aay MAIN & ADVANCED Integral CalculusBE PREPARED FOR Fully Revised JEE 2018 MAIN & ADVANCED Integral Calculus Practice all Objective Questions from his book on your mobile for Free Detailed instructions inside Amit M. Agarwal ye ARIHANT PRAKASHAN, MEERUTPREFACE “You can do anything if you set your mind to it, [ teach calculus to JEE aspirants but believe the most important formula is Courage+ Dreams = Success” It is a matter of great pride and honour for me to have received such an overwhelming response to the previous editions of this book from the readers. Ina way, this has inspired me to revise this book thoroughly as per the changed pattern of JEE Main & Advanced. I have tried to make the contents more relevant as per the needs of students, many topics have been rewritten, a lot of new problems of new types have been added in etcetc. Alll possible efforts are made to remove all the printing errors that had crept in previous editions. The book is now in such a shape that the students would feel at ease while going through the problems, which will in turn clear their concepts too. ‘A Summary of changes that have been made in Revised & Enlarged Edition + Theory has been completely updated so as to accommodate all the changes made in JEE Syllabus & Pattern in recent years. * The most important point about this new edition is, now the whole text matter of each chapter has been divided into small sessions with exercise in each session. In this way the reader will be able to go through the whole chapter in a systematic way. + Justafter completion of theory, Solved Examples of all JEE types have been given, providing the students a complete understanding of all the formats of, JBE questions & the level of difficulty of questions generally asked in JEE. + Along with exercises given with each session, a complete cumulative exercises have been given at the end of each chapter so as to give the students complete practice for JEE along with the assessment of knowledge that they have gained with the study of the chapter. + Last 10 Years questions asked in JEE Main & Adv, IITJEE & AIEEE have been covered in all the chapters. However I have made the best efforts and put my all calculus teaching experience in revising this book. Still Lam looking forward to get the valuable suggestions and criticism from my own fraternity i. the fraternity of JEE teachers. I would also like to motivate the students to send their suggestions or the changes that they want to be incorporated in this book. All the suggestions given by you all will be kept in prime focus at the time of next revision of the book. Amit M. AgarwalCONTENTS 1. Indefinite Integral LEARNING PART Session 1 + Fundamental of Indefinite Integral Session 2 + Methods of Integration Session 3 ‘+ Some Special Integrals Session 4 ‘+ Ineegration by Parts, 2. Definite Integral LEARNING PART Session 1 + Integration Basics + Geometrical Interpretation of Definite Integral + Evaluation of Definite Integrals by ‘Substitution Session 2 + Properties of Definite Integral Session 3 + Applications of Piecewise Function Property Session + © Applications of Even-Odd Property and Half the Integral Limit Property 1-82 Session 5 + Integration Using Partial Fractions Session 6 + Indirect and Derived Substitutions Session 7 + Euler's Substitution, Reduction Formula and Integration Using Differentiation PRACTICE PART ‘+ JEE Type Examples + Chapter Exercises 83-164 Session 5 + Applications of Periodic Functions and Newron-Leibnite's Formula, Session 6 Integration as Limit of a Sum Applications of Inequality Gamma Function Beta Function Wall's Formula PRACTICE PART + JEE Type Examples + Chapter Exercises3. Area of Bounded Regions LEARNING PART. Session 1 ‘© Sketching of Some Common Curves ‘+ Some More Curves Which Occur Frequently in Mathematics in Standard Forms © Asymptotes © Areas of Curves 4. Differential Equations LEARNING PART Session 1 + Solution of a Differential Equation Session 2 * Solving of Variable Seperable Form + Homogeneous Differential Equation Session 3 + Solving of Linear Differential Equations + Bernoulli's Equation + Orthogonal Trajectory 165-232 Session 2 Area Bounded by Two or More Curves PRACTICE PART ‘= JEE Type Examples © Chapter Exercises 233-308 Session 4 + Exact Differential Equations Session 5 + Solving of First Order & Higher Degrees + Application of Differential Equations + Application of First Order Differential Equations PRACTICE PART + JEE Type Examples + Chapter ExercisesSYLLABUS FOR JEE MAIN Integral Calculus Integral as an anti - derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Evaluation of simple integrals of the type Integral as limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form. Differential Equations Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential equations. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type & + plaly= ale) SYLLABUS FOR JEE Advanced Integral Calculus Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard. functions, definite integrals and their properties, application of the Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus. Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations, variables separable method, linear first order differential equations,CHAPTER 01 Indefinite Integral Learning Part Session 1 + Fundamental of Indefinite Integral Session2 * Methods of integration Session3 * Some Special Integrals Session 4 * Integration by Parts Session 5 * Integration Using Partial Fractions Session 6 * Indirect and Derived Substitutions Session7 * Euler's Substitution, Reduction Formula and Integration Using ifferentiation Practice Part = JEE Type Examples * Chapter Exercises ‘Arihant on Your Mobile ! Exercises with the {3} symbol can be practised on your mobile. See inside cover page to activate for free.2 Textbook of Integral Calculus 1 wat inhi apect that the proceso integration wat treated by Leib the symbol off being reared as the ina etter ofthe words in he sue way a the Symbol of dieentistion dhe nia ete fn the word Definition AE f and g are functions of x such that (x)= f(x), then the function gis called anti-derivative (or primitive funetion or simply integral) off wnt. .Jes written sombotialy, | (6) deat) where ge) =f) Remarks teinothe worst ae Coit =f00) 2 J i de =9 0 cheracisconstat, (ae) Or a's) =f(nlandcisecledconstantotintearation, Session 1 Fundamental of Indefinite Integral Fundamental of Indefinite Integral Since, Atewo=r) ° ffode ‘Therefore, based upon this definition and v differentiation formulas, we obtain the following integration formulae ve 4 ) Flos (xy +e Beetyact a fet dene +e cin Ze fi : wih jous standard =f .ae=log|x|+Cwhen x #0 example 1 2.10°*"+e1=|n+t)x, then find fx dx Sol As Bet Clans) = (8+ C) is ant derivative o integral of + 1) 2 1 example 2 Leon x+-c)=Ccos x, then find Jeosxde a sot as Lanes C)= cons ot sins +C is ant derivative or integra of co Jooerdr=Ginsyee () Aeeosxasine = fine dx con s+C (0) £ene)mcorx = foo de=sins +0 ci) Ztansy=sect x foes! xdestan e+ (vit) (cot x) =eosectx =f corctx de =-eot +6 (3) L (ee 2) =e tan = focextan ede =s0e x +6 a (6) Et-cosee x) =cosee xeot x = Jome xeat x de cones + a (x) og sin x 3 feotxde=togisin }4.c(xi0-£ tog|ooe |) =tan x = fuanxdr=—logleos x|+¢ (ot) 4 ogee + tanx) =see x = occ de =log sce x +tanx|+C a) -tgoneen cts) sce x feos x de =log|oonec x cot x|+C Example 3 Evaluate 0 fa so ore ete (5, o foe +5? Chap 01 Indefinite integral 3 = fle 450 nde =| +e ‘arasi* iter =17Ei 42s an! ec 5 Go. 1 = feat +5 de tosinglab? =a 4308 +81 a feet 41st 7503 105) de set 150? +L sarc ms 43x? 4250 4 25e4 C TExample 4 Evaluate (fan? xe Sol 0) T= fran? rds = 1 fleee!x- de Im oct te ~ fide (sing fae? xe = tan +] Ietnx- 40 a [using (a + by =a? + 6? +3ab(0+5)) sin? cos! x)? Bain xo" xin! #08") gy sin® x cos?4 Textbook of Integral Calculus ec det fone! dete Tetum ~cotx=2440 w [using cos2x = 2e0s" = potemaesetty, las-2on? x cons 15 (2eonx +N (085-1) 3 1afeecore+nde Ietanre rec Remark In rational algebraic functions ifthe degre of rumeatoris {rster han or equal te degree of denominator then alaays Arid tne umerator by deremiator ana use te result Integration Texample 5 tvaluate Osa* xs ane? x2 ra f(e-aee4 Ale . 1a Paw te —stoglx $214 0 taf Sapte os 2st) Psa) lar tex Zon (Je pox-our(Z) +e ari LExample 6 Evaluate (y famet de Sob () 1= fs de = amet “esr *° (w foe ae Ide [Using a aah hese! ings 5+ (i) 1 ft de = [2 de = F200" be fare +c [vce «=e = fate den fe de fosing a= 5) +e 38 Javidi Bese (J+ Nx? =1) oy 1 example 7 Evaluate Seow nLite" 9) a Bere ase Grae ae (Using, a* = 6° = (a = by(a? + ab + 0°) sob Hee 1= [UE sftenee nse example 8 evaluate jae 0 ey” teat Ute) aj aes) =fae sak. () ere, 1=f Lapa eh aee-af [Uaing.o 4 =(as Ve +de-af shite ates | ae (2) wars c-3) ss(eapeeueet taser lastaesatoaety O=2 -s(caageteesned nen sea Ge steeiiaeF 0-20 oa) using te + 42! 4 1= tox! 46st 41a? = (4a 43) = ay (4? 414201 it) way) Chap 01 Indefinite Integral 5 +9 _ wee ),, =a pesicav'ide _j een =20 ge ea aJartnarestexec L Example 10 Evaluate 1 9 Sango ae Fexrpmeycoste—8) aera EE aerated » ae Sanerayene9 sot 1=f, wine ace ener if =. = ag tesla = 0) tt codon I) Vos =a) coe eB) n(x —B) con x= ~ cos (x ~ a) cos (x —6)] Jtance=0)=an¢e~ahde ine “a= Iogleode—byrlogeostx—a|]+C6 Textbook of integral Calculus example 1 elute fSP9 4 Important Points Related tae to Integration Sol tet t= fE8ED oe rex sdat = dent sates) 1. JiF(x) de =k J (x) des where is constant Le the ro pintado gy integral ofthe product ofa constant and a a funtion =the constant integral ofthe Function = ffetgete setae 2 JURE ht tel de cos(a~ B)f dt +n (a~ 8) fon () dt =[hladet| eres] flees 1 cos (28) + sn (2~ Blogs t+ Lethe integral ofthe sum or diference ofa finite HUE+besle—b)+sn(e=Blegin(esb)4e number functions is qu othe sum or diferece ofthe integrals of the various functions 1eranele at : 4. Geometrical interpretation of constant of FF 0)= S42 and sor=3, then id fo integration By adding C means the graph of x % function would shift in upward or downward (0 The aint ofthe carve ahen by % direction along yaxis as Cis ove or ve respectively ‘The curve passes through (2) find its equation °6 yafedent +e Soh (9 Oven, 2) E43, ed (om integratingboth sides wert x 240, weast [y(arér= (E+) ex SS pala! = yah sabegix ite , frye} sage 0 == Now, as 0) = (lle as ntl vale problem gure 1 te-wnen x=ty= Sor f= 3) * y=] fl) de=FO) +c Poting.<=1in Ea 0) 3 Fis)= flo F’on)= fla) F0)=4 eahgii+c.be fined Hence, y= J f(x) de denotes a family of curves such ‘ thatthe slope ofthe tangent at rember is same ie. P(x) the domain of f(x)) Hence, anti-derivative ofa function is not unigue. I 43(+) and g() re two anticdecivatives of a function ‘Sx)on{a.b],then they differ only by a constant. ie. Bx)— (2) =C 1 on every fx) [when x, lies in Andere of continous funetion i f= f(ox-2)= atic 4.17) continous, then Jflayden Ax) +0 - Foye fe) “ shay etna cata jones > Fe) 5 eet ra tie Since, curve passes through (1,1), = 1a143+C=9chap 01 Indefinite integral 7 5. If integral i discontinuous at x= x, then ts anti-derivatve at x =x; need not be discontinuous, 3 eg, fx a Here, xs dsontnaous atx =0,Dutfx-V2de =2 2? Cin cominousat 0 6: Ant-derivative ofa period funtion ned not be aperiodic function. ex) =co8x +s periodic but coos #1) dr msins + Clea erode Daily Life Applications The Devatve The inegal Fanconi deat function in syne Penson isan iene ae derivative Function Damme) Vee a Distase joe a Vay) Ascenso vans v= ate # Wg) UnerDemiy@) pat mw Dey yo [eae & Topdaion ) Tseng oP Tasaon Govt Poploe mia z caate) Magia Oi) Nagar Ga ews) ori(*2) 4 ‘Revenue (f) Marginal Revenue (MR) ‘Marga Revers ‘Revenue Hire, is quantity of products. Exercise for Session 1 1 Evaluate the following integration 7 Py 1 (eae - Seats 9° (+x) 4. fw 8 ee Sie = o, fcttattadae a iF 8. [zt an 10, [(o™™* +0") 6x 11, [Aten be gy 12, J tan x tan2x tan 3x oe Bate tan 13. [SAE a 14, | cos? x dx 15. {ain xc00? x deSession2 Methods of Integration Methods of Integration Ifthe integral is nota derivative of simple funtion, then the corresponding integrals cannot be fund deel In ‘onde of the integral of complex problems we PE af ane Some Integrals which Cannot be Found Any fanction continuous on an interval (a,b) has an anticderivative in that interval. In other words, there exists a function F (x) such that F(x) = f (2) However, not every anti-derivative F(x), even when it exist, is expressible in closed form in terms of elementary functions euch as polynomial, trigonometric, logarithmic, ‘exponential functions ete. Then, we say that such anti-derivatives or integrals “cannot be found”. Some typical examples are SE a @ [ee wf (9 [ima de ow foe oy fysin de fain") (ois foos(x*) de (wy fe tan xe fete (fe te (09 [ede an fT ae (in [JF dee Integration by Substitution {or by change of the independent variable) If g(x) isa continuously differentiable function, then to evaluate integrals ofthe form, JF (eG). 