Slides Talk 10 4 PDF

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter
Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010
Introduction to antenna and near-field

simulation in CST Microwave Studio®
software
JJorge R
R. C
Costa
t
Jerzy Guterman
© 2005, it - instituto de telecomunicações. Todos os direitos reservados.

CST Design
g Environment Analysis and design of static and low
frequency EM applications
Simulation of free moving

3D EM simulation of charged particles
high frequency
problems
“Circuit tool” which combine
Signal and power results from other CST
integrity and EMC/EMI simulators
analysis on printed
circuit boards
Signal and power integrity and
EMC/EMI analysis of cable harnesses
2 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS Simulation Method
FIT: Finite Integration Technique
Maxwell Equations Maxwell Grid Equations

r r
ur uur ∂B uur uur uur ⎛ ∂D r ⎞ uur d % = d d+j
∫∂S E ⋅ dl = −∫∫S ∂t ⋅ dS ∫∂S H ⋅ dl = ∫∫S ⎝⎜ ∂t + J ⎠⎟ ⋅ dS Ce = −
dt
b Ch
dt
ur uur ur uur % =q
Sd Sb = 0
∫∫ D ⋅ dS = ∫∫∫ ρ dV
∂V V ∂V
∫∫ B ⋅ dS = 0
r
ur uur ∂B uur d
Ce = −
∫ E ⋅ dl = − ∫∫S ∂t ⋅ dS
∂S
dt
b
Calculation
Domain Grid
ek
el bn e j ⎡ ei ⎤
⎢e ⎥
d
ei [1442443] ⎢⎢e j ⎥⎥ = − [{
1 1 − 1 −1 bn ]
k dt
C ⎢ ⎥ b
ei + e j − ek − el = −
d
bn ⎣{ el ⎦
dt e

CST MWS Transient Solver
Material Equations
r r
D=εE d = M εe
r r
B=μ H b = M μh
r r uur
J = σE + J s j = M σe + js
Transient Solver
t
i +1 −1 i +1 2
h = h − Δt M μ Ce
i
ei +3 2 = ei +1 2 + Δt M ε −1 ⎡⎣Ch
% i +1 − ji +1 ⎤ hi ei +1 2 hi+1 ei +3 2
⎦

CST MWS User Interface
Project type selection

(environment parameters)
Navigation Tree
Drawing Plane
Project Messages
Variables List
Windows

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Initial Setup
¾ Select
S l t new project
j t iin CST MWS
¾ Select “Antenna (Mobile Phone)” template
¾ Confirm units
¾ Confirm environment (air)

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Geometry Drawing
¾ Draw
D cylinder
li d
¾ Name: “Arm_up”
¾ Dimensions (in mm)
¾ Material: Perfect Electric

Conductor – “PEC”
¾ Select object in
navigation
i ti ttree
¾ Object transform

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Excitation and Simulation Setup
¾ Insert
I discrete
di port
¾ Setup frequency range
¾ Run Transient Solver

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
1D Results
¾ In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t
1D Results
o S11
o Smith Chart
o Port Signal
o Energy
¾ Can export results in

txt file or
TOUCHSTONE format

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Setting Monitors
¾ Add FiField
ld M
Monitors
it ((navigation
i ti
tree + right mouse bottom):
o E
E-field
field @ 2
2.2
2 GHz
o H-field @ 2.2 GHz
o Farfield/RCS @ 2.2 GHz

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Improving simulation
¾ Boundary
B d C
Conditions
diti ->
>
Symmetry Planes
o YZ plane: magnetic (Ht

(Ht=0)
0)
o XZ plane: magnetic (Ht=0)
o XY plane: electric (Et=0)
¾ Transient Solver
o Adaptive mesh refinement

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Adaptive mesh results
¾ In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t 1D
Results -> Adaptive Meshing
o S11
o Mesh cells
o Solver time
¾ Transient Solver
o Deselect “Adaptive
mesh refinement”
o Press Apply

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Near-field results
¾ In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to t 2D/
3D Results -> E-field or H-field:
o Field components
o Amplitudes
o Phases
¾ Can export results in txt

file

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Far-field results
¾ In
I navigation
i ti ttree go to
t
Farfields:
o Field components
o Co-pol. and Cross-pol.
o Polar, 2D or 3D
o Rad. Efficiency
o Directivity or Gain
¾ Can export
p results in txt
file or in GRASP format

