Introduction

An Introduction to 5G
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5G Introduction
Chapter Overview

This chapter serves as an overview of who and how is currently dealing with 5G.
Contents:
• 5G overview
• Timelines: ITU-R, NGMN, 3GPP, 5G-PPP
• 5G-PPP Overview
• 5G Framework: NGMN whitepaper
• High Level Requirements
• 5G Techniques and Spectrum
5G Introduction
An Introductory Question

What does 5G mean for you?

• …
• …
• …
5G Overview
5G Introduction
Mobile Systems Evolution

2G 3G 4G Single network / design

1G 1990s 2000s 2010s
1980s

Analog mobile Mobile digital Basic mobile

MBB
voice voice Internet

Major step

5G Hybrid network
(encapsulating
2020s 4G, WiFi and New Radio)

xMBB, IoT, Vehicular Communicaitons

5G Introduction
Mobile Systems Evolution – Basic Parameters

System 2G 3G 4G 5G
Generation
Deployment 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
time
Multiple access TDMA WCDMA OFDMA OFDMA-like
Channel BW 200kHz 5MHz 20MHz – 100MHz+
100MHz
Data rate 9.6-100kbps 42Mbps 300Mbps 10Gbps
Core NW CS CS and PS All IP All IP,
virtualization
Spectrum Licensed, below Licensed, below Licensed and Licensed and
3GHz 3GHz unlicensed, unlicensed,
Below 6GHz below 6GHz,
mmWave
5G Introduction
What is 5G?

“5G is an E2E ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through
existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable business models.” NGMN vision

New PHY (NOMA,

CoRRM
FBMC, etc) MTC/IoT/D2D

V2x
Legacy RATs
(4G, WiFi)
Advanced SON
(cognitivity) 5G
Cloud RAN

UDN Massive MIMO

User centric approach NFV, SDR, mmWave

(”no more cells”) SDN

5G will not be only about the new RAT à it’s the whole ecosystem change towards flexible, extensible network
 5G Introduction
Key Corner-case Services

• Applications: streaming, web browsing,

Enhanced Mobile video conference, VR, etc.
Broadband • High throughput
• Limited movements of the users

• Applications: sensors, smart city, etc. • Applications: mission critical, industrial

• Support for huge number of devices automation, drone control, self driving
• Low cost Massive Machine Type Ultra-Reliable and Low cars, etc.
• Enhanced coverage Latency Communications • Short delays
• Long batery life
Communications • Extreme reliability
5G Introduction
Who is Who?
Global initiatives

http://www.3gpp.org/ http://www.gsma.com/ https://www.ngmn.org/ http://www.itu.int/

Local / regional associations

https://5g-ppp.eu/ http://www.5gamericas.org/ http://www.5gtf.org/

http://www.imt-2020.cn/ http://www.5gforum.org/ http://5gmf.jp/

5G Introduction
Short 5G History – Key Dates

Date Event
11.2012 • Major FP7 EU funded projects started including: METIS, 5GNOW, iJOIN, …

02.2013 • ITU-R Working Party 5D started:

(1) Study on IMT Vision for 2020 and beyond;
(2) Study on future technology trends for terrestrial IMT systems
03.2015 • NGMN released the 5G Whitepaper on use cases
• 3GPP set 5G milestones for standardization and started ”SMARTER” SI

07.2015 • Major H2020 EU-funded (5G PPP Phase I) projects started including: METIS-II, 5GNORMA, FANTASTIC-
5G, SPEED-5G, mmMAGIC, …
09.2015 • 3GPP held a 5G Workshop (Phoenix) with the outcome of the key 3 high level use cases, New Radio and
5G phasing approach
12.2015 • 3GPP Study Item on requirements and scope for RAN started

03.2016 • 3GPP completed SA SI providing 5G requirements and WI was started

• 3GPP started technology solutions studies for next generation radio
02.2017 • 3GPP approved new logo and naming for 5G

06.2017 • 21 EU-funded 5GPPP Phase II projects started (detailed research) 2012 -

12.2017 • 3GPP completed 5G NSA version under release 15 and Stage 2 documents on System Architecture 2017
5G Timelines
ITU-R, 3GPP, NGMN, 5G-PPP

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021…

WRC-15 WRC-19

IMT-
Vision, Technology trends, Evaluation criteria / Proposal
Evaluation 2020
recommendations Requirements submissions
Specif.

Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16

Rel. 13
(Initial RAN and SA (5G Phase 1 – (5G Phase 2 – all UCs
(SMARTER - requirements)
studies on 5G) urgent aspects) and requirements)

NGMN 5G WP
Requirements Technical solutions
Standardization tracking and Implementation guidelines, use
and performance and gaps analysis,
driving, trials analysis cases development
targets feasibility

5G-PPP Phase 1 5G-PPP Phase 2 5G-PPP Phase 3

5G-PPP setup
(Exploration) (Detailed research and optimization) (Experiments and trials)
5G Timelines
Detailed 3GPP Release Schedule (Tentative)

• Stage 1: 03.2016 (service requirements)

Release 14 • Stage 2: 09.2016 (functional description)
(initial 5G
• Stage 3: 03.2017 (detailed implementation)*
studies)
* Specifications stable: 3 months later

• Stage 1: 06.2017
• Stage 2: 12.2017**
Release 15 • Stage 3: 06.2018
(5G phase 1)
** Include Stage 3 for 5G NSA option

• Stage 1: 12.2018
• Stage 2: 06.2019
Release 16 • Stage 3: 12.2019 (basis for submission to ITU-R)
(5G phase 2)
5G-Private Public Partnership
5G-Private Public Partnership

• An initiative between the EU ICT industry and the European Commission to create the next generation of communication networks and services that will provide
ubiquitous super-fast connectivity and seamless service delivery.
• Envisiones an IT and telco (including fixed and mobile accesses) convergence towards an ubiquitous infrastructure, based on general purpose, programmable and
high performance hardware offering resources for transport, routing, storage and execution.

General objectives

Conduct research and innovation

Develop the Next Generation of Serve as a consensus-based platform
1 work for the basis of the 5G
infrastructure (supporting
2 NW technologies taking into 3 Reinforce the European industrial
capability in communication
4 for effective collaboration of the
account key societal challenges and players from industry, academia,
applications from IoT to very high network technologies
their networking requirements research and SMEs
throughput services)

Pave the way towards successful

5 introduction of innovative business
models based on more powerful and
open networks
Help addressing non-technological
6 Support the emergence of global 7 barriers such as regulatory issues
standards
and spectrum availability

Develop skilled personnel,for

Validate technologies from a
8 technical and business perspective
through early trials and reference
deployments
9 research, development and
operation of advanced
10 Provide a reliable and trustworthy
communications infrastructure,
communication networks and use of which secures critical infrastructures
new systems in vertical markets
Source: 5G-PPP
5G-Private Public Partnership
5G Infrastructure

5G Infrastructure Vision Technological Challenges

1000x higher wireless area capacity and more varied service capabilities compared to 2010.

1000x more
capacity Saving up to 90% of energy per service provided.

Gigabit
Virtualized
access
NFs Networks, where the dominating energy consumption comes from the RAN.

5G
Infrastructure Reducing the average service creation time cycle from 90 hours to 90 minutes.

Support for
A secure, reliable and dependable Internet with a “zero perceived” downtime for
wide range Software provisioned services.
of based
applications
Ubiquitous Very dense deployments of wireless communication links to connect over 7 trillion
connectivity wireless devices serving over 7 billion people.

Enabling advanced user controlled privacy.

5G-Private Public Partnership
H2020 Projects to Network Domains Mapping (5GPPP Phase 1)

5G-NORMA Superfluidity 5G-ENSURE SESAME 5GEx

(flexible SDN/NFV based (end-to-end cloud-based (overall security (Management and
(SC evolution)
architecture) network) architecture) Orchestration)

Architecture

5G-XHAUL 5G-CrossHaul CHARISMA SELFNET CogNET

(dynamic (converged transport
(transport network) (SON evolution) (SON evolution)
backhaul/fronthaul) network)

Transport Network Management

Flex5Gware mmMAGIC FANTASTIC-5G SPEED-5G COHERENT METIS-II

(HW and SW platforms (overall RAN
(mmWave air interface) (air interface design) (spectrum management) (RAN coordination)
for radio interface) architecture)