2'(#) dx, we mbt g(x)=tand g’(e) de =di ‘he naatttoneeduees he integral to (0 dt, After evanting this ietegzal we substitute back the valu of Lexample 13 Prove that (ox+by"" (oto SoL Putting, ax+b=1, we get Jlocsopac= 2" ener ade=dtorde ade et to feacoraesfete hE + (axrop ae anv) +6 Remarks Li fra e900 + Citen fre Daewoo + B16 ajo roles ita f—" ara leglar 4 b1+c “Tus, inary fundamental intra ormuise given i article Fundamental integration formuae iin place of we have (er sb) then same formala's applicable but we must divide by Coeficiente ear deruatne oft Die-a Here is the list of some of frequently used formulae _lortey i) J (ax +b)" dx = +Cne— 0 flac +0y de cement Je floglax+5|+¢ (uo fort deter gc Gop Jaber dead oe +e Boga 1 (0) Jantar +0) dx = eoslax +b) +0 (0 fooler +8) deeb aner 48) 46 (oi) Jove? (ox +8) dx =F tan(ax +6) +6(iit) Jcosee? (ax +b): cot (ax +b) +0 (falar uaterst)de=tester te (0) Jose (ax+b) cot(ax +B) dx=—Leasec(ax #6)4+C (2) tan(ax +6) de =—2 ogloos(ar +8)|+C log|sin(ax +8)|+C (ap feat ae +6) d= 1 (sy [oce(artbyte= tg sec (0e +) Han (ex +)KC Cas) footers) ng cnear +8) -coers BC example 14 evaluate Bt ° ea ei ® Saas (i fox-2 rT. ww) [I ea St Hee F=f (feats fee |G a [BFE de f eT de 1 fers a") ,1fors"| 6 a] arexa | 3] sixes (oro ving. foe +97 = a for sap? +Gx4PtEC (2 tee = J EPS Fie fest Inet oh bea 2 fifa ripe = flax +77 ee 9 (eg)-[e22") sient) (iret Haren” Laren! +c Chap 01 Indefinite integral 9 (i) Here. 1= 0-23 de =7|(x~ 2ST te =2) x-fi ee =2{fors2-2-$} fix Fi ae a Lfox saint? de 2 ere de Lora ae rie Boxes ec = oe sat— watyax_ (2act est oonteet= Sees Sex) Lexample 15 evaluate of (SS 09 foe ow festa nde so) r= [SCE ae ates Wen that gs) = Thus tog = 1 = leet 0 sine) de=~ cos(ty + (using Eq. (0) == cos dog x) +6 Sin x4 608 (OT Vane =Seonx 4 Werknow, 4 (sin x 3082) = (4 cos x +n 2) “Thus let sin #308 x= 0 > (hor x +3sin x) de = dt10 Textbook of Integral Caleulus [fanase fjage tte acta aetet mint Remarks ‘Wile srg product of tignometi, sexpert io use the folowing tigonomettc centiies {sin(n e+ sini nie Maint 9x—sioym—ae} 2 2.c08me inne 2. sina sane = 3 {o0s (m=) x ~cos(en+ 22) 4, 608 mx cos c= 1 (eae A+ cost 0) Heostn—n)x+ costs nin) LExample 16 Evaluate (i feosaxcos7xdx (i) feosxcos2x.cossx dy ‘Sol When calculating such tnteprals it is advisable to us the trigonometric product formulae (9 Jom tx cos 7x 7x = (cos 3x + 608 113) Here, os 4x cor 7 = H(co83x d (con(m—n)x¢costm-+ ms] (i) [oor x costs conse, Webave os cor Bear See lense + condense tute cxmesore = einen cote locos x cos Sx #2c08 3 551 (cos 4x + cos 6) + (e052 + cos 85) conxcos2e cosSx = Lfeesde heostx+ cose + costal (co x con 2x cos 5x) dr Jloosae + cos de cone + ot de 6 TExample 17 Evaluate 6) fonxcosxcos2xcossxde o freee © Sesats Sol () Here, ( Here, () Here, cos? x 0) Fyscos2x de sine cot 08 2x cos 43 de = Nfs e cone-coser con 4x de sing, sin 2 = 2sin 08 x] in 4x-con tnd = 1, fasinax contr de = Efainte de = 288 5 rf t= Jom ards sin2x Using, cos 2 folate (Using, cor2 cos x= ies fore x+y de=Lean x46 coste (Using, cos 2x = cos? x -sin?al“Gar ae)* = cotes tc») de a= cot e—tan x + en sol sso2e—1 yp 1oene2x (0 Here =f wear 1 Vr eorte Weaet 1= [BEE ar {using 1 ~ con 2e = Quin? xan + cos = 20s! 2] = fuante de Asstantx=ee's 1 1 floc x=1) deta x40 1 Example 18 Evaluate ‘cot? 2x —1 t=) (St sae cose Exercise for Session 2 1 Solve the following integration a 1 Seana B 3. [sin xcos?x sh? de 5 [MELEE dntamlenxvensino 6 7 (ete an e 8. jaro 10. 1 sfen(eed)-ae( oe 2 13, ffenasnge-oyven(S-a)Joe 14 15. Jo, here cos 2x >0 Chap 01 Indefinite integral 11 ne ra fs! 1 fot x= cor cot x) de weortrcat tree [oe cou2a= tae] = foot ax(1~cos 8x) [using cos2a = 2504} = feat 4x-2sn*(4s) de ‘Tocevaluate this typeof integrals, divide numerator and denominator both by es! x, replace se, i any, in denominator by i+ tant x) and put tan x =t.So that sect xde mde example 26 Evaluate of 4 ain? x +9008 sot) =f Tin +9 cor = ec fo oe Here, dividing nemerstor and denominator by cos, We get a Fenny tant Gale (Ee a ivi numeraior nd denominator by cos swe get wctrée op set ede 1 [ypetam ants Sag ran 9) ane sed nde eters Lat tanx=t = sect ede edt asta an" | ta pg to| {b) Integrals of the Form Scamee bears Saati \seieers** lca zthcen are Cchap 01 Indefinte integral 17 ‘To evaluate this typeof integrals we put tan x /2 tan! x /2 tan? x /2 Vetan® x/2 by performing these steps the integral reduces tthe fm [awe ante eaately smethods discussed earlier. Example 27 evaluate andeos x and replace tan x as © Seamaseasx tan ere ‘tn! a 9 epann rome Sol. For thie type we se sin wa x12 user ee ae 7A (tare ‘aa? x72 Vita? x/2 2ae ae ‘laa gpa a oe fio (S2ZAt) cc Our feo ‘e Mim Eei-unt= Mens 31B Textbook of integral Calculus Pot tan Fmt = Lace! Ede ad “ a mane NaF ati] 2-8 + tan x/2 pele (c) Alternative Method to Evaluate the Integrals of the Form lowers ‘To evaluate this typeof integrals we subsite a2=reos0,b=rsinOand so e+e, 0. ‘ asinx +beos x 1 So Saarsbeae*7r 1 Lexample 28 erate [de ‘Sok Let JS=rsin® and t=r cos rhe BFF ttn 1S Saxe i 2 Joectx- Ode ont 3 i ae {d) Integrals of the Form Jrcorstasine ye cor x4 qsin xr Vevenat ae bsin x acorr+bsinx re alle For (i) In this integral express numerator as, 2 (denominator) + (fa. of denominator) +. Find 2} and y by comparing coefficients of sin x,c08 x and constant frm and split the integral into sum of three integrals. cot (enoninats) ax Mane |e aaa aaa Rolle for(i) Express num {dierentition of denominator) and find 2 andj a above (2+ 5cos x) example 29 evaluate f—P* 32059 Sol. Wete the numerator =, (denominator) +(e of denominatr) + = 243c08x=Aoinx + 2e08%-+3)+ (cos —2sin x) + ‘Comparing the coeflcens of sin x, cos x and constant terms, we get Onn =m, 2=2h-+p, 20947 = kegs wea/s y=-8/5 fide s2 foe en2a x 5linevtenx+3 Wer b= Sarena de one se X de “lott banat weet Eide J tn St tan! Fy 2tan 2 + aezu yy at Pans laa ~E) example 30. The value of {t+ tanx-tan(x+ alld is equal to 19 etrts| AEG |+e A (b) tan A log|see (x +A) +E (4) None ofthe above Sob tat T= ft ctan (e+ Ade =i _ foe) ase gg : corrcas(e A) cou(x A= side ~ Voge xeon) a wareneTA Maliphying and ving by nA. et oamemntes Oa ‘cor eieos(x A) cos Af ain Ade wees A) sin(x+A~x)de coe xscas(e + A) not af ment a chap 01 Indefinite Integral 19 sf eat Alfie A) ft cot Allo ee(x+ A)|-lgliee + nee, (Qisthe core nave. fase example 31 the vale of [cs equal to (ole + Yeo X= +g ++ feos x=172|+C (b) tog cot x-+ e001] + VE og cos x ++ feos x=1/21+¢ (6) gh cot x + feot™ x1] + 2logh cos ++ feos e172 +e () ~log|eot x + yeot® x1] +2og|cos x + feos? x=/2| +0 sot tet = fH ae =f ara ae Eh ae ae eas wath + {FTI} gles fF aaa antag oat + Yea Th goal Lmrrcsie Hence, (0) the coetect answer.20 Textbook of integral Calculus Exercise for Session 3 * Evaluate the following integrals, 4, | xo Janes Ode 5 Sreetas 5. f Jape oe abe x® a 18. \Tanxceoax ox 32 x sin x 17 Saxe ieooe 18 Jinx coo x . * a 20. loos x —cos® x 19. Sema lice 24. Evaluate [ SE ** FEE oe 22. Evalute j (2x — 4+ ax — xa, (2x? + 5x + 9)dx 28 Sea atexet ow 24, The value of f "is equal to 4 fgg) tanxi2—1- v2 tafisina + connde Fy tanxl2— 1+ 2 re tanx/2~ 1-2 tanx/2= 1+ J2 ne ome | ne!2ot (5 ene enane | al2a td wrafenes ine }re fee (4) None of theseSession4 Integration by Parts Integration by Parts “Theorem Ifwand are two Functions of x, then du Juvare fot [{& Jour} ae sc Te integral of product of two functions = (ast fanction x integral of second Function) ~ integral of (Gifferential of frst fanction x integral of second function). Proof For any two functions f(x) and g(),we have f =f) Z tao) +90 Ete -ateoh = $00) Flat) +4000) n I(s00 Ligoiea) ren feof re) g@de (rer Lacon a+ (009-4 000 =f p02 ean = [(neo Beacon Joe =fytr-ee de (eo Zueo ve ferent Lite» Seat (0) Jude Jote-f[ Joss} -ex Remarks Wile appyng the ave rule carehas to be taken nthe Selection ola function (ad selection of second furetion ermal we use the folowing method {Lin he product ofthe a functions, one ofthe functions is not atesty integrable (3. logl xsi" y.c08" "a te.) Thon, we take asthe frst uneton and the remaining functions taken, second neta. Inthe integration ct feta Jura tar «is ten asthe est function and as re second function 2 ifinere iso omertuneton than unity taken asthe second function. eg, inthe integration of ft dtr xis taken sft function an she second unetion 2 both ofthe function ae direct ntegabe then he fis futon chosen in uch a way tat te eve of ho {uneion thas obtained undorintegra sgn ay teorble. ‘Usually we use the following preference order for selecting the first function. (Inverse, Logarithmic, Algebra, Trigonometric, Exponent). In above stated order, the Function on the lefts always chosen asthe first function, This rule is called as ILATE. Texample 32 Evaluate () fin” xe i) f loge Ix de Sok () 1 fein" de = faint x1 de on Her, we know by definition of integration by parts that tnde of preference i taken according to ILATE. So, ‘Gia should be taken as first and ax the second. fanetion to apply by parts ‘Applying integration by parts, we get Tesh = fog ede w La font deen? + (8) T= floge| «1 ae =x logle|- fide Iog|x|=x +e 1 Example 33 Evaluate (0 frcosxde (0 J? cosxde sat (9 [rcorxds, 1 Jrcorxée22 Textbook of integral Caloulus Apolyng integration by parts Fe xifeorxan~[{ Eco} flcor aside Tessin fr-sin dee xsin xeon x46 1 fet cone ot Applying integration by prs, rox Georeaey- ffL00}-sfoorsee 2 in x= [2 Gin s) de = xsinx=2 [x(n 2dr We again have to integrate [a de using integration bypass sin r—2 fran de * in x-2{a( fain de )~ ($2) fo xara 2 in x2 con x= ft-(~ con x) 6x} a sin 24 2 con Ban 24.6 sin YR— cos VE example 34 evahate [AT te Yeon NE ge ee sin”! Je ~(n/2~sin"! V3) eee sin"'@ 4 cor"*0= 0/2] 3 ted Josie -niade of foot ar fide fan! YEde— x40 0 in? 8 then dr = 200 con 808 =n 29 Join IF de = fo-sin 38 Let ‘Apply integration by pats Jao 'de=-0- SB ft conando sn! Ve (uneeiebv dime , rom Fae (an, weg wiv Vey -20)+ alias] aoe Integral of Form fe” {f(x) +1’ (x)}ax “Theorem Prove that Jet rons Finlaenet feee Proof Weave, fet (f(0) +’ COI de = fet sarder fet fax fayiet —fprayretde + fer sade rc (x)et 40 “Thus to erate the integral ofthe ype Je ress ide, ve est express the integral as the sum of two integrals Jet £0) deand fe* f(x) dx and then integrate the integral involving e* f(x) as integral by parts taking e* ss second finetien Remark Teo hon lo tein hve in pace? ie ferUrtiniesumarne™ rays ¢ General Concept Jet Flare’ + "ae Le) (0) a + feel poayae YW 1 Using, fet <4/(x) de met”), we get = fl0)- 08 J pay etl ade s fot epee Proof I= [ett a sey-et ac ce fenestrated) mo fetrenrecann (ow eedChap O1 Indefinite Integral 23 SHS) = fet sins de — fet see de wo ttt con tft sect conte feet eens 1-ifate J Example 35 evaluate Integrals of the Form ose (ER) awper(sms le [er onoren re sa rofor( SEES Then 1 fainbe-e® de tafe | estate ent (2) -foonte te 1 Jet tun x see tae a fet ctn eae fe Simialy, fe con ede = (acos br + bsin bx) + et yee Alter Use ules equation Let Pafet conte de and Q= fet" sin br de I example 36 eat fot (5) een, Poiqefet od den = fer (222) den for Cazete) A evn A=i ae sa ref a) ae fre la prige tet tat easton)24 Textbook of integral Calculus LExample 37 evaluate ) Je cos* x de (i) fsingog ade “tesa Jet det foorzeet de pat eotn o where, = feor2ee® de asin axe? de cos 2x0 d= cas 20-6" faa] corte +2 inaretde 5 10 cus 20-42 in Bee" ~ f2cor2e-e" do} ef con Be #2ain zee" = 1 (et eos 2x + 25in 2x") “6 From Eas) and we et Jed Let cos zx +2sin 2x-e4) rater el Lie corte szanzee! ates Let foszes2sin2al +C sien 10 iF ad (i) 1= finden de Let og x= red or denedh lajapogartnt log sin = (cose = fosine-e ai) Jadssin eco =F ale (int cos +c sake D 1% [sin dog »)~ e042) + © xx le 38. evaluate f ——* Uesample 38 ee Fon (xsin x + 00s x) Manip an ving it by cos sh we et a ee te foes nx sco texwen [Se Hie] Water F atti} SSE Gin x 08) tae ~ ferme stan e009) co) axeer _,p_(esine soon) gp Train eon) Goat x (eain com =) “Ganesenay ne ee cater’ wif oo Gn ae af wafer @)) oF -afee Uf s(or G8 a (Sea fec (d) None ofthe above Sat Her, 1 [PE in (4 =a) te Put x=3co00 = de 63in 00 8 int ER tin ain 0) -(~6sin am a == 60: (2sin* 6) = 6 f0(1— cosa) €0wf joanna feece rte fete Hence as the core answer example 40 The value of [22% 2*58¢ ») (42sec x)?” equal to Teesx © Fr cosx © +c (00% 40 fet ot f= fPEEOHE gy =p tomes rte) osx 49 _peserbeosx en tsintx J pute wlipears Saeco “lg aren" Seve ‘Aon intron by prt et by lingo 88 second incon een f= de asitis sine Geo I. schggtin fine a DE Teeore ences the correct answer LExample 41 the value of flog (/f=% + yi=%) ais equal to ong TR MEH sin (+c 2 (0) xlog (T= + Fa + ae din TW ec loxenigeve fafa dar ec (4) None of the above Chap 01 Indefinite Integral 25 Sol. Here, we have only one faction. This canbe saved sly by applying Integration by pats aking unity at Second funtion. I we tke = fog (T= + JAF) a0 the rt funeion and y=1 a the second function ‘Then, 1 gi =H VFR os (IH # + Hh eee =x log (ix + Jira) ESR We axle + NFR os oonenen aE G= 9-04) yore arian fae + FE f AR ost FFF 6 FB fet males RR TFB) b ae bain Hence (ie the correct answer 1 example 42 the vale of fe" (a J ie equal to re) eee eat en cue Uo reneot hse Ge ae eer st guetiiested so ae ate a Hence, (isthe comect answer,26 Textbook of integral Caleulus 1 example 45 if fi a9 -sna)e™® cosa =(Asin} 8+Bcos? 8+Csin@+Dcos O+E)e?