MODULE II

EMULSION
LAB REPORT

Name : Syarah
Student Number : 12218091
Group :9
Experiment Date : October 30th, 2019
Submission Date : November 5th, 2019
Lecturer : Zuher Syihab, S.T, Ph.D.
Module Assistant : Siti Olivinia Yusra (12216028)
: Baskoro Adi Nugroho (12216070)

LABORATORY OF FLUID RESERVOIR ANALYSIS

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………….…3
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II TOOLS AND INGREDIENTS………….…………………………………...5
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V DATA
5.1 Assumption………………………………………………………………...…12
CHAPTER VI
6.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………13
6.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………………………13
CHAPTER VII 4

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 260 RPM Agitation …………………..…6
Table 3.2 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 400 RPM Agitation …………….……….6
Table 3.3 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 500 RPM Agitation………………...........7
Table 3.4 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with Chemical Method……………..………...7
Table 3.5 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with Heating Method…………………….……8
 LIST OF PICTURES

Picture 4.1 Graph of Cumulative Water Volume with Agitation…….……....…………...…10

Picture 4.2 Graph of Cumulative Water Volume with Chemical and Heating Method..……11
 CHAPTER I

I. EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVE
1. To understand how and why emulsion formed.
2. To understand the emulsion separating process.

II. TOOLS AND INGREDIENTS

a. Tools
1. 3 Units of Graduated Cylinder 250cc
2. 4 Units of Beaker Glass 500cc
3. Mixer
4. Heater
5. Stopwatch
6. Pipette
b. Ingredients
1. Formation Water
2. Crude oil
3. Aquades
4. Demulsifier
 III. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Table 3.1 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 260 RPM Agitation
Time(minutes) Cumulative Water Volume(ml)
1 5.55
2 6.17
3 6.79
4 6.79
5 6.79
6 6.79
7 6.79
8 6.79
9 6.79
10 6.79
11 6.79
12 6.79
13 6.79
14 6.79
15 6.79

Table 3.2 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 400 RPM Agitation
Time(minutes) Cumulative Water Volume(ml)
1 17.19
2 17.28
3 17.28
4 17.28
5 17.28
6 17.28
7 17.28
8 17.28
9 17.28
10 17.28
11 17.28
12 17.28
13 17.28
14 17.28
15 17.28
Table 3.3 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with 800 RPM Agitation
Time(minutes) Cumulative Water Volume(ml)
1 5.95
2 6.54
 3 6.54
4 6.54
5 6.54
6 6.54
7 6.54
8 6.54
9 6.54
10 6.54
11 6.54
12 6.54
13 6.54
14 6.54
15 6.54

Table 3.4 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with Chemical Method

Time(minutes) Cumulative Water Volume(ml)
0.5 1.5
1 3
1.5 5
2 6
2.5 8
3 9
3.5 9.5
4 10
4.5 10.5
5 11
5.5 11.5
6 12
6.5 12.2
7 12.5
7.5 13
8 13.2
8.5 13.3
9 13.4
9.5 13.5
10 13.8

Table 3.5 Data of Cumulative Water Volume with Heating Method

Time(minutes) Cumulative Water Volume(ml)
0.5 12
 1 12.5
1.5 13
2 13
2.5 13
3 13
3.5 13
4 13
4.5 13.5
5 13.5
5.5 13.5
6 13.5
6.5 13.5
7 14
7.5 14
8 14
8.5 14
9 14
9.5 14.5
10 14.5
 IV. DATA PROCESSING

Picture 4.1.
20

18

16
Volume Cumulative Water (ml)

14

12

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Time (Minutes)

Legend:
= Agitation with 260 RPM
= Agitation with 400 RPM
= Agitation with 800 RPM
Picture 4.2.

Graph of Cumulative Water Volume with Chemical and

Heating Method
16
14
12
10
Axis Title

8
6
4
2
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
Time (Minutes)

Legend :
= Separating Emulsion with Chemical Method
= Separating Emulsion with Heating Method
V. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
5.1. Assumption
1. Experiment conducted at constant and standard pressure and temperature
2. Room temperature and pressure are at same condition as standard condition
3. The crude oil used is free of contaminants
4. All measurements were well conducted
5. Heating using a heater is assumed to be homogeneous in all fluids
6. The samples were agitated evenly
7. Electric current flow constantly
8. There was no force between the fluids and glass wall
9. No other substance that get into the mixture
10.Measuring the height of the water column right at the specified time

5.2. Analysis of Tools

In this experiment there are several tools that important during the experiment. The
first is a mixer. The mixer in this experiment is a stirrer which is useful for breaking down
the fluid to form an emulsion. This mixer is connected to a 220 V power source. Then the
mixer works in analog, namely by manually setting the desired rotation speed using the
two desired scales. Information about the scale of this rotation is located next to the mixer
body. The weakness possessed by this tool is actually very visible, namely whether or not
the rotation is produced.
The second tool is heater. Heater is used for heating to breakdown the emulsion. To
operate it, first we need to plug the cable in the socket and put the heater part into the
sample. And don’t forget to use gloves while using it.

5.3. During the Experiment Session

The experiment of module 2 is held on Wednesday, October 30th 2019. The

experiment starts at around 4 p.m. with an initial 10 minutes pre-test conducted by all
groups. After that, it was followed by a tools test. After the assistant calculate our score,
unfortunately there are two persons from group 10 that almost be kicked, but they choose
 the additional task. For the experiment, we divided our job, group 9 doing the agitation
experiment and group 10 doing the chemical and heat method. For the agitation, we used
260 RPM, 400 RPM, and 800 RPM based on the module.

5.4. Analysis of Results

The first experiment is focused on how to make emulsions by agitation then
separate them using gravity. According to the theory, the more RPM we use, the more
stable emulsions we get, which caused the lower cumulative water volume. From the
experiment data, we know that the cumulative water volume for 260 RPM is less than
cumulative water volume for 400 RPM, there are a several things that might cause this
result, such as miscalculations, careless, or inappropriate tools.
The second experiment is focused on how to separate emulsion using chemical
method. We add 30 drops of demulsifier, which caused flocculation, or etc that can make
the emulsion unstable.
The last experiment, we separate the emulsion by heating. The more heat we give,
the more unstable emulsion we get. This thing happened because heat can make the
particles moving faster and bump each other. Then, the particles will gather aroung
creating coalescence.

VI. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1. Conclusion
 Emulsion is formed because of the presence of immiscible substances (water and
oil) which are mixed and stirred evenly (agitation) so that the water will become a
dispersed molecule evenly in the oil.
 In the gravity settling method, the greater speed of agitation we give, the more
stable it is. In this experiment, 800 RPM was the most stable.
 For the same level of agitation, the heating method is more effective than
chemical method.

6.2. Suggetion
 I suggest to the assistants to come on time so that the experiments can run
smoothly, and don’t forget to smile and always cheer up to all of you!
VII. REFERENCES

McCain, William D.Jr., The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, 2nd Edition, PennWell
Publishing Co., 1990, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

W.R. Siagian, Utjok. Diktat Kuliah Fluida Reservoir. Departemen Teknik

Pertambangan dan Perminyakan. 2002. Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Bandung.