Radio Access and RAN

* Most of them currently being finalized or are already finalized

5G-Private Public Partnership
H2020 Projects to Network Domains Mapping (5GPPP Phase II)

5G-MEDIA 5G-MoNArch 5G-City 5G-CAR 5G-XCast Bluespace

(programmable (cloud and radio platform
(network architecture for (V2X system (broadcast and multicast (spatial division
virtualization fabric for for municipalities acting
diverse services) architecture) capabilities for verticals) multiplexing for Ka band)
media industry) as neutral hosts)

Vertical applications

SaT5G NGPaaS
SLICENET (plug and play satcom
ONE 5G 5G Essence (new OSS/BSS model for
(e2e slicing) (multiservice operation) (SC evolution) Telco Platform-as-a-
solution for 5G)
Service)

Architecture

METRO-HAUL 5G-Transformer 5G-PICTURE NRG-5G MATILDA

(SDN/NFV based (converged front- and (framework for
(application aware (Smart Energy as a
transport and compute backhaul based on management of sliced
optical network) service)
platform) Disaggregated-RANs) programmable infra)

Transport Network Management

5G High Level Requirements
5G Requirements
ITU-R Technical Objectives Comparison Between 4G and 5G

Parameter IMT-Advanced (4G) IMT-2020 (5G)

Peak data rate DL: 1Gbps DL: 20Gbps
UL: 0.5Gbps UL: 10Gbps
User experienced data rate 10Mbps 100Mbps

Peak spectra efficiency DL: 15bps/Hz DL: 30bps/Hz

UL: 6.75bps/Hz UL: 15bps/Hz

Mobility 350km/h 500km/h

User Plane latency 10ms 1ms

Connection density 1 000 devices/km2 1 000 000 devices/km2

Energy consumption 1 (normalized) 1/10x of 4G

Mobile data volume 0.01Tb/s/km2 10Tb/s/km2

Source: 5G-PPP
5G Requirements Peak Data Rate
Requirements Chart Introduction

Area Traffic Capacity User Experienced Data Rate

Network Energy Efficiency Spectrum Efficiency

Connection density Mobility

Latency
5G Requirements Peak Data Rate
(Gbps)
IMT-Advanced vs IMT-2020 Capabilities
20
Area Traffic Capacity User Experienced Data Rate
(Mbit/s/m2) (Mbit/s)
10 100
1
10

0.1

100x 1x 1x 3x
Network Energy Efficiency Spectrum Efficiency

350
105

106
500
IMT- 10
Advanced Connection density Mobility
(4G)
(devices/km2) 1 (km/h)

IMT-2020
(5G) Latency
(ms)
5G Requirements Peak Data Rate
Capabilities Importance for Key Use Cases

Hig
h Im User Experienced Data Rate
Area Traffic Capacity por
tan
ce
Me
diu
mI
mp
orta
nce
L ow
Imp
orta
nce

Network Energy Efficiency Spectrum Efficiency

eMBB

URLLC Connection density Mobility

mMTC
Latency
NGMN and 5G Framework
5G Framework
NGMN and 5G Whitepaper - Introduction

NGMN aims at having a central role in the definition of the 5G system’s The NGMN 5G White Paper serves as a guideline for 5G definition and
requirements from the operators side. design, and provides insight into areas of further exploration by NGMN and
other industry stakeholders.

Regulators,
Governments

Operators / 5G Industry
members Initiatives

Vendors / Standardization
Sponsors bodies and
other fora

Other
stakeholders
Research /
(non NGMN
Advisors
partners – e.g.
OTT, verticals) https://www.ngmn.org/5g-white-paper.html
5G Framework
NGMN 5G Whitepaper – Key Elements of NGMN 5G Vision
Elements of NGMN
5G Vision