+F, then Sol Let I= fin39 sin d)e™* cos Ss 0 An 0). con 0 > osm = are o Patsin As, T>(Asin° 8+ Bees! 04 Cein® + eos £4 F (Asin ® Bain? + Crind + DeoeO + Bs Bes F When, ia Ta(aP a0 crs ae be +P ashy Ea () D=0..) FromBqs (and, flor seve’ dt =(a— pe sore ns Be + steeniating botnsdes 1? (Grae) eSAP BI Che BB AH —2804 0 AnH 6 and sha > Hence, (the coreet answer 1 example 44 the value of foro (8 sinxces J aes yeoman (neers! Joc (d) None ofthe above Sol carafeemernn (Meatacapststes) a forsee con ene fooanrenn (a5) en ait rt rane) f gems dh ale sana za)" Hence, (the correct answer. ecemee lee +2 example 45 évaluatefsin“ {etal (isl Paar 2estindar2dr=aec 0 = fa (2B8) 2c 0a 3 foe! 0x8 Bees Sol Her, T= [in pn0~ Juana) = ptan 0 tog|see6}+¢ 2ppran 9 tg ee. (hE) « =ffeeenan (Recon) me Yor var va vc og (ax? #8419 +6 atecronae (Foen)- example 46 evatiate J 258" ¥+ tan xa crane Gime mata) le Coatan a (a) Be {put xsin x + cos «= (x cos x +sin x cos x) dx = de] waren lS oo saeay teelulec aT led sin x tos xl ecChap 01 Indefinite Integral 27 Exercise for Session 4 1. fxtotde 3. flog x-ax 5. f(tan*x)dx 7. fxtan-'x dx 14. fo*(tan x +1ogsec x)ax 13. j{ootean + ty) ter 15. [ot GoM ae 17. Je% cos (bx +e)ax 19. [sink ox 21. foott—x +x) a 23. i iene 9-200 9 gy 25, Jom (Fst on 2. fxtsinx de 4. J(log x¥'be 6. feos nde 8 fF an 10. fog(s+ x*)a% 12, forfitnn hae 14 jon [ed 16, [BY 18. [0c x de 20. f(s nfo 22, fain" [oe 2 SaccoSession 5 Integration Using Partial Fraction “This section deal with the integration of general algebraic % FEE sere fe) and a) fe) and g(x) areoth olynomis. We already have seen sme ‘amples of thi form. Por example we know how edge FD Ox) Ax) Q(x) there Hx) ina factor, O(a guadatiatr and a) na polynomial of degree n 2 We tendo generale that previous discussion in thi sextion We ae assuming the seanario where) ihe Adenoma) e ecemporble lf near or qudeate fhetora These ace te cl eves revel weigh Sow. ‘Any inns or quadratic face in (2) might lo oeut sept. “hus, (could be ofthe fllowing gene forms PeGdeLaEad Lats) (olen fator) ‘ near ators the th linear factor the th factor i rpeste tes rational functions ofthe form Integrate Fanetions ofthe form + oath eoton.t8( ) ale) =e La O4E). 2668) mina tors and (esoteric) a patel quai factor aoe ase) # (x) =. OF). ‘+ A combination of any ofthe above ‘Suppose thatthe degree of g(x) is mand that of (x) i fm =nwe can always divide f(x) by x(x) to obtain a ‘quotient q(x) and a remainder r(x) whose degree would be less than m fle) He), Lage) +0 a) a) A) sm Bes x30 (0) +B(0)+C@)(H) > cae Thus, A=1,B=-3and c=2 fecanth fa) Weran therefore write 7 ae sum of partial fractions. fe atx)tanga Liaw single tipi te pattial factions. This was our sole motive in writing such ‘an expansion, so that integration could be cartied out ceaslly Inthe example above Sea) 2 ae =n Sic Now, suppose that g(x) contains all ines factors, but @ ~sin(x—2)42In(e—3) +6 particular factor, say 2 (x), repeated times ‘Thus, Be) = Eh (xa). ba) Bean ‘now be expanded into partial fractions as follows GAL Ary As, Ay yy a@) LG) GG)" Roe ey 1,6) pina Sap tA ‘Thismeansthat we willhevekterms corresponding L(x). ‘Therestof thelinear factors wllhave single corresponding termsinthe expansion. Herearesomecxamples. 1 (=9e=2) A Be 1-9? 1 can be expanded as x = G-9G-9E- can be expanded as Ss = eo Ge aD 1 ovary ‘can be expanded as x=1" G0 +)” a5 2+ Veale 87 eB Sob Hee, 21 — ba Qa) ate +82) Into partial fractions rE and non-repeatedr00ts. Brel A, Gerna-O F412 = (ax +1) Ale ~2)+ 068+) Onputig x2 ge S404 9) Bad Chap 01 Indefinite Integral 29 Acntte An t=2+ 80) Best 43 5/3 Ge pesexei ea 1 example 48 Rese arsine partial fractions. sol Let 1 SGA = where A,B C are constants Lo Ae 4242 +3) + B= (43) +CUe— N42). For finding A let x ~1 = 008 x = Lin Ba (we get 12 AG +2243) + BO +C(0) is Sia, forgetting Blet x +2 00r x= ~2in Bg (we e + BE2-NE449+C0) ForgltingC, let 2x +3=00r x= —3/2in Ea (Q,we get (0)+ BO*C See eeeeeeen eH 14 CODER x= STH a Hes BO 4DTEKHT Example 49 resolve 8°*24° + x41 deesuiae sek (x+1) 42) into partial fractions. SL This isnot prope fiction Hence, by son procs it Ie hpitl the om fing aon ince Now, 3x +237 be x(a? +3842) A124 430 42)+(066+ 19) othe given polynomial gelg2e pet nea) se 415) Bene Now, the second term is prope eatin hence it can be expressed assur of ptt factions wets A, 8 emery” ee Fee sx-7)+ o30 Textbook of Integral Caleulus Tofind Apat x + Ue tactor rs 0, 16-0) 435, (ey¢=~ i the faetion except in SU oy Aen «w Tofind Bp x +2=04,-—2intbe ftom ep Meters gh =~ tate nienenserin 162) 15_ i ” x aasenieeeny using Eas, 69 and (i) case sn the denominator g(x) i expressible as the product ofthe linear factors such that some of them are ~The given expression =(Ox—7)= 1 Fepeating. (Linear and Repeated) Let Q(x) =(2 =a) (r= 4) (= ay) (ea) Then, we assume that PQ) A, _ Ae potas Q@)G= 0) Ga)? Gay By Ga) Ga ea, example 50 expression oF has repeated (twice) linear Factors in denominator, sa find partial fractions. Sol Let a (ete AGe-248 Computing the ke terms, A=1-24-+B=5 of B=7 esti iy? G2 6-3 % le 51 esohe —— Texample 51 Resole (ap (a ne42) into partial fractions sr-2 Sol Let eee Ave “eye ge “Be A(e DC++ BC HME) Sc (x= Fx +2)+ DEEN +) sgh Plunge e=awegec=—8/4 Page r2 =00e Pang cain of onesie weg fraction ofthe type — example 52 Resolve fractions sol tet Sol. 12 Sones OAD oT Wer HD Case IT When some ofthe factors in denominator are (quadratic bt non repeating. Corresponding to each (quadratic fator ax 4 bx +e, we assume the partial Ax+5 where Aand Bare mt rhe re constants tobe determined by comparing coefficients of ‘imilat powers of« in numerator of both the sides. x47 2 247 into partial pene +7 A ornrerr rer axeTe AG +4) (Be +C)(41) Benatar Alter Toobin values of A, Band C from bet 7= AG #4) +(Be + C)Ux +1) Det T=(A4 8) xt H(BHC)EHAALC Busting the coeFicients of dential powers of , we get A+B=0.B+C=2and4a+C=7. Solving, we get A=1,B==1,C =3 exes) example 53 Find the paral fraction 21 BreDer sso) 22th A_,_Brtc__ (e+ 24x 5x46) Gx+® "(xt +548) then 2 = AC4at 40) (Be HC) +2) where ABC ae constants. Ford SrvaeeComparing coeficients of = and constant term on both the ‘es for Band C,we get 4AS3B=0, axe Berd oor WGEFD" UP re H Case IV. When some of the factors of the denominator ste quadratic and repeating. For every quadeatic repeating factor ofthe type (ax* + bx +)*,we assume Aystac Aw (et be tof "fax? tbe rey Arta xtAw ae the te penta example 54 Resohe "= into partial fractions. axteaet beet Pray or tet 428 xt Bete Deve ear (24D! 4 (Bec) (= 4) 4 (Dr+ Bx ‘Comparing coefficients of 4, x4, x and constant tem A+ BHC =Q2A+D+B=2E=LA=1 Soweget A=LB=1.C=0D=-LE “Hence, the partial ection, pete2t+esi yy ioe xt oF sol Let Example 55 evaluate the following integrals: cy (iy Let 31 Cchap 01 Indefinte Integral = @ ‘On putting «=2in Ea (we get ‘On equating coefficients of x on both sides of (we ext Aja, c. oH) ae? eens ane t+ Me ta)# Cle) (Om putting, «=~ 2and x =Oin Eq (), we get (c=3/4and B=1/2 (On eqation Coeficient of? on both sider of (), wemtinascm annie ani(us Logix . 4 (eR) AGE ADHD HCN +2) 0 (Om putting x= ~2in Ba (we get A= ‘On equating coefficient of x? on both sides we get, 0) 2 (e+) vn ondsbode—t sees ee ieore ncn const tm not tes we em Ferrer tess soe eR em 3 ge yebettennys atte) e000 On putting x =Oand x "3, we get example 56 evalate fax teamai-tea.toa obat)* sob tet 1 J riaseari . iex-ante *“Viezm tan wer Sf eel mart -tern *lrG-2en)32 Textbook of integral Calculus cor a) 208) (outeos at a -sin ede) ne = tt. asa a=aeenanan Here, in Ea, () we have lnear and nonrepested fctos thas ‘we use pat Factions or @=n0+na-2 a5 = ACL) (128) + =H CL =2F) +00 Putting (¢+1)=0 of t=—Lwe get =1=BQ\L+2) = BH Putting (11) =00rt= we get “ea@en > ant Iog|-2r|+c Jigg|t coe x|~ Ling 04 «1+ Ze [h=2e08 x|+¢ Lexample 57 evaluate as Qa) (-xsin dd Seb Here, = OS pu xe (ae ain a te de = de Satay acme atta} Comparing coefficients, we get paetc=-}.pe-} ae ra fted 1 1 ‘ glt|=fogl=21— bog + +e lwhere, f= xe I example 58 evahate fsinax oe Sat ‘The gen iter cul be wena 1a fosin cco cesar ete 24 fran xo x(cst xin xe 24 fan econ! x(t tan! x) eh" de (= tant x) ede eect Pat tan! x=t > tian ese! xd = de f dt fOaDe Tee affeg 2 ~aal* losing fo" Ue +See Fa) +e} a Tra © 1a nce eet 1+ xc08 x xx?) Lt xeoe x 1 Example 59 solve f- dx, Sol Let = Dilerentiating both the sides, we get (xe con x4 0) de = de =e (eased iydendt “lana (sing patil rcs) ty Nieseaa-ania]® = oglt~Foght t= Log | +0 slog Lgt etcChap 01 Indefinite integral 33 Example 60 Evaluate; af Fv fog eB loge le") i Det |— (loge™ .loge*™* .lage*’*} dx Stone nw Binet tot eee ween te 1 pope” .loget’* log, «2 pal on me | a hate ties 1 FE tice ogee de 'lametnen Meaty anor) using partial fsetin] “eb ie é + loge" loge” ng loge a en +6 ng ge ng ge eae ‘floge® + Tope" loge +g) Exercise for Session 5 ‘+ Evaluate thefllowing Integrals 2 2 joa 1 Sere Tee a 3 Sara “a rE 6 \axaeien) 5. Siramne ran tune tn 8 an 7 Seer pee eee Fleteg + Flog +2 a4Session 6 Indirect and Derived Substitutions Indirect and Derived Substitutions Bigiteyite~dt| 5] + i (i Indirect Substitution i a Ifthe integral if the form f= ahh (8a a fanction of the integral of f(x) then pt intel of f= nai oven) 09) doe +1) ‘From Eas. (i) and (il, we get Lexample 61 the value of [22 is a (08 fee on( <2) @ayteiec wat : fered (xf s2ee —— Noneot hese Hence, (0 the eonet answer, fere, tet) Sx" +x pe need aa Hexample 65 faite Fo Weknow, x? +1)=20d¢ i aede bat ee, 1 FSA ae f PE ay Sire ” (+ pa teat aeteands @ 1nfttamec > (Free Hence (she coc answer. ra (Wx)? = Hexample 62 uf then oand kare (a)2/5.5/2 1y5.2/5 (5/212 a (6)2/5,1/2 eo a sae Se “ape fa Example 64 For any natural number m, evaluate ” tsa} JOP 6 eA 30" 46) dr, 290 sees) Sob Hee, = JO 6 42) 430" 4d = fle ya my SN eae poe 4 HN (ax eax ox™ de ll) afte enmt ae eae ex" at am I (i) becomes, am dh Tayi © 1 co) xe example 65 f. is equal to fet eae y thar {ieee bayiefiew +c (orne {ieee xéx * ieee be sa er) +c (@) None ofthese Hence (be the correct answer. extn) 1 Example 66 See? reves Aaa ESTES # 1 Oat oO pra TF jot ray Hence () the erect answer, Cchap 01 Indefinite Integral 35 L Example 67 The evaluation of pxPr—) — get! POR PTT ware WSK won e-Bat OSG dee 1 pia! So Hee = | pear sast va Je a ye fA ar ore “Toking x7 asx common from denominator and take itin get den at36 Textbook of Integral Caleulus Hence (isthe core answer 1 dis equal to 28 fax! = 2x8 41 v hursee 20g fra caer aes Lexample 69 f. o, +e . +c (fGen: Tie wa a Hence, the coret answer. Irae) Texample 70. Lt ft oxy glx)= fofo...oftx), then fx"? g(x) di equals to ies or 388 207) 1 tem * 46 WL tems h + mim pi ; e— orm tec wnten|"# 4c opeaite am sol Se ae a es Iona Where sia, UUCM = age and (foo U2) = 10) ae 1 Jertnseef atta a= ene he cet none Derived Substitutions Sometimes itis useful to write te integra as a sum of two rated integrals which canbe evaluated by making ‘able substations Examples of such integral are Type | Algebraic Twins 2x? 2 SF arises {b) Trigonometric Twins I fam de, [aT ae, a Hine teos aeban rent Method of eluting thee integra ae Usted men ofthe following examples i Integral of the Form siete (Gin® x +008" x)sifertleos}e rater = (19) tenet oz Divide numerator and denominator by x*, et 1 ds Usa Divide numerator and denominator by x? sol tet t= JS ee = tts “fe alee ar ee ape meen soos OOH ‘ternal in Numertor sous lie! wae bate (where whandees+ 3 om ()-aa | Sal} ali | rile =e ee vile eh valuate [be Texample 72 evaluate | 55 Sel tet = oe Fee Chap 01 Indefinite Integral 31 sedi til ilps i # ue) [diving Numero opposes eat era au mar intr balers} talers}e “fee baer ae) 1 Example 73 Evaluate J /fanx de. Sol Here F= ae Pot e = sect de = de ne “ego melee a Pee ‘lca laa [n-ne -g'(4) ae 3 bc niftaurr) te pees Uowhere ¢ = Jian =)) example 74 evaluate f= de ei ae38 Textbook of Integral Calculus Dividing numerator and denominaoe by costs, we get ea areas ra Putten! uel xdendt raft ieee Aninpe zee! raf t= uw'(Z)oc vox) (ax? ~b) dx LExample 75 the value of f=) Catan’ (2st weonr(xe8 x (esi [e4}e (2 None ofthese (ot ae Set Me at . Paes ter aa (- rfp ner Hence (ie the coret answer a (x + lax +1) I example 76. jeg, sa raf EME pa tey ot Focreneeedy | is xe? (oe + Texample 77 evaluate (x? de wrseenan (a2) aa (4) a enue Os, “The given integral ean be writen as Sol. Here T= f fest pina muceter a (1d Jarna at 0 Ca] Now, make one mote substitution Eq, (i) becomes, = {£4. Julte 2 Fe og|tan 4) +0 = og tan”! (x #1/x)|+C (7 — 4515) example 78 f oe we wet = yd APG eae eee fot. 1=f-‘Eyer eae lara Substitate,(t +1) =u? : wo fetta eneftw emg aoef( Posse! Jae ssetuaisif ce wir, ae(erter) oa LExample 79 the value of J{{CxJ}} x, where () and 1 denotes fractional part of x and greatest integer function, is equal to @o or @ o- sal tet 1 futem ax where, [e]= Integer and we aow a = ne tneger. 