𝑥−4
𝑥−3
𝑥
𝑥+2
2. The trapezoid and the square are equivalent. What is the numerical value of
the perimeter of the square?
𝑥−2
𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥 − 4
37
3. The right triangles ABF and EAF are similar. Triangle ABF is equivalent to
rectangle BCGF, whereas the triangle EAF is equivalent to rectangle DEFG.
Calculate the total area of the pentagon.
A
4𝑥
B 5𝑥 + 4 3𝑥 E
C D
G
Ex: A cone and a cylinder are equivalent. The radius and the height of the cone
measured 6 cm and 10 cm respectively. What is the height of the cylinder if its
radius measures 5 cm?
Volume of Cone: Volume of Cone = Volume of Cylinder
Yv × g
𝑉= S
Volume of Cylinder = 𝐴\ × ℎ
({pŸ )× g
𝑉= S
Volume of Cylinder = (𝜋𝑟 @ ) × ℎ
({(’)Ÿ ) × HR
𝑉= S
120𝜋 = (𝜋(5)@ ) × ℎ
𝑉 = 120𝜋 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 S 120𝜋 = 25𝜋 × ℎ
H@R{ @l
@j{
=ℎ à ℎ= j
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
We DO NOT multiply out the 120 and π!! It is easier to cancel out if it is
just there attached to the number.
38
Examples:
1. The rectangular prism and the cube are equivalent. By how much does the
total area of the prism surpass the total area of the cube?
𝑥−2
𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+4
2. A sculpture is formed by a pyramid mounted on top of a cube. The cube and

the pyramid are equivalent. Determine the total height of the sculpture if its
volume is equal to 432 𝑐𝑚S .
39
3. The right rectangular prism and square based prism are equivalent. What is
the numerical value of the sum of their volumes?
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
2𝑥 + 6
2𝑥 + 1
𝑥+1 𝑥−1
40

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Geometry: Surface Area & Volume N.

D E F I N I T I O N : The perimeter is the total length around the shape

2 Find the circumference of each circle accurately and approximately:

3 Find the perimeter of each irregular shape:

D E F I N I T I O N : The area the total space found within a shape

Examples: Find the area of each:

Area of Regular Polygons:

1. Using Pythagorean Theorem (𝑎@ + 𝑏@ = 𝑐 @): if sides are given only

Examples: Find the apothem of the following polygons

AREA OF A REGULAR POLYGON:

1. Find the apothem (a) of the regular polygon

Examples: Find the area of the following:

Find the area of the following shaded regions:

Geometry Nets: Two dimensional shapes that make up a solid

G E O M E T R Y N E T S : A Geometry Net is a flattened out three dimensional solid. If you

Sketch the nets of the following solids:

Three Dimensional Solids:

Surface Area/Total Area:

B A S E A R E A (𝐵Y ): Total area of the face(s) that characterize the solid.

Surface Area: Prisms: (Stackable Solids)

P R I S M S : (S T A C K A B L E S O L I D S ) : are solids for which

LA TERA L AREA : 𝐿Y = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑃\ ) × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 (𝐻^ )

S TACKAB LE BAS E : Square/Rectangle

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

S TACKAB LE BAS E : Square

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

S TACKAB LE BAS E : Trapezoid

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following solids:

Surface Area: Pyramids & Cones

à There is only ONE BASE

nopqrosop tu \L_o (nv ) × ^wLxs yoqzgs (_)

Example: Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following cones:

BA SE AR EA : 𝐵Y = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 Lateral Faces

Example: Find the 𝐵Y , 𝐿Y & 𝑇Y for the following pyramids:

Surface Area: Spheres:

LA TERA L AREA = T OTAL AREA: 𝑇Y = 4𝜋𝑟 @

Example: Find the 𝑇Y for the following spheres:

3) If the surface area of a beach ball is 78.54 𝑓𝑡 @ , find it’s radius:

Surface Area: Decomposable Solids

D E C O M P O S A B LE S O L I D S : Multiple types of solids that make up one figure.

S P E C I F I C F OR M U L A S : Remember that you can always use the general formula!

Type of Prism Base Shape Base Area Volume

Examples: Find the volume of each prism:

Volume: Pyramids and Cones

S P E C I F I C F OR M U L A S : Remember that you can always use the general formula!

Type of Base Shape Base Area Volume

Examples: Find the volume of the following cones & pyramids:

Volume: Decomposable Solids

D E C O M P O S A B LE S O L I D S : Multiple types of solids that make up one figure.

T O T A L V O L U M E : Total volume of a decomposable solid is the amount of space that

Examples: Calculate the total volume of the following decomposable solids:

Surface Area & Volume Word Problems:

Remember: UNIT CONVERSIONS

The basic unit conversion

For AREA: use 10@ 𝑜𝑟 100 for each step.

For VOLUME: use 10S 𝑜𝑟 1000 for each.

1. A gas tank is formed by a cylinder and two hemispheres as indicated in the

a) Calculate the total area of this tank.

2. A pencil holder, made of wood, is represented by the following figure below.

7. In an assembly of people, each person should have 8 𝑚S of air to be