Use cases Business models Value creation

Broadband access in dense areas
(e.g. video) Business Business model
Broadband access everywhere role
(e.g. 50Mbps everywhere)
Asset XaaS (Iaas,NaaS,PaaS) Network sharing:
High user mobility Offering for a 3rd party Network
Trust Experience Service
provider • Security • Real time • Interaction
(e.g. High speed train) provider different NW infrastructure sharing
infrastructure based on static or • Identity experience and charging
Massive IoT capabilities dynamic policies • Privacy • Seamless • Quality of
(e.g. sensor networks) experience Service
Connectivity Basic connectivity Enhanced
BE connectivity in retail connectivity • Personalized • Context
Extreme real-time communications provider
& wholesale Connectivity with experience
(e.g. tactile internet) differentiated QoS
and configurability
Lifeline communications Underlying network à reliable and flexible
(e.g. natural disaster) Partner Operator offer Partner offer
service enriched by partner enriched by operator
Ultra-reliable communications provider Offering of NW Offering to end
(e.g. e-health services) capabilities to end customers with NW
customers with partner capabilities (e.g.
Broadcast-like services capabs (e.g. content) connectivity)
(e.g. DTV)
5G Framework
NGMN 5G Whitepaper – Key 5G System Techniques

Network slicing Big data and context Build-in security including privacy,
awareness identity protection, CP security
NFV, SDN XaaS

End-to-End
CP/UP split, DL/UL split, multi Automation
CP/UP split
connectivity
Minimization of legacy Self-healing
RAN sharing interworking
Carrier grade network cloud
Massive MIMO, CoMP RAT-agnostic core orchestration

Non-orthogonal transmission Fixed and mobile convergence Machine learning concepts

Moving cells, relays, D2D Tight interoworking with LTE

SON, multi-RAT coordination

Combined use of high and low

frequencies

Radio Access Network Core Network Operations and Management

 5G Framework
Translates UCs and business models into NW
functions and slices:
defines NW slices for specific application scenario,
NGMN 5G Whitepaper – 5G Architecture chains NFs, assigns relevant performance
configurations and maps to infrastructure, scales
capacity.

Specific use cases, applications and services of the

operator, enterprise, verticals or 3rd parties that
Operator
utilize 5G NW. services
Enterprise Verticals OTT

Business application layer

Business enabler APIs

E2E MANO
CP functions UP functions RAT config.

Library of all fcns required for the convergend

NW in the form of modular building blocks: Information repository / library of NFs
software NFs, configuration parameters

Business enablement layer

Virtualization

RAT3 RAT1
RAT2

Infrastructure resource layer Public and

private IP
networks

Devices RATs Physical resources of fixed mobile converged NW:

access, cloud nodes, storage, computation, 5G devices, networking nodes and links
5G Technologies and Spectrum Overview
5G Technologies
Overview

A centralized, cloud-computing based Utilization of the devices serving as a

Cloud-RAN RAN architecture where part of BB Device-to-Device relay to provide communications to
processing is done in the Edge-cloud. other devices.

A system with a very small cells that Decoupling SW from HW through

Ultra-Dense virtualization of network functions to be
provide continuous coverage in a NFV
Networks certain area. placed in a commodity HW.

A system with a multitude antenna Decoupling of the CP from UP enabling

Massive MIMO elements at the transmission/reception SDN efficient and separated optimization of
point. each Plane.

Utilization of a single infrastructure to

mmWave The use of high frequencies in the Network Slicing provide different and independent
range of 30-100GHz. logical networks.
5G Spectrum
Bands and Licensing Options
Frequency ranges

0.45-0.9 1.5-2.7 3.3-3.8 5-6 24.25-86 freq [GHz]

Sub-6GHz (including LTE) mmWave*

* For 5G Phase 1 frequencies to up to

52.6GHz are considered
Licensing options

License Exclusive License Shared Unlicensed

Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum
freq

Common management framework

Spectrum management
5G Introduction – Chapter Recap
5G Introduction
Chapter Summary

In this chapter you have learnt:

• What is the general scope of ”5G”,
• What are the key scenarions / use cases / services,
• What are the key players / stakeholders in the 5G research and standardization,
• What is 5G-PPP, what role does it have and what are the currently ongoing research
projects,
• What are the key requirements and diversification of the service requirements,
• What is NGMN and what the role of the NGMN whitepaper is,
• How the overall 5G network is defined,
• What are the key technologies, spectrum bands and licensing schemes envisioned for 5G.