1=fodr=0 Hence, (a) isthe correct answer, Type Il Integration of Some Special Irrational Algebraic Functions this case we shall discuss four integrals ofthe form $2. deste Pand Oar pmol eon and (x) is polynomial in x. (@) Integrals of the Form [57 are both linear of x Toes pe ong ner = cra ine of te rm | gt eedee Chap 01 Indefinite integral 39 ‘The following examples illustrate the procedure example 80 Galva J me set Lats et ere, P and Qboth are linear, we put Q= siete : “lat ls conan (S)oe gene} (nega ofthe Form 2 ts where Pisa quadratic expression and Qis a linear expression ‘To evaluate tis type of integrals we put Q=t* ie.to evaluate the integral ofthe form L —— emia put petg=t 1 Example 81 Evaluate ae Saar ea® ‘Sol Let = aoe. z Sea evi Pat eat sode=aedt (ey 42 nat leap aee Dave i cee Somes ga Sea ecar Ta cae [rere40 Textbook of integral Caleulus a 1 a reetf[ Be foe (6) Integral ofthe Form {| —1 ‘ Damien ee See Tyee at+0- seein [jg Pi near and Qin quadeatepot ren gun'(G) +e ‘ i radu ec {ample 82 cate {2 beer a) eae _(vF ee = tetl oy feherte Put rate 3 dena (vimapate a he Foo 85, where Panda Bas tapaast +) are pure quadratic expres er? +4, be | —— me Texample 84 evaluate wnageer she Sy fared (x= fe Fd ase BF ; Ge ered acacia meancyaeet con cate [a cumeit “ example 05 cohate | oes s(x oax-142 44) “ naa : lay fi—x* = pu x= .sothat ae ta muta ene ae Aen han oe tat nde i) Heat which reduces to the form jf rretante (\-g)aou where bth P and Qa linear 20 that we Cae, ES, +2) CD that da =22 delea Gerery “fy yt ha eee moot 4 UES lele+ FA VF Fe 3 — og ites n+ fees ; 1 Where, y= paisa 3— log (e+ P9283) where, t= x44 ~see(z3) (otntegra ofthe re >i where r22andre Here, we substitute, JExample 85 vate | ican > x? 6x10 Sol, Substitute (x—3)= 1 = de de Weget, Sarre mura “Seay sore (Chap O1 Indefinite Imegral 41 =p hg re eng ITFI-LIFF Lino Foe mete FL NF 6 EE |.c -3F Tear ax? thee (tga ofthe Form | BE Here, we write ax! tbe ten A, (de +0) (2fe +4) +B, (de te) +C, ‘Where A;,By and C, are constants which can be obtained by comparing the coefficients of ike terms on both the sides 2x24 5x49 (een text Sol Let 2c! 458498 ACE HGH DS BEE HDC or 20° 45449" 89 2A)+ GAS B)HA TBO) = A=1B=2046 ston, J 2EASEH? ge ers eel (eA) age “Veonfeese 7S 1 example 86 Evaluate J een “Tecate et eat ag Sea Vere Gagiteret hl aaen “la Uoherew= sb +1 a reliigeetseanatetuaste et i an rate] set) thal (1-3) [re ens earl + the| (cae) cok a aero42 Textbook of Integral Calculus Type Ill Integration of Type Jo in” x -cos” x) dx () Where m,n belongs to natural number (G) Trone of ther is odd, then substitute for term of even power. (Gp IF both are od, substitte either of them, (jv) Ifboth ate even, use trigonometric identities only. (0 mend narration mantersand(®*#=2) 4 ‘negative integer, then substitute cot x ‘which so ever is found sultabe, LExample 87 Evaluate fsin’ x-cos? xdx Sol = fin? x00! de ortan =p sin ede mat fo-eyre Alter =f (0- Y&R, f dinxeRcosedemat 1= [08 ae [on ane fan ye Remark “This problem can azo be handled by succes reduction or by Ihoonometca! lentes: Answers wil Sin ifleent orm But [GSntca ith modined constant ot iegraton. L Example 88 Evaluate sin"! x-cos"™ xd, r= fot 2) (ose sae oe eo a sc ae eee eee berse}ee fear? yoda a} se example 89 Evaluate fy” de ___pcotede 1 p2eosxde sot tet fares Sama ra ‘(cos = poezcan a (Gin? + os! x +25 ¥ 605 #) 1 nlp cotetsinx yet Dine corr 2 “Hane taae NS tel b fghlcoes(o)- eat x1 3) 5t¢ Type IV Integrals of the Form x™(a+ bx")Pax Case If PEN. We expand using binomial and integrate Case IfPe I~ (ie, negative integer), write x = where ks the LCM of mand n ue aniseed P rtn pt (a+bx"). cae u(2F) suntan Pan Weput(a+bx")=t!2*, where kis denominator of the fraction 2 FExample 90 evaluate fx’ (2+-x"")? a seh 12 J 6) oe Since Pinatral number, 1a fee capa Jee ae UAB Ts Te TeLexample 91 evaluate fx-¥ (1432) oe Sal we subsite += (as we now Pe negative integer) Let x =f wherokis the LCM ofm and, made =a at aon Fae = Te Stan (x!) 40 example 92 Evaluate [1-2 (ex)? oe So tt we subsite 42" rie tan +e then 15 de m2t dt x éfPaawsc ee Tete PC example 93 Evaluate [V% (+x"")" de. 3 Pot rath ode mae! dt Sol Here, m=2 and n= = reftareyerta rae fit ese eat rae setae mafic sae eae ae sea example 94 Evaluate fx (1+ x*)°" a Sob Here, f° (14 2°)?" de have m=n=3and p=2 3 So,we substitute 44? = 1 and 3x? dr =2 dt Jeaee Pde = foes eats [anintege) a -yerp? = fee -nery? Brat und fe) Chap O1 Indefinite Integral 43 Lem ve 14 oPP 4c 1 hare ® Lexample 95 evaluate fx" ext de. aa tye alge Jor-mt ene panes Pane woeret= fie example 96 evaluate J -- "ck slit =f yet gee Pat sat, oe ei and dice ae refhylden fa asin pte )=y tegen f® oy y netfee ty sepa myo y {using binomial 212 J" ty" 28/1) sey any yhdy 34 , 7") ste soy , 29! Bs BY ay only +0, Where ye at 444 Textbook of Integral Calculus Exercise for Session 6 1 Evaluate the following integrals x (x4 2)dx 1 Jae 2 Oa get a _ bY ae Soa a 4 Saar” 5, [sete Bauer tayr anal 6. The value of fall ( where land () denotes greatest integer and fractional part of x's equal to (oo ot oz @-1 £° (x) +6, tmenftx)ean be wt (osnx 8. Tho vate of, ASEH ore ag) S84 (805. | 6 544 6x ~ cos») (2) 59] 54 ain x= cos x) Oa 56 sinx=cos 2) |" 1 og) S408 282) |g a wohl atterron aes cos Te ~008 Be 9. The vaso | 85 =EOE a, (BR 0 ()sinx ~ cos x + (8% 228 40 (@)None ofthese 0s 5x + 605 4x 10. the vauoot {284+ 208 4 de, (aysiax + snax re W)sinx- 882 46 2 (-enr- M26 {2)None of heseSession 7 Euler's Substitution Reduction Formula and Integration Using Diffrentiation Euler's Substitution, Reduction and Integration Using Diffrentiation Integration Using Euler's Substitutions Integrals ofthe form [ f(x), Jar? be 46 de are ‘alelated with the aid of one of the three Euler's substitutions | War toe tenrtx Va, ife>o (far Hoeve =e +Je, tera (uo Jax? Foe+e =(x 0) if ax! + bx+e=a(x ~0) (0 (ax +bx +6) ).ke. If is real root of Remark ‘The Euler's subettutions tn let ater cumbersome eneuistons there ty should be apes ony wen is Sifu ote anther method tor eateulating agen negra Texample 97 evaluate 1= Sol In this case @<0 and <0 Therefor, neither () no Euler's Substitution is applicable, But the quadratic Ta I0e has teal roots = 25 We we the ubetitation (I) te ffeniom a = R=DE= HD =(2 2) Where Hence, 1= fp (ie jt (e-0P where, ¢= LEE= = x2 Sol Sine, here c= 1, we can apply the second Euler's Substi- aioe “Therfore, (211) bee rf jomone amor eae Using partial eaction, we have wasu-2 A, Bc | oD re-ene wy or (28 421-2) A(E= I) esa 4 BEE Ha +eu-Hesneee 3/2 D a wegtanz Hence, 1=2 J log ¢1~46 Textbook of integral Caleulus Introduction of Reduction Formulae [a recursive relation) Over Indefinite Integrals eduction formulae ake it pole to reduce a integral depending on the tadex n=O cede oner of the integral to an integral of the same type with ser index ((e. To reduce the integrals into simular integrals of order less than or greater than given integra) Application of reduction formula is given with the help of rome examples, Reduction Formula for Jsin” xdx Let = fs xde= fant * woos! x de eon x Hn—2) fata?) sin?" xeon +(2—0 f(a"? xin" =) de 0-0, m sin"! x eos x +01) core H(n-0 Ip Reduction Formula for [cos” x dx Let Iy= fo ete fens zeae seeost! xin x + f(n—Deos" ost“! xsinx +00 feos" cost! xsin x +81) Ju-2—(0-D) ly sin’ ede x(0-cost x) dr “tly sine +(0-D Ina or foor Reduction Formula for { tan” x dx Lat Iy=ftan® xe tant“? x tan! x de =ftan*? x(ec! x) de t-te Reduction Formula for fcoseo” x dx cd = fom covet“Fe(-cots)—f(a—2)ecee!“ x (cone cose“? eat x (1-2) [(csee™ x couse"? x) de cotx~(n=2) 1, (0-2) Reduction Formula for {sec” x dx Lat I, = [et x d= [sce t * x see? xdr t tle fan x (a2) face? x46! x1 dr =sec*? x tan x —(n=2) I, +(n=2) [yg 3-91, = tax H(n-2) laos Seta (0 oy 0 8 tans (0-2) oy a= Reduction Formula for f cot” x dx oe foot xae= focot aeCchap 01 Indefinite Integral 47 Reduction Formula for{ cos” x sin nx dx Let Ig = Joos” ssn x de 1 =A SET ESE Joga sn xeon ne de Reduction Formula for [si E08 Ff gm Let Asin"! xeos"*! x eal {gin ne cos x ~sin(n—1) x} dx {using sin (n 1) x =sin mx cos x cos mx sin x fom =1)sin™"? x cos"*? x =(n+1) sin™ xcos" x innx cos x -sin(n~1) x] =(m~1)sin"? xcos" x(1-sin? x) ‘=o sin x cos ~(n-+)sin™ eos" x 2 SATE Fagot snes =(m—1)sin"~* x cos" x—(m—1+0+1) 7 a fin” reat" +B feos" xsin (nt) x de “a é megan with respect tx on oth the de, we st imi) fsint-* coe" xx ~(m rs) a =1)sin™# x cost x (n+ sin 08" x +E gnect an sont cae "cnet eorme 9 ar ant xe! 6? omar Si vacate = mtn fain xeoe! xd (=D fin xeos? x de > fa” xeast xe en) Beran gt fend ere md SOEs 4 rica eal foe" scostn= xa si” ne08 ne _msin“" x cos xeos ne meas F “mk, Una si” sinan _ mel? x08 xc08 ma 2 fei rainor a = fort -Pesinn de Remarks Simin. we can show set scos "1g 02 furtycosér 2 fai” x08 oe de = Let eat Te male 8 fuss sitttncost s,m oe 2 foo noon xe AO sce, mo . ace example 99 Evaluate |, = f—* Jor cos! rae rd wor nee Sol Here, p= fy ae ning tn fort eat tra A fet xcos" xe == si reas, ont Jair? cost-* a 5 for xeost ve48 Textbook of Integral Calculus a ed Jota Hind hase ma Igy en ape eet Ma Grea ma Remark ‘tow eva forvla micas thecal te tg! (Sivmeeabuionaete np; and essay Sone ‘etait complta anisera ah rales aa “# toe? ie eeae eee ae SSE a EF TF tr 4d. 2, Siart(tle “ea a Te (e andsoon Example 100. Derive reduction formula for Sol, Using Integration by pats fr Jw, WE BEE (esa fig ya (corsy"™ =D Integration Using Differentiation pete erriae aspect lero Vartan lune renee? EBs 4. yefaowthe fllong mead BeesinsF et nor Aa SI cng integral to evaluated is of the form ee (@rbsin x J or f a in terms of —"— or 2nd 4 and expres tin terms of (ar bean) asthe case may be arbsinz 4. Integrate both theses ofthe expr step 2to obtain the value ofthe require nm Texample 101 evahate f i SerneasnF sob Here, A= 22S hen rs Graces} wi xg SMeosx es 44 dx (5 +4 cos x}? (8+ 408 x)” “4 @ arena listens afm) Grder mr fat pretty +4 cosx) 979 4¢tan? xs 9 5+ 4 cost =f sta $4 cose (where tan x/2=)ae 2 Nervcat™ & __w “lgctcoaF 2 Lexample 102 Evaluate f —O* _ (016+9sin x)? Se tet A pane o we AL {64 9s (sn 2) cot (9 cone) & se9an x - 00 9 Weems) s0eroam a oth theses of Be) we're get as, 9 livemms* 9 Jiereane? (1 tan! x/2) de oR oe aasoanay 5 recast eee v5 ;__e ers $5y__de___ 18 y__at__ Terosinay 9 Far wee [bere tan x/2 1] ea) ao eae Goeosin xf 15 (e+ 9am) var (SER) Lc ins oe a Example 103 evaluate f. reer when |al>1/2, cost ede Stee I Toarrenear | cece ar ope cov ede Chap 01 Indefinite integral 49 oot ede sani de + Len 2x ap teow de (1+ co020) de “Waarvtecte oust vinta” ae conte de ~Vaecenant "* aaran oF me thy J tere (2e+ sin 28) =t(@ costs) dea) a iem-at ee arama where =f“, a) mA ee rs = 4 = « 4 & = 4 = Integrating both the sides wit." we got (tat 3h 2 Anh r aa , ede seat -2) hy taf_—_8 ee iit Vicvaun e+ ans watt wi From Eqs. (0 and (i) con2s i [ans 9) eo (aati) Baten 2s) *C w= (ett }akaee50 Textbook of integral Caleulus JEE Type Solved Examples : Single Option Correct Type Questions be ox 1 thevalveof| A sept 2669 uta l at tla irny constant the valu of JT equals to (pear Neat) +E W)tan Neat 28) +e Then for an aritrary constant the vale of J 7 equals to, ou (Sean) e tun'(-aeunee int (soesee)ve odo seul | rsa lists tole ze) +e oy pti ae a Trae sol.3= ist tied ser, nie stan 2eat2e) +e enc, (tect answer © Bi 4 Integral of {IF TeaDATCOAFeOREE) wir : (rincst+e @2insntoc 3 free eos Nae, Ba 7 sez] eam iro (SE) othentse oman memes anos Sol. f= fF oT eae veo FB de = [Noone ease Fearn co ose + ots) (actin +6 wena eo “54a (2) dcnanglin?