Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often

initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called

entrepreneurs . [1][2]

Entrepreneurship has been described as the "capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage
a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit ." [3] While definitions of
entrepreneurship typically focus on the launching and running of businesses, due to the high risks
involved in launching a start-up, a significant proportion of start-up businesses have to close due to "lack
of funding, bad business decisions, an economic crisis, lack of market demand, or a combination of all of
these." [4]

A broader definition of the term is sometimes used, especially in the field of economics . In this usage,
an Entrepreneur is an entity which has the ability to find and act upon opportunities to translate
inventions or technologies into products and services: "The entrepreneur is able to recognize the
commercial potential of the invention and organize the capital, talent, and other resources that turn an
invention into a commercially viable innovation." [5] In this sense, the term "Entrepreneurship" also
captures innovative activities on the part of established firms, in addition to similar activities on the part
of new businesses.
A beaker is a common container in most labs. It is used for mixing, stirring, and heating chemicals. Most
beakers have spouts on their rims to aid in pouring. They also commonly have lips around their rims and
markings to measure the volume they contain, although they are not a precise way to measure liquids.
Beakers come in a wide range of sizes.

Because of the lip that runs around the rim, a lid for a beaker does not exist. However, a watch glass
(discussed below) can be used to cover the opening to prevent contamination or splashing.

Also known as a boiling flask, the Florence flask has a round bottom and a long neck. It is used to hold
liquids and can be easily swirled and heated. It can also easily be capped by rubber or glass stoppers.

Once again, safety dictates that this flask never be heated when capped. Pressure build-up and
explosions can and do occur.

A test tube is a glass tube with one end open and the other end closed. The closed end is rounded. Test
tubes are used to hold small samples. They are primarily used for qualitative assessment and
comparison. A common place to see these is the biochemistry lab. When a large number of samples
need to be tested and compared, test tubes are used to make this easier. They are also easily capped
with a rubber or glass stopper.

They are generally held in a test tube rack specifically designed for the purpose. If the test tubes become
unsafe to touch with bare hands (whether due to heat or another reason), test-tube tongs can be used
to move them.

Never heat a capped test tube.

A lab funnel is just like any other funnel except that it was designed to be used in a laboratory setting.
They can be made of plastic or glass and can have either a short stem or a long stem, depending on what
they are needed for. There are several sizes that can be chosen from based on the amount of liquid that
needs to go through them quickly.

This is a primary measuring tool for the volume of a liquid. There are several markings up and down the
length of the container with specific increments. Graduated cylinders come in many sizes. The smaller
they are in diameter, the more specific the volume measurements will be.

When reading the volume from a graduated cylinder, you will notice that the liquid seems to have an
indentation. The liquid around the edges will be higher than the liquid in the center, sloping down like
the sides of a trampoline when someone is standing in the middle. This is called the meniscus. Line the
lowest point of the meniscus up with the nearest marking, keeping the cylinder level to properly read
the volume.

Universal Set
At the start we used the word "things" in quotes.

We call this the universal set . It's a set that contains everything. Well, not exactly everything.

Everything that is relevant to our question.

In Number Theory the universal set is all the integers , as Number Theory is simply the study of integers.

But in Calculus (also known as real analysis), the universal set is almost always the real numbers .

And in complex analysis, you guessed it, the universal set is the complex numbers .

Subsets

When we define a set, if we take pieces of that set, we can form what is called a subset .

Example: the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A subset of this is {1, 2, 3}. Another subset is {3, 4} or even another is {1}, etc.

But {1, 6} is not a subset, since it has an element (6) which is not in the parent set.

In general:

A is a subset of B if and only if every element of A is in B.

So let's use this definition in some examples.

Example: Is A a subset of B, where A = {1, 3, 4} and B = {1, 4, 3, 2}?

1 is in A, and 1 is in B as well. So far so good.

3 is in A and 3 is also in B.

4 is in A, and 4 is in B.

That's all the elements of A, and every single one is in B, so we're done.

Yes, A is a subset of B

Note that 2 is in B, but 2 is not in A. But remember, that doesn't matter, we only look at the elements in
A.

Empty (or Null) Set

This is probably the weirdest thing about sets.

As an example, think of the set of piano keys on a guitar.

"But wait!" you say, "There are no piano keys on a guitar!"

And right you are. It is a set with no elements .

This is known as the Empty Set (or Null Set).There aren't any elements in it. Not one. Zero.

It is represented by

Or by {} (a set with no elements)

Some other examples of the empty set are the set of countries south of the south pole .