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Structure Parameterization
¾ Select “Arm_up” in
navigation tree
¾ Edit object
¾ In define cylinder, change

Zmax to variable “L”
¾ Transient Solver
o Par. Sweep
o Add watch S11 in dB
o New Seq
Seq. &
New Par. “L”
¾ Check & Start

1st Example:
p Dipole
p Antenna
Mesh Operations
¾ Enable
E bl mesh
h view
i
¾ View global mesh properties
¾ Change local mesh of

“Arm_up”

Visit CST Website
www.cst.com

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Geometry Drawing
¾ New Project
¾ Draw “Ground”, “Substrate” and “Patch”
¾ Define discrete port

28 mm 11 mm
(use local coordinate system)
¾S
Setup
t frequency
f range (1 to
t 3 GHz)
GH )
& Field Monitors @ 2.2 GHz
¾ Run transient solver
Object Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax Zmin Zmax Material

Ground -40 40 -40 40 0 0 02
0.02 Copper
Substrate -40 40 -40 40 0.02 3 RT5880
Patch -28 28 -21 21 3 3.02 Copper

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Coaxial Feed (Part 1)
¾ Copy S11 dB curve & delete discrete port
¾ Macros -> Calculate -> Analytical Line

Impedance
p
¾ Draw “Inner Conductor” cylinder:
o Select
S l t “Ground”
“G d” ((repeatt for
f “Substrate”)
“S b t t ”)
o Object -> Boolean -> Insert -> “Inner

Conductor
Conductor”
Object Radius Zmin Zmax Material
Inner Conductor 0.45 -20 3 Copper
pp
Dielectric 1.49 -20 0 Teflon (εr = 2.08)
Outer Conductor 1.8 -20 0 Copper

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Coaxial Feed (Part 2)
¾ Pick lateral face of “Inner
Inner Conductor
Conductor”
¾ Object -> Extrude -> create “Dielectric” 1.04
¾ Repeat for “Outer Conductor”
¾ Pick top face of “Dielectric”
¾ Object -> Local Modifications -> Move Face (-3)
¾ Repeat
p for “Outer Conductor”
Object Radius Zmin Zmax Material

Inner Conductor 0.45 -20 3 Copper
pp
Dielectric 1.49 -20 0 Teflon (εr = 2.08)
Outer Conductor 1.8 -20 0 Copper

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Waveguide Port
¾ Pick bottom face of “Outer
Outer Conductor
Conductor”
¾ Select Waveguide Port
¾ In navigation tree see 2D/3D Results -> Port

M d
Modes
¾ Compare S11 curves

2nd Example:
p Microstrip
p Patch
Simulation of a body above antenna
¾ Copy E- and H-planes radiation patterns
¾ Copy S11 dB curve
¾ Create brick of “Body”: -70 70
-70 70
o Create new material “Body” 10 40
εr=5 d σ=1
5 and 1 (S/
(S/m))
¾ See S11 curve &

radiation patterns

Q
Questions
ti ?
After a CST simulation ...

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IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Introduction to antenna and near-field

© 2005, it - instituto de telecomunicações. Todos os direitos reservados.

Simulation of free moving

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

2 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Maxwell Equations Maxwell Grid Equations

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

3 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

4 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Project type selection

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

5 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Select “Antenna (Mobile Phone)” template

¾ Confirm environment (air)

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

6 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Dimensions (in mm)

¾ Material: Perfect Electric

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

7 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Setup frequency range

¾ Run Transient Solver

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

8 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Can export results in

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

9 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

o H-field @ 2.2 GHz

o Farfield/RCS @ 2.2 GHz

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

10 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

o YZ plane: magnetic (Ht

o XZ plane: magnetic (Ht=0)

o XY plane: electric (Et=0)

o Adaptive mesh refinement

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

11 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

12 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Can export results in txt

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

13 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

o Co-pol. and Cross-pol.

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

14 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ In define cylinder, change

o Add watch S11 in dB

¾ Check & Start

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

15 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ View global mesh properties

¾ Change local mesh of

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

16 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

17 Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

¾ Draw “Ground”, “Substrate” and “Patch”

¾ Define discrete port

¾ Run transient solver

Object Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax Zmin Zmax Material