|+c (come esi + ee the content il #5 y= fatten it (tat) #1 hea tahoe w=cot) tees att re pee eS Weloatl nat a fet eanaed-t oe rte re oferta 7 2 susan cee weChap 01 Indefinite Integral 51 Sok cot" ade = [cot (coee’s 1) de af incon in Ob ov Dacor) (pain a2 4.10) Hence, (she covtect answer wy od thaetnt| Daan aa errr tatty (oat ome Aang oh 2 1 eee (o2tan (@) None ofthese 3) wn) sorta te “ ee, eh eet ane Sandee © Ex. 6 Let f(x) =x + sin x. Suppose tes the inverse = ie fe purrs g nets el Sao Peas Suntion of fhe vaue of (54-f) has the ve quel ja bed Vi. “vixen deeree wi-t of “f #a-u2) i tae ath Sera abe fee TOE a ots de nat a e area ey tichretaces to [Sr nor Lt rere el yoke foxtainn 9 xh troaate | GE +3) "Tan af Bierce =o wtust WTec=tart [EE Le Hence, (9 i the conect answer Heme (9 tthe cect mower O42) de (oy fee (oy -—g EPT—ie tex 7 Mev of} 9 Bx. 9 Thevaueof | one (sir fE2+c Nene ofthese a to c I. Let x =a cos’ @ + bain’ O in the given integral. WN ee i= | Sa de (2 es0) (sn) + Ban con) 1 learn se dena ajaind cn ORB Wr eeetedial 20 ~o)sind eos. ie caTOTbamTO} ‘(None ofthe above52 Textbook of integral Calculus pf eee weer Sol. tet Wsuayee Vaden eee ar wands fag” Lr BF a-sBs|2F5 [re fe 4h, a antares ras eines Fara Six aap" Gast Hence (Is the correct answer. a #10 tevaoft—| a ae og (I eee) aba 2a (Ec so (Ee =a nc ve o @ 4 [ata* Th (@ None ofthe above Sol Subsitong ex = bn? © o aefinee E cose Ease na as. -f\i6 20 Gai aa oy eo08 a ef law hing oumerta ad denen by cs" Ot if te rg mint aaa _« tae “fs i, -( an CEE Ee freee eal Tee tinct nee ée ot Ie eo =| ee a tfoa{edVeae8 fe eno j oe sai]ec © then value of kis: 2: 0 “ pa-aat dente 2a fi lacadernt * a and “oie rortart ¢- aL oeCchap O1 Indefinite Integral $3 o Ex. a tt |__, shun (ee Thenfn=of equal to . eo een Ge ows aw sorte cull) =] Is. 3 fn («+3 353) ) Feri |ee wt a eat —4a 1 foing Fae 6) 2nd (8) 2 bogsarta 8) Hence ithe correc answer ware lasing prvi example, see te 5 Saray arate” ae 1p A hen he vale of prea a { tm ar aay s or @2 se modandant Iman) =|3=4]=|-1]=1 ence, (ie the erect anawer PEK Hy (xy)? =x then a 2 In{(x=y)* =1 Then(o+ 2) i equal to Jeep aI? — th Ten n+ 20) is 9 @ 03 @s aera ray eee sobit Pf A =F aly -a) een fi-2| : i yo Caren (r~ y= 0m deeming bth he ses, we et 4 i * 7) bal -yyf.-d=avle= a ©? Gye a « = Hence, (isthe correct answer54 Textbook of Integral Celoulus fecaiiemsydats ayy) DVN which etre a en iynomial of Sand (2e)-« Then 2m) is Sprite 2 ws @7 nes (ithe coc ane 3 E15 if [xt ftee be Dyce elie + zon Ve eg hte 4e a3 Then(a-+b) is equal 10 @2 3 4S =f £2 anf = of Stl angen Sot tet after finwree ma se fieret = (sa ae Jaene Sicer pete Welnow peared Begs (OFFIC) “Te then comparing the values ofeand bby Ba.(o)@=2.8=2 2 @ei=e+ enc, (@ ie the comect anwer ‘ing pal ctions we get Bee een : vate FRB gs soho [aE ae alg e-t] ohh ste cea a(224) v6 Onconparingm=2n=3 = Ime? ens (Qt eect snawer wy 9 Be 17 Theat off Adega to x(t xe*)? tog] —— Te putts xe" BA ne donate‘Chap 01 Indefinite integral 55 1s Aes Bene cen dogere Gyn [piece =c-dee] Hence isthe core ansver xn Saar renters tt be Toa eto dae (2) Liles FFs, wee ]e ofee(Ge Ise wpa (2)—es ier For +6 oe ae Fi cosee Ee 2) Jala Te, 1) sett fe ofa gegen Gre et(24) 6 a we Uae) shear tingtaind + coo) re Hees (0) ithe comet owe. JEE Type Solved Examples : More than One e Correct Option Type Questions sen20 (EE [OF 4, Wee) B=), ree then = 2 a wa ws. a ( sat sen of eof ae (a= Hence, () and (are the correct answers56 Textbook of Integral Calculus 9 65,21 mentee heigl 9 22 I [aR NE) = 0 tn Jet (cone teoe ») sin xd ie f(s) sequal 0 (9. sina ~cos1) )~ VBeos sina ~ cose) ~ sink) +e (oper)+e oF (HSE) oom atten (et * Geos es 26a dC Sob =f + EER = fo ESS ae Sol ut sn The mtegalreduceste 1=1 fea—ya=te +c Onsin's) 4c lepion a) stets)se tint Me nd cet er JEE Type Solved Examples : Passage Based Que Passage (Q.Nos. 251025) For integral 5Ax-4) (+5 on ruee—t rorintegt f(x} (-S)toruerSer Forint § (0? -4} (+5) s.r rocinearal s(x?) (5) pared 5 many grands can be brought into above forms By Suitable reductions or transformations fozue ot onc Tene #1) oP txt tx oe or ou [Te (: 0 Bx 28 | a, =o opdec wfrredse orotic aaa stg revs (froEsi} +e ence 0 the comet anowesSx ax? Ex 25 o Sree eerie @—tose fortertec JEE Type Solved Examples : Matching Type Questions 1 Ex. 26 Ufc.) then match the ents of Column with Column I! considering :' as an arbitrary constant of integration Column wep EE) . © foe EES) toe of vlan ; @ 2c to (ane (EE o ole ee TE po bee or oe - feun'0 2 tnd evan a YF TE 008 ~ ce feand-4 ta 0 sec 0 CChap 01 Indefinite integral 87 “Femi ® | | om fauna = fst? 95B Textbook of integral Calculus torre ‘eenare] VIVE = 2000 1h (To «eels JEE Type Solved Examples : #o-cetO=tand un 20 se'0 0 = S08 hen 1 fanoea senbityec (0:19 HO FADAO Single Integer Answer Type Questions as ae a (© Ex. 27 ifthe primitive ofthe funtion then is equal 0 sok fe fe fa) © Bx. 28 Suppesel 0) 0) continuous differentiable function with f"(x) #0 and satis- fies f(0)=Yand f°()=2, then f(x) =e +k then kis roy where f(x) is ‘equal to (fear pay'@) sot. 10) F0)~ sey s"a)na or LOIS fee] alr Integrating, Fre “ Put aeabiyre = On) sine fat romtatn =r) 2 ee Again integrating, ln fe] =2e +k Pate=otogeek=0 fe)=e > he kaae x. 29 J in 01s) ain 4) de = BOON IBD # a then is equal to wen Sot (1 fin 00+ x) (ne = [in 0) cons + contin) ina) = fae conn na a fous): Gina4e Pai (00) (ins) os J onC0)sina)™ a+ feos (00) (ins)! = 4009 Gain m7 Seton st oo Bo, iSubjective ‘Type Questions © Ex. 30 If, denotes 2” ede, then show that (oly ale Fe (te? 428 ate, Sol I,= [+ « ds, aplyng integration by part taking fing an wd con We we le (-a)e “wt wa 4 orn more oy mare Ge gp mH re ter, yee wie3 *erpae—y st” Mulipying both theses by (n+ 1). We get, tee DE A nts OF 2D sO EIDE Ly fre ist ent +t me) Hence Proved = horn Chap 01 Indefinite Integral 69 Hence Proved. @ Ex. 32 fly = [lin #0080) dhe show tat in x +608 x)" (sin x =€08 2) +2(—1 la Ilia conn de Joo e+ cosy"! + od Appling integration by pats tains core)" eons sna) [m1)sinx+ cosa)" (eos =n. x)-(ln ~c08 de (sins + cna)“ c0rs) m2) fens cos* (in x cons} de awe ow (on + cna) + (in x—c08 372 Incline Pin conn) 0—) dns coe a? an coe stain on Gin x28) + -1) Jinx cosh? ae—(m= fan + cons ae Ig m(oin x + cons)" (in x~ e003) +2(n—1) Tana—(—1) a x(t Ine in + cons) co8a} 2m oF rg =(in + 605 XP" (nx e083) +2001) Jana Hence Proved. © Be. 89 Ginn [eos” xcs de stow that (m2) Ip. =608" Bol whore, + lig rn=) a ‘Aswe avescos(t=1) x cos nx eos + sin nes Bead xsin s+ feat xeosen-0x cornea de faaees weatedn rs feat cata te60 Textbook of Integral Calculus Inet Eta oe estar (PEE) aaa Bteor eine mene (orb) Ing coe" xine (tan? de ene) 9 38 ete Fp ncone? sent) Sotte, 1=[ ete Mating snd viding by <°-* Pf een Waneene Weknow x’ sin stat! cou et f(a sin x) + (2 con 2) + mCP cos — (a Pain ahd) wo conn fate deme Kern hi nin we at neta mle DPE. gee (Bsa rn tose? 1 Applying nterationby pss, we get wee (Gar) (sce tne tne ste#) Sarva (ese) fant ede wate! (ee) Gana neon) tan x+C Hence Proved 1 Ex. 36 ifcos > sin >0, then evaluate =f pootone (sata) =fota-one( Pare ad, ae dem dt 0 1 Where. =f 1 a= x tete-tldecteesh Comparing ences, we gt An-1a=4001 naf{- | tes soto] 0 ight alt éCchap 01 Indefinite integral 61 a Sines ot 9 Be 39, ert #-b+rasinn wreaa bye : ‘ilecemn | sot we tno p= ==[ 0 Pt intend of xin the shove Went, = ga- fe | a | beasne "BO resina? Integrating both he sds wt. "ewe get a alivems yf) j_ de Sovenent 0) a a lores From (Janda we ze 1 ras Sarasa eranin Aven 1n-( =H} ee ening hcg frais 80S = (Zaca-o) 2 See 2 pga x) o2(-2-eetiog|“21] = (Znea-)) 2(-Eaxte| teal] “ing gt) =log 8) le —2) st tog 22) be a+ 2-2) a wo Hagne 2 iog2=2-2+ tin (2 ax) a ens Suga ig2-t-$+ tn (2-$ ost sou, ena fe timc = ogc -20 =] refit - as we eee 1"62 Textbook of Integral Calculus Indefinite Integral Exercise 1 Single Option Correct Type Questions 4. Let (x)= | —_** ___ rand f(0)=0°Then Smee 10disequalto bg. + 8) (og + 8) -% (Cees) +% (Nene ofthe 2 IEJ Flx)dx= f(x) then f [f(2)F des equal to woh yoo omer lak our Bit ffx) ee = Fe then f/x?) diel to (oS tetrter fue a WP Errer)- free) 6°, coder Lf te (aNene ofthe stove 4 tfnisan od postive integer. then [2 [axis were (@ None of these then the value of P13) (ae gue oz om 6. f(a)" Geog, x42) dis equa to wxtec warrre (elegy +e (None of these 1. The valu of f+ log slog ~1) ei eqalto (a) 2(x logx =x) +C eo Seeigs 046 (x log x +c co(ange? +e sna. So 8. et a) a polyennalstying (0)=2,/'( 1") Fe) Then fle)s eal t0 ote ote Lfldexte A fiderte fedexte Bai say=-24c 12. tine an-erativ of [82 axis J) then 88" KO atest fee @Fle+ an » errr Ee 4 (Fle + Me+9) (None ofthese Sn" os" ra) ies whale gag 2 ‘sec 0 *6 | 27614, Late? 2mm —1.n€ N. Then, the value of fir nee aac +9 zsin (x +) sin2(* +) aris equal to =( a obeelatet se (annette vonelt acne onke 155 ‘neqalto ‘west@s) cos (45) Loogtete-taaen se (op el GAN nea tna) +¢ ated uence (Nene fhe stove 1 fcr Ld reste ro) cquio (xine cour (tne Dente eee pcx coneF (None ofthese Chap 01 Indefirite Integral 63 418, The primitive of the function f(x) = x/cosx|, when Eecx then put me? + nx +C = uxt Jp Case HI If quadratc equation ma® + n+ p has eal rote ‘xan there put ra + me p =(e~a)uor (x~B)u a ta evaluate f, one ofthe most aoe ats proper substitution could be wprrare @ ptrere: © Indefinite Integral Exercise 3 : 28, Statement I Ifa>0and#? — 4ac<0,then the value of willbe ofthe type we bere the integra pean? 24 4c, where 4, B C4 are constants B Statement I If'a>0,b? ~ 4ac (0,se)be a differentiable function f(x) saisying, fiat 9) SO~)= 6 UO [OV YH ER, Gio)# Ey forall ye R) and f*(O)= 2010. ‘Now, answer the following questions. 237. Which ofthe following is true for f(x) (@ fis one-one and into (8) {0 ls non period, where (denotes factional part te (6 Jin) = thas only two solutions (@)fl)= J's) sony one station. 48, et x)= logatsin xh and | flel2)c08 x d= Ha) + (where cs constant of integration), then h{ 5 is equal be oss ws os, Passage IV (Q.Nos. 39041) at: Rbea incon as FE}= 6" Der) 100 etayisa Pobnomil of degrees Such tha | de des notconan ‘any logarithm function and g(~2)= 10 Then 39, The equation f(x) =Ohas (@) al for distinc roots (© three distinct ral rots {e) wo real and two imaginary (@)allfour imaginary roots 40. The minimum value of f(x) is (-136 @)-100 o-m eos (x), 41 [£2 ac gut 2 cons (52) +6 um are oon (*ee (@None of these66 Textbook of Integral Calculus fa Indefinite Integral Exercise 5: Matching Type Questions 42. Match the folowing = Column - Were [EEE ache Ex <2 en! weal hi WV idazmonst - Pet po - a @ «te i (& 2H) cc.ten (sequal 0 © Sones len] ee Eee (Otefsar'ccartedee Men Exar) ~ “Mi f=] + 2+ chen fence o ©) ef 2 = syns cen seis equlo oi J = 1709 +C.0 feoseoat 48, Match the following Columat Column o HIP tem a = en o @ a2 © jp fom a aE arf EBB tem Boor ent then @ ast Indefinite Integral Exercise 6 : Single Integer Answer Type Quest Questions er43)de Mulan Te) =~ 1, where f(x) is of the form of ax* + bx +,then (a+b) equals to 4S, Let F(x) be the primitive of ee I F(10)= 60, then the sur of digts of the value of F13) is Hy Oe pan Qe onal fee=] +6,then find 24 46, Let u(x) and v(x) are diferentiable function such that 42) 224 has the value =a tn| 109+ ETF72 Textbook of Integral Calculus foy=2 > degle+31=G, > G=bes og fe) + HH = ++ tgs feo = = fea ST se" Ee UOF + fy" ant FT - fo) =5e - afte) =5¢e" nfettce! fol rhewt= 2) shone reader ne" re 14, fant ge [tun xcs 9) and foarte so va JOB ge, L099) $00 = Rotor A pet fomee Dace stordad 18, oni AB — i008 1 pans an) +} tans70~ tan} fraaGrs aa 14, were [affine ane Gane? s Dasa eee) =F re aanaenence oD freon =D soley adel sinttn=tepde —_f_s0t4914— jody 15. en cost atts costs) cor) 2 [SSE —Leoghectx—anaeD nf SE ae Log low ae tmnt ae ata 4+ Visin2=|] _1 sp sec 2x -tan2x|+C wea fpsee ape aceon = safe loge 2¢— an] +6 17. webu | Gatessetee eran era sine eait “lingarrea" oes “eee an ee x4 eo) “TH Geet OAT (anssee x~sins) de aera tl oe + oe log, | tn" ie + e082) +6 18. Wehave, f(s) xleoss| F ffirdeno AE Inface x1 a 2 one 5 Iwas bgt 9+ ge +6 26, The Statement Is ae since while writing we ae stuming thy a constant We wllknow prove the Statement From the given elation (x ~) i 2g 9) = lng logy. EY cto provethe intel reation its “Thus, Statent Hite. Hence, choice (incre. Br, tet gta) = fla)+ fled Assuming, fade = Fe) + C efit a pn neo ered JAS scr74 Textbook of integral Caleulus Jaterde=futer+ seme =feraes [yeniee ater ead ee) sra-ronecee sich may be an old econ fr = 8 Simla, integral ofan od function isnot lvaysan even feetion, ence, Statement ste and Sateen Its ase, 28. tre Oand8* toc <0, then ee etcscne(o Janae! Alcor) ==4 tan) us f2" "deo ta) == fo" dts) +c Statement fae. Statement isto, 34, Aem=9> O hence, we can substule marrage 32. Here.as per notation given, we an ssi wn tie ‘As m=1>Oand p=1>0 3. 38. rs a. raft anfotue terse Ler fori re 168 manteo penteo se Poting (ore E aH?) o (=u or waa) Lat Pain? xen sain cot x Saint xem 2. sedsint x (1a) coe? Sent x cost sia! x costa 6s eos Peatys—blea tacker esto LAP asin eon? oss xcor saint xc Sein x() sin?) coe x ~Sein x coe raster Lee tse ieee 2 sate et ens lat cost x3 sin" (1 ~ cos) cos! = Bsn x coax int x coe! Pale g 31 1 Hef in (LEN =LO0., f=) (Heb feet) a 7 orgy (£00 1-10) Pe = BOL Now by given ration, we have ) = fem = LE = fle=B 100)~ fe af f=11s (i), we (2 an10 From Eqs. (0) and i, have = fla) =™, flo) = + Ae enn pode 38, Her | fte cos 48= J fog x) on ee afer xd =f (an 2)" con ede = fin 2° con nde (ona it ni oar Sol (QNot 3910.41) Here, fe) =e = x +2) (2-3) (8 (e404 3)(04 —4e—12)—100 (a= he 960? 