So what's so weird about the empty set? Well, that part comes next.

A set is well-defined if there is no ambiguity as to whether or not an object belongs to it, i.e., a set is
defined so that we can always tell what is and what is not a member of the set.

Example: C = {red, blue, yellow, green, purple} is well-defined since it is clear what is in the set.

Example: In the opening problem on the previous page of this session, the solution set to the question
“Who is the President?” is not a well-defined collection. Does it mean only presidents of nations, or does
it include presidents of companies? Of universities? Of clubs? Do we include only those serving now or
all who served in the past? To be “well-defined” the collection description would have to settle all such
questions.

Ang heograpiya (mula sa Griyego γεωγραφία,

geographia, literal na kahulugan: "paglalarawan sa daigdig" [1] ) ay isang larangan ng agham na pinag-
aaralan ang mga lupain , katangian, naninirahan, at hindi karaniwang bagay sa

Daigdig. [2] Ang unang tao na gumamit ng salitang Griyego na γεωγραφία ay si Eratosthenes (276–194
BC). [3] Sinasakop ng heograpiya ang lahat ng disiplina na sinisikap na unawain ang Daigdig at mga tao
nito pati na rin ang likas pagkakumplikado nito. Hindi lamang ang mga bagay nito ang pinag-aaralan,
ngunit gayon din kung papaano ang mga ito ay nagbago at lumitaw.

Kadalasang binibigyan ng kahulugan ang heograpiya sa dalawang sangay: heograpiyang pantao at

heograpiyang pisikal . [4][5] May kinalaman ang heograpiyang pantao sa pag-aaral ng tao at ang kanilang
mga pamayanan,

kalinangan, ekonomiya , at pakikipag-ugnayan nila sa kalikasan sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral ng kanilang

kabuuang ugnayan sa nasasakupan at lugar. [6] Samantalang ang heograpiyang pisikal ay may kinalaman
sa pag-aaral ng proseso at disenyo sa kalikasan katulad ng

atmospera , hidrospera, biyospera, at heospera.

1. Kapatagan
Maraming kapatagan sa Pilipinas lalong-lalo na sa Luzon. Ito ang uri ng lupa na walang pagtaas at
pagbaba. Patag ang lupain na ito at malawak. Mainam itong tamnan ng iba’t ibang pananim katulad ng
gulay dahil madali itong linangin.

Photo from Tourism Kapatagan Blogspot | Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte

2. Bundok

Ang isa pang kilala na anyong lupa ay ang bundok. Maraming bundok sa iba’t ibang dako ng mundo. Ito
ay makikilala dahil sa mataas na pagtaas ng lupa.

Photo from www.lds.org

3. Bulubundukin

Ang bulubundukin ay binubuo ng maraming magkakahanay na bundok o pagtaas ng lupa ng daigdig. Mas
matataas at matatarik ito kaysa sa bundok.

Photo from julieanntalastas123.blogspot.com

4. Bulkan

Ang bulkan ay isa ring uri ng bundok. Subalit, malaki ang ipinagkakaiba nila dahil ang bulkan ay maaring
maglabas ng “lava” o mga tunaw na bato. May mga bulkan na aktibo at mayroon din namang hindi
aktibo.

Photo from Pilipinas

5. Burol

Bukod sa bulkan, may isa pang uri ng anyong lupa na malapit rin sa bundok. Ito ay ang burol na parang
maliliit na bundok ngunit higit na mas mahaba ito at pabilog.

Kadalasan, ang burol ay kulay luntian tuwing tag-ulan at kulay tsokolate tuwing tag-araw. Ang isa sa
pinakatanyag na burol ay ang

Chocolate Hills sa Bohol.

Photo from www.magtxt.com

6. Lambak

Ang Lambak ay isang patag na lupa na nasa gitna ng mga bundok. Katulad ng kapatagan, mainam rin
itong taniman ng mga mais, gulay, at iba pang pananim dahil mabilis itong linangin.

Photo from My Homeworks

7. Talampas
Ang Talampas ay medyo malapit sa Lambak. Madali rin itong linangin at patag rin. Ang ipinagkakaiba nila
ay sa lokasyon.

Ang Talampas ay makikita sa isang mataas na lugar habang ang Lambk naman ay kadalasan sa mga
mababang lugar napapalibutan ng bundok.

Twitter/@javalavamanila

8. Tangway

Isa sa mga anyong lupa ay ang Tangway . Ito ay lupa na nakausli ng pahaba at may tubig sa paligid ng
tatlong sulok nito.