48) 196 eae ” 382 fle) <0 ae t9)(e -4retT=0 “pee Deo + Eguaton as two ditinet and two imaginary foots M0. fis) =(28 42 =1) 08 = +8) (e221) (=a + 4h fF Dain 200 == 8 Which occurs at x =2 2) ~ Arto, Cet Paar ard Clearly, A Band C mus be zr0 2) Gren 48) ats) = is? 4-17) at-2)= b+ 8-17) =—10 {aiven} wy etna) fo Gaara a) aT AC) ten [ee sala : oF Jee CChap 01 Indefinite integral 75 42 yuh cee tensine coe * Siena cos vie wf lene deen c pele ey ta] i aE cea fA fe? aint fH = + Cy pat) a steam aime fp EAn# vacte FG) J) Ofapyraintatee (0 far xeorade Sls) =tnls Ast and B=? onlin pennant teeta eect US ae lehT6 Textbook of integral Calculus 48, fs) =142)-2 (0) 7400) (ive) scot ants) 2 “ [ae eras * sine" tine xtc fla) =e +sin + wand g(x)=—x Asin een EP) 3 +(2-97"}40 ive see : Fe) = 00478 (0-99) as) aay x2 + 42} ess 2182 Hence sumof digits #143426ona panes). 2 jo me = fea Pyar fee BA Let = fen Me a0)! afte aa oe OMe foo ex 0a 450 + 1M Put 20 5c 410" or aa A deat te a5 Trams "Va 2 a= 40083 55. Lee +H “Iaet 420 6 28) de afeeh te hor sande f uo Appring by pats in fst ntereal, we get Tenet ae aes fe (chap 01 Indefinite integral 77 PPG CaKeHe wgadetet! = wen se repens] afore teounee “foment (at “nae aces Potap ce Pete can ealict gy geeB2ne EF ap ref PED apah fans f ed + fea 2 Toes 9c 8a Pa(e-a)=PreeO node =f ec 89 Fa piamnet Tesains Tacs Fes * Smasher 078 Textbook of Integral Calculus a1 icing Latur make the substation, resets LM denadt Hence, nef area scans 2 4C 0°12) a Ger072Yoor"@ con veord 3 j_asn0/2-conor2-2nt0r2 21 Fos! 8/2 Yeo 04+ cost 0 cox ° 4y sn 0(4~c0s0) ei 215 cor) oor B+ cos OF cond Put conD=ts9sin0 dd =dt pane) ret ain Peter i ebetieyiite eaten fevrst Put pda tate muds pda Ngee Sea tale e041!" 46 sind sin 20) 60 1 aad FF Pitcond =! oe Mend a =2r de (ee) ade oA Fee assy ar Samira re cast Jose Sa = are2uda 8 ome |e 2 | “3M aS ie 2, | eee), 6 BM rae fear eoe 5 |, . po Sees : cate iganf terete wot paper ee bey de ns poeta bey! endpoint anes : sae wer! Bopvoenesbey ane") +t bx ** (m=) x emgsnetaruey soe engeneieetey Feeeene ae bes tenen oes ey apt m sas tey vaim-me as Ht cpumeuntediaens coven path salman (a4 oe fa ee deaf taney ae mea pal. cose! x-In in x (cot x+ et? #1) deCchap 01 Indefiite integral 79 = foose? x tna 3) te es 1-f—# 4+ Jeome! Ineo + Yea aT de ava tn cond nega petal x= na fFeie eater comet rde=et 1 oom x-ta(in 2) de fae + JFpar tnt tg inert by pss kinase” ras second ‘etgrl ad in second integral tegration by pst taking thy a second fenton). Webvessin 2)(- cot») fot (cot) de wins Paes | act nfo s)-cotrea-thas eye ff le = cot x(In sin x)= cot xx ~cot x fln (cot x+ Yeotx=1)) wr a9" an, wleatetve feneiaessen neg a eot xn cor r+ (SFR) cot xn feaa + : cof rte atog| Pear xP ow ain x con 3 l= fi atre deals. + great 2a rae cot es tase ee) sliteaees (sie ay 2 Get sin’ r+ dosin2s 7 @a+sin2s)* Pao oy 2 "Varuna aes 0, =f (eee on t ” eam Ji FBe+a a1, squaring bth he es. we get Peaeteet et ae anos SBEHL 1 pO, oo 4 (a=) conte dbmeanneuis Gain > raf Bbenwemsa yay Comer y . j Crasmeare asa 3 gr typa ena ID hands Uso pat ection we get dasnae ref fonaf te aed Gap Tein de ‘i sei ose 2. +e eran ier80 Textbook of Integral Caleulus wp eine Sn suiiner yy Pee SRIF yt gst tdi en gt mae a =a jeep te aw sogleai-2 gla went ea Engh 111 ag P04 —fw [Baye } c+ fee ee pa ear er oa rf se ape gure, ftir vaya ope et ae * gar) } Jane Pate [eafatvainwe vy B fe lar Frade Seed [a merce yng caval Shencmedmemnnty Nc page aero a + bug = ay orl o naga eat ee ma (28 ree ot t99 a aang > tala = y (0x38) + (* — ac) ems etynafi (om B5(] 1. Plan Ineyration by Substation 7 Suto ede x Ht a g(ndene Bf so Description of Situation Generally, students et con tes mbsitaon tener v sansa Namen (Now. forseex, we should use > (eex-tans)ecx tandc and Tf chap 01 Indefinite integral 81 “lynne f {£oa}a] Dcgmn ye =tevo-f woe =Hevee)-3f eve) +€ (ome 01 ahevie)-feverieesc82 Textbook of integral Calculus the 7 Given toga if ‘To find The valve ofa if JOE dem angina teat} +100 Now, let s assume tat _Mulupying by cos xin numerator an denominator we pet “is spel teptn equ opealtinin ye weaw+a( 22) oF Letssin x= Alen x2 oe 3} + Bleos +252) does + Ssin x=(A +28)sin «+ (B 2A) coe x Comparing the coefcens fin x and cos se et As28=5 and 8-2 Solving the above two equations in AandB, we get Aaland (in Bons a)+2(con + 2a 3) —ie ae 3 1=242ng| (ain x=2608.9] + ‘wher, isthe constant of integration ow, by competing the value of in Bas (9 and OpeCHAPTER 02 Definite Integral Learning Part Session 1 * Integration Basics + Geometrical interpretation of Definite Integral + Evaluation of Definite integrals by Substitution Session 2 * Properties of Definite Integral Session 3 * Applications of Piecewise Function Property Session & * Applications of Even-Odd Property and Half the Integral Lit Property Session 5 * Applications of Periodic Functions and Newton-Leibrit’s Formula Session 6 * Integration as Limit ofa Sum + Applications of inequality + Gamma Function + eta Function + wiall’s Formula Practice Part + JEE Type Examples + Chapter Exercise | Arihant on Your Mobile ! Exercises with the [3] symbol can be practised on your mobile. See inside cover page to activate for free.Session 1 Integration Basics, Geometrical Interpretation of Definite Integral, Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution Integration Basics What is Definite Integral ? Let fbe a funetion of x defined inthe closed interval(a,b] and be another function, such that @"(a) = f(x) forall x {nthe demain of f.then £ 109 ae=[000) +f = 0) -9(0) Is called the definite integral of the function f(x) over the interval [a,b], and bare called the limits of integration, @ being the lower limit and b be the upper limit. Remarle In deft integra constant intron is neve present Working Rules ‘To evaluate dente integra ffx) 1. Firstevahuat the indefinite integral f(x) d and suppose theresa (2). 2. Next find g() and x(e)- 3, Finally, the value of the definite integral is obtained by subtracting (@) from a) Thus, fP fla) de =L eon = 200) 2@) Texample 1 evaluate Ofte Pgs ae to ff" so xa sat Hoe, =f Ana =| BEM int ede [cnn of ara Ef (conte ter (1=2e0828 + cos" 2x) de =i" (# =e we (etamteesnt) fennel 1(Ch-ainn danan)-o] 1 example 2 the valve o [x tant a is n/a @-ni2 (see 2 (4) None ofthese ence (is the correct answer, Remark. wot (20a ‘elncoret, because tan )is not a ant-ceratv (pit) FE Donne ier =, 1,Lexample 31, = tbe Fiogxy' ax, then 1,114.5 is equal to (de-1 None ofthese wd sot eden, y= fs de= gage testeloner h-feosey Lo nte =(e-0)~af Woe, xP des ent homies Hence, (2 the comet nave. example 4 Al the values oF for which fot +(4—aoyx+ 4x? 12 are given by (ons ose (osocs (2 None these So Weave, [a 4(4-tareautidest2 | tes ananyt axtyisia sHe-nsa-aya—yeet vers ~ 4x2~20)+15 512 = #4049 50 = (o-3¥ s0 Hence, () isthe comrest newer, Geometrical Interpretation of Definite Integral UF flx)> forall xc{abhthen ff f(s) dee mamercally equal tothe area bounded bythe curve y= ts, the Xeas andthe straight lines x = and x=Bie.[ fle) de tn gener f ede eres the gee sm of he ares of he figures Bounded bythe curse y= 0. the San anda sgt nes =a and =f te ses flav ea ae tae ith ls spade enw ‘ato taken ih mn oge i ayo Figure 24 ‘chap 02 Oefinte integral 85 fie. f° f(x) de = Area (OLA) ~ Area (AQM)~ Area (MRB) + Azea(BSCD) Remark f° (2) dr represents algebraic sum of areas means that area of Finetion y=f(x)isasked between ato = Area bounded = [| f()| dx and not been represented vrfl fe) dec fsmeane ak forthe sent =? beeen It, hey = ould be plated 2 tapes been 180 > [2rd nt regret ha “Thus, students are adviced to make difference between. area and definite integral. LExample 5 Evaluate [ |(x-1)(x-2)] ax sate Ete ieee ele, Wemnemoia{ Gr Rere sett ‘Using number line rule, 1=fhie-ve-aide86 Textbook of integral Calculus [ene ande= ff (ewe =abde +f name =[Let-serayde- ff (tae ode after -aeemee Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution ‘Sometimes, the indefinite integral may need subsitation, say x = (0) Then in that ease don't forget to change the integration a and b corresponding to the variable The substitution x ~@(0) isnot valid, ‘continuous inthe interval (a 6) example 6 show that 2 be lo Peas xe DP sin x ade Fonte Fats =piabo vet nde FP tants (Givide nimerator and denominator by 08? =) Pat fan x= toed xde=dt ‘We find the new lit of integration r= tan x =9=0 when r= Oand¢ == when t= 8/2 Lexample 7 evaluate [7 Ar aieaty as well as by t Examine as to why the answer the substitution don't valid? onthe ther handsifx = 1/4, then ge dt weil) Im above neo reutsI= = m/e wrong Since, the ‘exegrand 1 > oand therefore the definite integral of {hie anction cannot be negative, Since, =1/1 is dieoatinuous at = then substitution is otal Clan) Remark iis emgrtant that the substition must be continuous in the Intonation Texample 8 evaluate f/x. 201% fo bet r= fl" SBE ge Pit sin" 6, then x sind de = os ‘Alsowhen «=@ then 0 =0and when x= 1, off 8 cae af oe = (0s + coro ing ne = (-BeosO)5" + (sin0)h*example 9 For any n> evaluat the integral 1 1h. osc oe tel ear pa xtdiew =e Viva at-x sitar ae r= fie oe {areal eG) example 10 the value of = d+ f° xlog xe dis equal to ea eral 6 (oo (ae wry in fet integral Sol tet deft regret ee Putt mp ata ff log ree de eee vet afore Hence (8) ithe core answer TExample 11 tee ss) = [7 and ge the inverse of f. then, the value of g“(0)is fa ov (VT ——_(d) None of these (aye D So Her, Pade Pn Chap 02 Definite Integral 87 ‘Therefore, g’(0)=V1+16 = V7 Hence, (is the conect answer, Example 12 Let o, = f°” (1-sint” sin 2t, thn im $32 sequal er on ms asp fol Wein «= 2" (osney sna Latsint no-cd off auf wae) -20-{( -t)a( ‘Hence, (a) is the correct answer. 1 Example 13 The value of x 1 satisfying the equation Sieve t fave he (ae? sat Let =f vee afi] en (x1) = weet os xeve 2 Heres, (asthe earrect answer88 Textbook of integral Calculus wx Vexample 14 if im 4° qual to £2, where ke, then equal to we meen fet tare [B28 (Hae Put x= t/tand adding, we get {using tanY/2) cote = 1/2] we tense ot te 0 Lee] ae Hence, (@ isthe coret answer. example 15 the value of definite integral [eo dx whe o> and 0 dnote the ayeatest integer is ve we ave Sel Lat r= ff raed a dex (et Rilog r= Tbe f saa dete fe M-ahat nine la)ar ine f de rete) Hence, the comet answer Exercise for Session 1 4. (feos ar Oe 3 [ramen 4, [ze cosxoe 5 ais © Levee 7. cies ° ieaatt? 9. (Sa (ee 10. {Pana 11. [feos2xsoo(einx ae 413. wrens stnin ete r(2) =e) -Ofr a onze x hen (Soros eal to 14: mean oo] Sime (on ent oem (oon 415. Tw 1unsetol vues t's orwbeh ne necualy(*-2.5*)oe 204 tue, an wre-4 ona ks tHSession 2 Properties of Definite Integral Properties of Definite Integrals Property L f° fox)ar=[* suey at se. The integration is independent ofthe change of variable roof Let) bea prime of (hen Leon fe) = “ante 9 Therefore, J? f(x) de [400]! =616)-8le) and Farelae=w)=He) 4 From Ea. (an (i, we have {seer Property Hl. {° f(x)de=~f flx) de ic if the limits of definite integral are interchanged, then its value changes by minus sign ony. Proof Let ¢(x) be a primitive of f(x), then ff f=) 4 =) -0) ~ ff F02) dx =-[44a) - 16) = #0) - Ka) [Preoae=- [poe Property IL. {°f(x) de = Flax) de (King’s property) Proof On RHS put(e—x)=t,s0that de =~ ‘Aso, when x =0, then =a and when x =@. then [i na-nar [i fe- nde ff foods roa and Remark ‘Ts property uel to ealste s dln sepa without st {tring he corespending ndtint nepal welch mayb situ or sometimes ingens nd Geometrically ['f(x) x= ff (a~ x) de ‘This property says that when integrating from 0 toa, we will gt the same result whether we use the function f(x) fr fla~ x). The justification for this property will become ‘lear from the figures below. ‘As x progreses from 0 to the variable a ~ x progresses froma to, Thus, whether we use x ora~ x, the entire {nterval(0,a}is stil covered, "t 0) ‘The fumetion f(a x) can be ebtained from the function ‘Ie) by fist ipping f(x) along the y-axis and then shifting it right by 2 units. Notice that in the interval[0.¢} ‘flx)and fla~ x) describe precisely the same area. “There are two ways to look atthe justification ofthis property, at decribed in the figures onthe left ad right respectively, example 16 show that 00 0" fsinadde= f°? fleasnde 0 2" ftanxyde= f°" pleorade Gin {£0 Hina sin ce= [2 fcosza-cosne =f n20.cos ae (09 [f ftinny [E fsinsi ur see90 Textbook of Integral Calculus S44 (Wenn, 2 Fot8 x i afon(B-=)]e [sin [sor de =f fa 2) a] 212" soo née 2 JP Pbin de (0 J2" sean naen J stn (ae [osu {7102060 = J 0= 20a] = 2" sot side ff" pean x) de= f° floot x) de (1 Wetnon,1= 2" fon 25nd ® =f. sin 20) con be 17 som2epcor ede Adding ae () and (we gt are 87 fein 2) x + 08) de =D" pina sin +B) ae a) (unt 7G eI soos coo AL soos) cos0 ) “if poor) on0. tat x fis x) de 4 Replacing x by (mx — 2h we get 12 JJ (x= 9 flsin (n=) de = ref eo 0 finde “0 Aading Es and, we ast a=" x fain de = 2 [* fin x) de example 17 iff and g are continuous functions satsyng flx)= flo~ x)and g (x)+ g(2~ x) =2,then show that fr finde (X)de= Jp fed de Sok tet f=" flxdatadde =f fla~xale—2)de aff fone - ae [ses fa-) 4] ‘seay= fa=#) and la 2)+3(2)=2 (Gren) [f player(a)de 2h fledde=[f fled atone ox af" ander m2" fe) de = [froma ft sore J Example 18 Evaluate a de ON yam (i [27 tog tani de Go) [° 40) {27 tog tan) che 1 sinx cos Tesinxcosx S61 0 [a a 0) "pe Ri pe etre ace yar z (i) Let 1 ("* log (tan x) de ) they rf ta {an (2) & = if" ‘og (cot x) de ‘Adding Ep. () and, we get a [tog tan x) de + "og (cot x) de = fP"* (og tan x + log cot x ) de 7 logan cot 2) de = flog rye 320% 120 “(a tat [tog tm ae “t (7 tog t+ tan (R74 = yh ae " funn/4-tuns oi oo tara) Jog (5) ae toe 2) de =f" og (t+ tan 2) 3 Flo2\ee' 1 {ing 241 t= log? > 12 log (te 1 0 me eRe = Tn [Pt SEHR ae i) Adding Bas. () and (i, we get co example 19 the value of [ log foto tan xd, where a (0, x /2) is equal to tsoletin} (ola na) (€)-alog (cosa) (d) None of these Sob tert = [" og cota tan x)de =f “is Set = [flog (cos (a ~ x)] de = f* login a) de =f tg(co ye =f tegeon nef Igbinade [Ingo 2) de [ovine frond = [700 0d tot itp] ~ lagna) [* de =a og na) ence, (the correc ane. Cchap 02 Definite Integral 91 Property, {' flx)de=[! fla+b-x)de ‘Ring's property) Proof Put x=aatb—t adr =—dt ‘so, when x =a, then t=, and when xb af’ sorde=[" flared) =-[" flarb-nat af) farb-nar=[? flarb-x ae xf! seyde=[! slard—2)de ly [[fieide=f" flasb—a de lex varies from ato the variable a +b— x toa Thus, whether we use x ora +— ‘he entire interval{a, bis covered in both the cases and the areas willbe the same. ‘The graph of fla + ~ x) canbe obtained from the graph of fx) by ist Mipping the graph of f(x) along the y-axis tnd then shifting it (a+b) nits towards the right the areas described by f(x) and fla+b~x) in the interval {bJare precisely the same, & Teyamx ser rth PSHE -0 Wen I= le eats fas (easbensa ° Ot ee 1 Example 20 Evaluate ee wo92 Textbook of integral Calculus ‘Adding Eg. () and (i, we get aa [2 des ik example 21 prove that pf Tor fo* soit ef? © tien, tf tt © Fest=ietart-terboay = ep fein Oy aeR * [Adding Eqs.) and (i we get aap fest fo) D Fert rea™ = ae [Piao te 1 Example 22 Solve nt fede Se [ffes2t—2+ Ife) ffahee -@ Taras [fewa=ate 7 [flcos2t = 2) + Jfle) si [te sande feed 08] Aine Ba (and Wy wee a(t Sol We have, I= [220 ttt 1o—Boda eo cst ope Hebo sia s(-para)efetes Directions (Ex 23-25) Lot he function eatisos Hay ex) = Hx) (x) forall x and (0) = 3. Example 23 The value of f(x): x) for all xis On ws on ow Sol Given, fle) f= fear) e £@) fc) fa) Integrating both ides, we get, Ingo) Int f(s} fa) Sea) fex) at liter f(a)-f(a)-fCAY-f'(2)=0 4 = = iiexrseeo Integrating both sides, we get f(2)-f(-™ ence (the correct answer Constant example 24 j°\—®— has the value equal to sie, STs ix) av ws fm ‘oo sant se Cages foam [one snr offer oan] esfoor Lape foe fe "7 6+ fla) flea) 9 F5Sfis fms FOV LD 5 Se fle) ¢ foo Hence (isthe cones answer. Example 25 Number of roots of fix)=0 in 2.216 fo on @2 a Bat Le rma te teen a) fle)~0 f0)-Jex) Ainposabe) ‘Therfors, f(s) no root but f() = ws €Qe)24Y x6 Ras scons pte anton ayes ene, a isthe correct anewer.Chap 02 Definite integral 93 Exercise for Session 2 1. The value off" tog (1+ tan 9) 4018 equal 10 ae -" ot (@) None of those (@)Bteo2 ()- Sag? (oS te02 2. For any integra, th valu of [0 *-cos® (an +1] ual 0 wo or o- (€) None ofthe owe 3. Theat of fe dx neato oe wr (ou (4) None of those 4. The value of? sequal Tee tN, rear mae eT eG SON fo) 1g] 2 4 gg) 2+ Oem | aa On ayn a2 te fog] 2 | - og] 2+ i O-alelEAR|- |S] eee {an od funtion then the vue off, 46. al 5. 11's an 00 turcton, then vue, MSO a oso @o wyrlasnetisnx —@)1 (None ofthese 6. tcl stands forthe geste tear ttn, then [9 —— IS ot we (oa fi _ocacrs 7. Tre vate of [E— 0< an) = Es on she og of ©. ane 8. if.g.hbe contous incon on. 5h tat (0 thon th vain ffx) 902 Modes @o on a lead a(x -2), thn te vl off fees )=-9(x) and 3h(x) =5 + 4h(a—), 9 ttamxy+t-x) @o we (ue laesie 10. Prove that [isinx)x = [sinc ee penn Some) Si —ar=ay 72. Number of postive continuous funclon (x) defined on, Yor which fYox}se =f x(x ox = 2endf'x"Y0xIeu-=4 19, Let a ant Then fis equal to ox oz 4, x gta(t= xe and; = stad tan va ot 2 3 ot (2Session 3 Applications of Piecewise Function Property Applications of Piecewise Function Property Property V(a). f° flx)de =f‘ fox)ar+[* slxyde, Front Leo) be ete en J. fevas=40)- 40) 0 and [5 fle)dx +f? fedde =[4e) ~ H0)] +160) He] = 4b) 4a) “ rom Eos. (and, we get ff fear=[f soy aes |? soy ae Generalisation Property Va) can be generalised into the following form ff foods = [2 foaae+ [* fled aer + [i poode ey

8 FSP eate{ regret Then, (en iszs2a ff eatden [ote rf! enue Texample 28 Evaluate (0 ff leosxlee (i) J)? #2x-3]ae ba [oo de [foo tae [bonnie = ou nde =f, Gos nde in 17" (in ba =(-0-0-1)=2 (0 [tet 20-3 de = [fit eae -sydes [2] eae—stde 0) Wehave, x! +2¢-3=(¢43)(= 1) st bte-300 for #<-3 oF x>1 ands? 420-360 for -3¢ee1 Sox 42-3] (8420-2) for eatore>1 <(s8 +2e-3), for ~3 1slsinx|+feosxisvi “hs in] # eos ]=1 J sin x] +1008 x hdr =" adem on ence 0s the cots neve. Example 37 the value ofthe definite integral F shpar-a1de, where a e(0.a is sn x| 0081) i tepcosa pCO, Snes ® ® ote @re Sol Let T= |" "sinleldt, where 2x-a= 1 > de = Hffjesinared [sinc bed -tef cosa} -Hf-eosa-1) = for cosa) st rcora)=t f0~coxm) +301 core) =1 Hence (is the comect answer Example 38. Lot fbe a continuous functions satistying 1 for o0 corresponding to-x> 1) “Therefore, f(x) =e". for x20 a ‘Again, for< 53, pays xed) FO), for £30 jineise fieerc 9 C0 =/0)=4 ft a ftejastarse Hehe we LExample 39 The integral [Eo eae janes ae estas the abe equal to @o we ova or Sol Let saint cost 9 l(-sinreost) + (sine cost) (2"" (asin cos) ae aff an ae ar" sneer “These wo te 2400. ls cancels ene. is the corect answer Example 40 the value of ff (x)dx, where 3s equal to 2 (4) None of these sob tere [2 fonde= [aes frac + fae +f OE) oo Wek, Wenwe, [2 /laydestora2 Hence (the correct answerTextbook of Integral Calculus Exercise for Session 3 1. 10. 11. Theva ct{? x=2] «x dere nts ho rset integer ncn, eo os we (or (Nene othaso Theva off x1) el emulto on os 3 (2)None ot ose Lex) == or every el amber (whereas itgral part of) Then te vac of (x) eis eat © oo oo we (@)None ots The value of," +L + [elle (where ] denotes the greatest integer function is equal to we os 3 (None ota Te vaect "2% dis toh ene be tt nee resn 2, ta ot one ors wt, wot (None ofthese . The vanaf f* nl vere, (denotes ractonl part of) eat * 5 z (None ws ws wf (2) Noe ot thse The vaio of {* "er (hero [an ence ho greatest near and aon part of) sequal 0 2 ox og 7 2 of os The vale of "(+ ot where £1 denotes the greatest integer functon of») e equal to co( M2) soe 9 (BEY se 09 (o(HLEL 8) « oe (6) None of these The vat pare (nae dente th grates ntegerunctono) equlo (ertent (108 {6} 10r—tent (@) None ot nese roger + then he valu of [ais ual to 1 wd tot “The value of [12* (where denotes te greats intgorunctn of xis eqs © ws (®)l0552 oo i12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Chap 02 Definite integral 99 Tho valuo off" (eee"*x] + eat*x])e (whore, [] donoes the greatest integer function) is equal to (@)(s00 1)- 10e (0) 10-501 (@)n-e004t (4) None of hese “The vai of (7 cox uh] denotes reat ner unten s eat (a)x+ cott (me cot2 (eye cots cota (oper cot2 he val ot tant tees, ret tego) eit 1 1 1 1 (a4 ) @ o, Onn nao mas The vale [2-1 +e oes dese he sretstitger anton is ou o 58 8 ors 55 Se yf oF os Evaluate fx", here] dontos he greatest ieger uncon) Prove tat [eb = 1-8. doe te rset reer etn rey ane tnd erin gett gen econalpr een Ton bate ertais ito)= ent. snare x «(22m +e Wan gets reset testo, Then, ovale t a(a)le- 1 fein = fsx ntgor ver, an) denotes the retest tager an ractona pats respoctvey, tran the vale of 43) ual.Session4 __ Applications of Even- -Odd Property and Half the Integral Limit Property Applications of Even-Odd Property and Half the Integral Limit Property Property VL [pede ats lz) dif f(x) inaneven function if f(x) is an odd function fla) d+ [* f(x)deitacest (adds +f fader FCO (at), where t= =x ff onde ff pena = [f 4-2) ae (osing properties and m) | Jf sera fla) iseven =f sha) de, if $00) 88d From Eas. (and (we get [fore -{" fle) de, fle) is even 0, if flx)isodd LExample 41 Evaluate f(x? + 5x+sinx}dx sob te, f)=29 50+ sn fles)an a 5x~sins == JO) So, f(x) an odd function Hence, |" (2 45 sina)de =o [owed sea) ds -{ ehpioaetin al T Example 42 Evaluate {7 a x3 sin® x dx. fl-x)=(- 2) sin (= x) ==» fin (- 2) =~ x°(-sin x) == x? sin x=— f(x) x iiecuaice saws f, fnsens te ft Pant sde=0 Lexample 43 evaluate [°/ sin? xe tm then it x)= Ian 0 sin asia? x= fle) san eve fancton Bence (a x)= 2 ["* ain x) de naff? 2802 gy Hexample rhe ac f oo ~) dis oualt @; et wa @o seh tet fla) voli )sz. f()isan odd function ss [iseeen ft (222 eoo * peyden| a fleisod [sb nw HABE Hees, ( tect ane Example 45 the value of “vse sn( Haase ( ae dx is equal to 8 we 8 oF a= meemlie) (a )-sina(n~ »):sn(Eeoste— a) (n=s)-in (29 sin Soe x) o ft f =a ing 8 we (x-psinae-sin( Ecoe x) a EA Hence, (cis the comet answer. chap 02 Definite Integral 101 cosx eX 2xcos?x/2. Texample 46 iF f(xj=| x? secx sinx+x? |, 1a tan then value of f°” 24 0Tfa)+ fei equal to wr WF 2 Nene atthe cosx et 2x cos? x/2| sol as jlaye] oa see anes? 1 Ba | sftn=-10) A fleived. a a)icern = f"(xVis 0% Thy, fa) fC oa fnction et oC (* +1) [f+ SN) = eens 0) inocnised [2 ocnr=o ene) cone ane example 47 ‘the value of sin Qx 137) de is equal to (ald) (CaWWF+N (None of these i ae of ei wite [weal feree=2l pooenitse-n= 0)] Rite=snd de cos a ame i wave sin (ae f= sin“*(2sin 0 08 0)-c08 0. = Af sino 28 420 [ino d= f°? sin do = 4B(-c0s 0) [5 con 0) +2" (cond = 4B con OEE + Af" con 0) inten ser ina ina i Hence, (isthe correct answer102 Textbook of integra Calculus le, 48 Suppose the function "+9, x4b, (MN) Satisies the equation J), (Pe+41gq(x1be=0 forall linear Functions (px-+q), then (2)0, =b, =0 (Wd, =0:4, (on, me 3 = (doy ma Sok Werave [| (peta baarshide=e Equating the odd component tobe 2eo and integrating, we re 205 BaP ong = oforall mes " ‘Therefore,b, <0 and 4 = ne ence. is the coreet nsw. Property VII (a). f saan aff fod it flea-x)= fix) if flea—x)=-flx) Proof We know, [ foode= [i pende+[* fended Consider the integral [* f(x) dr putting x =20~1 30 then =e and when x=2a then =0 af feyae=[! fea-n ea =—[) fee-nat =[f fes-nare[" fea ae a] Fforest fle—a)= Fle) ={f sleds, if flea-x)=- fle) ) From Eqs. (and (i), we have peeyden[? Lf fede. if flaa-2)= fo) I Pre f 0 if flee~x)=~ fea) x L Example 49 Evaluate |. hor” Sol Let ie erroorta nde s_(e-s)de_ pe Teta ® Teas hirer of wt _ée = sew saa eee a flaa~x)== fix) = ren [ ye (avidng rector and deorsiatr by cos») I ts sec! x x= de then t= Oand when x= /2then t= = real ste ka) Example 50 Prove that [0 tog sin x) d= 2" og (cos nde — Flog 2 Sol Let Pot tan Also, when = Hence oe 0 JP" woesinns2— a9 ae =f tog cos sae i) Adding. and (Owe et a1 [tops xe"? ag cos xe ‘Then, = ogsin x +1 cos x) de = te inc cons) de "og 288-5 ee = [ee (822) a “f" og) x = [0 logsin 2x de — og 2) 0” in 20) de AL pila ener -Eiogs “0 [°* tog sin 29) de3 [Mogan dr patingt =) hal extia na . a fan 2) =~ 502) [mel roefee Fladds, fa x)= J), J og sin x) Hence" logan xd = Bog Remark Stents cise ery 27 leasindor=f topo er Ble example 51 1 f(x) =f" tog fost) ct then the valve of foy-2(E+2)+2y(E-2) is equal to {a) -xlog2 (ty og (oSig2 (A none ofthese st te (E+E) [" atone f ngcn p= [072 hgh 6h) og (cost) dt nf gto ya [2°"" ag on a8) (ed )-(F4) 22 [6 tog ous ya —2 [21° tg (cost Putt in first imtegral ant = +z in second nega ee get =-2f,""tog cos 2)ér-afigon (e+ 3) oop? e( Hot ant» Jat =" (og2)ae~2 ," tog eos) 42 = log2-2 7" tg (cor2) de Chap 02. Definite Integral 103 Hence (ie the correct anewer example 52 f° (2 ) de A then the value ceeorap 9 (resin x}? (aAtae—n? (an-A-n? de is equal to ()A-2n48? (4) None of these = ax? cost /2 (Coin sol Let #8 @ews? 212-1) care i rere vane BA 2 re Ope {ise ae ates i were, xd pe (noa)de vol ia roa {tsOenaie-ste) [ome nee ae fecal, dept _ ee Trane n2e Soe £ ae=2e an 4 Ken Thus, 42K - Ba A-n? san Hence (isthe correct answer BA104 Textbook of Integral Caleulus L example 53. the value of Jf, (eos x= sin" Yim?) de (o> 0) here, [f cos"! xde=Ais (no-a (n0-24 (nora Sob it F=f ai-Phae = ff oor x sine Yim Dae +f Scott ede Anal ant fio ae (byno+2a (sero xsi! faa) ae [i e-card an2a nee (0 he crete. Property Vit) [f roie=o-a[! 10 ts convenient to change the limits of {integration nc some other lint For example suppose weave to a we definite integral a the iis integration ofthese integrals re ferent. if we culd Somehow change the iit ff into those of, 28 ‘ceovera or inf change the limit ofboth i into a third Common) se fits, the addon coal be sccomplised ean. Plz) de. We need to change the limits (ato 8) to (ato). As x varies from ato B, we need a new variable # (in terms of x) which varies from ato. ) x talde ‘As described in the figure above, the new variable is given by, “The modified integral has the limits (ato 6). A particular ‘case ofthis property is modifying the arbitrary integration ‘and b’ = 1 For this case, 1af'jeyae=(o-a) fslas(o—an a example 54 Evaluate [iets ders re" ca Sol. Here we ko fe" cannot be evalated by indefinite deter Lada [oF OF deaese anf eto ap k [ee ae Esyeetl “hee * wher r= gat sa 4 [feo aca f2? te-29 dene Property VII (6) If f(s an oda funtion, then J(0) de ian even function, Proof Wehave, $-x)=[°" Ji ae ax flo drs [7 saat Ax=04 0" float [+410 isan od anton then ffoe x)=- [fiw dy, wherer = wx =f" foray [rf isan od fnction, then f(-y)=~ FY] = xd [feo ae 2) Hence, (x)= [* fl) ds an even function iff) iat. = we example 55-1f (x)= [" wa( et, then discuss whether even or odd? sat te 4) cnet 22 Je-ta( t= we == he eso netion 400) = ff gL) ean en ncn, Property VII (I tis an even function, then x)=" fle) dt isan odd function. * f-y dy Proof Wehave, o(~)=[" f(r)dt=— where chap 02 Definite Integral 105 [ef ineven fantin = f(-9)= £09) = Wena [" soar = We) == 012) Hence, (x) is an odd function, Remark fea even tation, thon fr non ze racesey an oda fneton. Rl bean ee funtion, i {)atignot PPnvaraotecause t9u)=f fats anodatuneton = e-ni=-e = Ll oaenff noe = fPanate fy nnat=-f" anat-fF foe PMOL te noh=f noe ff et (otra y=-tin cond integral ofS f= = eflera=fi toray-ff ner = afPtoa-0 = ff etn fo nner-0 er tne reverisencastuneton, nen seen} ontffaatao106 Textbook of Integral Calculus Exercise for Session 4 4. Leth: Rand g:R Robe continous functions, then the value of [2 Wx) + 4(— xltaC#)~ afd ts equalto ot eo ot (Nona nese 2. Theva of[ (paris oqalto on of 0 tanere ctreso 3. Thevaluo of? (Hitt |erisecte (2m (n-2 (2-3 (anene of bese 4. ttt) an odd uncon, trent va of (2, —F2#) gt equa to on I Feat” wo ortens)s tina) 04 {None ot hose va (Sea) 5. The van of f408, TPZ AIT ig oquatto oe ox ogy oss 6. The value of[" SF de, where > 0.8 srs 201) wx on (a wt : ©: os 1 mney ote (122) anomie outta w-3 ee oo (929 8. Theva", ab aniserato (0 or cs 9. 1 tsencts greatest heer tron. hen be vabect{"([$]+ aris won oe «oe 10. Tw epaton|", [snes P8051 drat carcontns psa ten ren (oavante asec (ase nance 11. The vave ot”, econ . wi (team (arene ese 12. Letf(x}be a continuous function such that f""" ery =n?,n eZ Then the vate off, fxyoe oe e-2 oe ox44 13. Lotf(xy= nd fx @o wa Chap 02 Definite integral 107 fox =a. Then, fF 1a sequal to (2a (Nene of hese 14. Lett: +R be a continuous function given by (x + y)=Flx) + fy Mforallx.y € Reiff. f(x) dx = a,then, J2, eres equal to (28 we 15, The value of {*, [xi Is equal to or we . Dit (Q.Nos. 6t0.17) -|shisist Let fta)= lols|>a 16. The graph for g(x)! glvan by 17, Thovalue of [°, g(x}ek is we os * Direction (@. Nos. 18 20) lat ef rahe 18. The value of |, , 2 ~ I, is equal to fom a to: titan $cc @o (6) 105 20. Thevalue of Faq is equal 10 @o (6) 108 0,12, (oo (Nore of hese (2 os and g(x)=/(x + 1)+ fle -D)for alle eR. ©) ee ee os os @-n (oor (on (Nene ofthese ws (@)None oftheSession 5 Applications of Periodic Functions and Newton- Leibnitz’s Formula Applications of Periodic Functions and Newton-Leibnitz's Formula IF (x) isa perio function with period, then the area under f(#) form periods would be nines the aes under {le for one period ie. [fen acenfl poerae Now, consider the periodic function f(x) =sin x as an ‘example. The period of sin xis 2x. Figure 26 Suppose we intend tcalelte [sin i a8 depicted above. Notice that he darkly shade area inthe terval {ance 2n}ean precisely cover the area marked as Thus, Jf sina d= [Min de “This will old true for every pero function ff" fen de = ff fonae (where Tis the period of f(x)) “This also implies that [007 soar de= fF seeide =nfl fon de fo 22F pea) dem fpced a ey aol fede vl fle de Lexample 56 Evaluate f,™* |cos x|de Sol Note that ota peiole with period tt 124" Joon tde [sing reer, fo% slarde=afy Stee] wa [0 conxte-[E, nee} wses)"ns)! Jeane Lexample 57 prove that [1 e*-0" de =25(e—1 Sol Sine, x~ [x8 perio function with period one Therefore, ef as period one Taf etrtlae eas ft tl ae [sccoronenn [7 edde= af soa] 25" eae =25(0")} =25(e'-e) =2%e-0 TExample 58 The value of {2° tsi x+ cos xl dis equal to ()=m (la @)=2m (None ese (where (3 denotes the greatest intege function) Soh tat = Gin x + cos de Wetzowsin + cor x = Esin( «+2 ) ao miner san/4 sin x + cos x=. eens [eS mreseam a [tun econ xldee "de [2 odea [Lemar Cader EE nace [2 ae Ceo FG )G- 3) Since,sin x + cos x has the period 2m 2 tan x cosx}6e =n .™ (ain x cor x]de Hence, 0 the corres newer. Texample 59 the value of [* flxidx; where fle)eminmum Gx) Rand (denotes Fractional part off equal to @s ms Sol Welow, f+ Tu os fetta 60) mam (i #14 8-1) = [sonra [l, tide=0-Conf inde {oo} pri wih prod") =10f! e-Esbdent0f! de “(El Hence, (¢) isthe correct answer. ws Lexample 60 show [*"" |sinx|de=(2n+1)-cosv, where nis a postive integer and OSV < x MIT se 19%, 3006) "han ltr e f°" lan xtde nx de ref sin Ld [sing rons" stone ror [f" nnte=nff tanner] estes) e atts De Gat9)-co8 [Tin de = (0n48)~ 00 where nis apse bicgerando sm chap 02 Definite Integral 109 example 61 the vate of cot" tan x) equal to ww ot & i. at d): Sob tot r= [co Han 2) site(a(ee 8 [5 LF teaemem— mf sorte] x ocrens? ate, R/2erse (ede “( (&-3)-@ Hence, i) athe corte answer example 62 et g (x) bea continuous and diferentiable function such that g { If? we ~ad} atx)ax =0, then gix)=0 when x (0,2) has (where, [1 denotes the greatest inte- ger function) {@)ecacty one real root (atleast ene real root (©) no real root () None of these Sol As.1<24 ~32 v xe (V.¥572) = [P" wet -naeray xe02) svete taf I = (3) = should have afeast one rot in (0,2) bee'@eq] Hence, (is the comet answer Example 63 The value of x satisfying eee {F}o-2" (x4 Md is equal to (where, (J and {denotes the greatest integer and fractional pat of») @em-3) won aes (@)Noneof these110 Textbook of integral Caleulus al cnen ge {zero [neuer eo {E}e=f" aortas = i sferehtt | Z]aeoustnen =k (sj seen using f'" sle)deen[ ftayde and | 7x) dem f°) de where Ta period ff) Melee Ed = (4+ D0= te) <0 = (l=-0 = xe[-M-19) Hence, (a isthe correct answer, Property IX. Leibnits's Rule for the Differentiation under the Integral Sign () Iethe functions 6(x) and w(x) are defined on a.) ‘and are differentiable at a point x €(a,b) and f(x.) is continuous, then ZLRS sone] fit renee] gon & I the Functions 9(x) and w(x) are defined ona, b] land differentiable at a point x €(a,6) and f(t)is ‘continuous on (a), 0(4)}, then ECA seat) = Zen eve — Loe soo [example 64 Find the derivative of the folowing with respect to x ; (0 [estat (off cote sok lat fla) [ened co]-n{ Loo}eore ad = £08 (x) surat] 4 sing Letitia’ rae, [ te tet (roe Lawenrivioy Lens st0 | (0) tet fory= "cone + Lutmecatet {te} rotor} =i (couttydt )=aecon x Levample 65 evhate 2( f° cos?) Sob tet fe) fo cos at Loner (£4 ( EEC) =pertk (4) 2 ELF ort )aeeorrten(3) Lexample 66 we (fer at f sin* eat) =0, sna %. sat wernon, £([7 are" sat eat) =0 =o? {Zoi} ef Lo} santo |Z ce} ~sn'o{ <0 me P Beteant tooo Bante ant? Example 67 Find the points of maxima/minima of to ste i Be Sol bet fta= 2 (EDU + Dees a2Fm th wy ci cleata (e) changes ts Sonat s=33 Stoama hence te pao of tiene "ites hangers vetoed andofthe ion we" 0 ugh cange Rom vee vA example 68 Find | al g i) gi es BO gr EO at ae Slogx loge 4 aU aati? Example 69 y=] flOsin {K(x — Nat, then ey cove that 22. fa ae J 4 Ky = Kf), Sot Wehwe.y=],7 flan xcs ya Dien wn we et 2 4 2 eosin te npats Ley “AF Gain K(x = 91 ZO {FO sin KO) =K LE fleyooe Ke 1d 40-0 Boel! pocame-oa Aeon aon ternrt ea 7 Seae{[ Zire temper ferent dn) -recenacad [-K [" seein xe 1pat + fia)-0] [ston Ktx-1)dev kG) ays nsiy = Seseyente example 70 a Jaman? dts f costar=0, then evaluate % Sol Dilferentiating wrk x we have (A Bratt at) +2 1 cosnar=0 Chap 02 Definite Integral m example 71 Let-£ 00 ff 2 c= Fx) —F(, then the possible value of Kis ao 6m Ow OR a - sot werwe Ler = 0 ee epee gaat ha ten = (FCB = FQ6) - Fa) - Kate Hence, (the conet answer example 72.the function fief loin (sat) dt, where x €(0.2R), then f(x) strictly inreases inthe interval o( x) ($3) (2.2) oH eh fiee oo sin t ben and (snx+t)>0 - Ossinerd F*R)= FO) From Eg (2) = W350 = VET Hence (6 the correct answer. Property X.Let a function /(1.) be continuous For PeesPinie se s4 teaoreny eet . fa). afteve) ste) =[° flx.a) dx, then F=f Sa XNénb20 example 76 Evaluate Wb) =f) sal, Weave 10) f! 4 pati 2[ 2=! |acso-0 = goo 3( ae} 4 y= doo Integrating both the ides wt we get “ Gin, to =0 (chen 60) i) ‘As, fom Es. 10)=og(t) + 2 no=c ‘iy From Ea (andi. 20 = 18)= log +1) 1 Example 77 Prove that [ dx nla? +b?) Fant eb co ae 4B sol Let aDiflereniting both the sides we, we get cee sin x +P cost a “ Similarly by difereniting Bq () wer." we get t cos! x seg Cm eo e rer «iy ae Adding Eas i) and i), we get [ft nto ode natin x 4B cor? a fa ae Gate Por example 78 The value of 2? latte xsn*o) 0); x= Dis equal to sin? @ 7 anyiex—o oynyiex—a (VRYTFR-9 ——_()Noneof these 1 log =n? 8) peg aint ‘As sbove integral i function of Thus, difereniatng both the sides wat, we get ren ae Sal Given f(x) fi 28 oe 40-0 8 (sing NewtonsLesmt' formu) ab put_ cone. “Presa ean ot ee ae chap 02 Definite integral 113 rons = nen firtee Tenet ice wr fyenite neaGiFE 8 mete are ser Example 79 Let f(x) be a continuous functions for 2sec?t ian all such hat (0)? =f 0 wt}3 (d) None of these Sol Here, a (rey? (On diferentiting both the sides wax, we get afta). fa)» fay BEE - fa~ Integrating both the sides, we get foe Since, f(0)=0 Om bg (y+ > ca lgs (2) = log(4+ tan x) ~ og (4) = ft)emtee- mt de log (4+ tan 2)+ 6 5 at Hence (isthe correct anewer.m4 Textbook of Integral Calculus Exercise for Session 5 1. Toman ct f's5n(x- tad egal oor] ncn he reset itogerfuneten) we e19 on on 2, Thevateer fxn ars, (ortes te rots ge fncion) won ot conn (2Nae ot ese 3, The vaso [si +08 a seal to (a) a (4) None of these (2m own oxhy @ 4. Letrtx)=-teter ever ral number x (here, denotes greatest nage fincton. nan [' x28 equal a on en oo o 5. uff trae ox eff!) rene ve os 3 1 3 oo or oy 6. ‘The least value ofthe function a(x) =f (@sint +4cost et onthe interval = 3 aed. + ced o-afhede oy (@)None ot meee 7. The pints ot extremum of o2)= ['e'(1-1)at are (oeetat (xe oenat (axed 8. 17(x) period nation, wih period , then (orf rene = ("ree (ofc freer vet (Fon 2 20. 2 a = Fk). thn ono ofthe posible vale of kis ws we rw (ox 10. Lot £:(0,=)-9 and Fir)= [tht WE (2?) = «444 2), thon (4s equal to wr a (2 11. Let T >0be a fixed real number. Suppose is coninuous function such that f(x +T)=f(x)for all € Rf ra tent va ot an) oz wa wow oe 12, Lett{x)= ff J2=Fat, then the roa oot of the equation x?=1"(x)=0 are wot og word oneChap 02 Definite Integral 115. 13. Letf¢)be an of continuous function whichis pro wih pred 2. gx)= fa ten (@)900)8an ods netion (0)90)= Ofecatn ew {@)(2n)= Oforalin en {€) 9008 non-paidic 14, Letf(xbe a function defined by (x)= [° te? -at +2), 15 x 53. Then, the range of (x) is @oa of 4] f-4 2) (6) None of these 15. The vale of Ze is wo ot o-} 2 16, jrtssetcasn “for all x £0, thena and. are given by 1 @a=to (lan 2b=2 (a= =4 (sa=26=4 17. teHx)=fP oy at ana f eeny (010) = SB (0) = (eG, cree (3) None of hese 18, Lett bea rea valued function destined onthe interval (-t1)such thato™*(x) =2+ |" at forall x e(-49) and let“ be th inverse off. Then. f"Y(2)s ual ot e19 ore (ile aur ee 2010) ' Directions (Q. Nos. 19 10 20) Consider the function defined on (0,1) R fee) = DEEMEE, ifs e00nd F0)=0 sr 388 2012) 19. |) (x)dxis equal to (@)t-sinc1) @)sinct)=1 @ sn (6-80 (1) 20. im, 3 f, Mx) dei oual (is ete owe (e128Session 6 Integration as Limit of a Sum, Applications of Inequality Gamma Function, Beta Function, Walli’s Formula Integration as Limit of a Sum Applications of Inequality and Gamma Integrals ‘An alternative way of deseribing x) ds that the definite integral [° f(x) dx isa limiting ease of ‘summation an infinite seis, provided fs) cominouson(a bhie.{* stx)de= tm "8 flat ri), where ‘The converse i also true, lif wwe have an infinite series of the above form it can be Some Important Results to Remember nia+) of ew $v -mesnanen peasy? ‘ at-) 1, (r=) ee (iv) InGP, sumofmterms,S,={ an, rat aa") expressed as definite integral. Method to Express the Infinite (9) sinet+sin(cr +) +5in(oc+28) +... sinfor+(n—i)B) Series as Definite Integral _sianB/2, (9 Bepes the given series in the form E2 f( ©) sinB/2 (4) Then the Lit i ity sum when n>" (0) cose. teos(a +f) +20s(0+28)+...peosfa-4(@=18) seams is(3) sina +(n— 8/2) (Replace by x and byte) and lim Zby the signoff (60) The ower and the upper Lint of integration are limiting values of € forthe fet and the lst term of papper tt Some partelar cases of the above ore ome 1 on 3 tm F y(2)-ff sone 24(2)-f nord =0(asr=1) Remark The mathe ot erluste the integral as lint of the sum ofan (as = pn) ‘nine sere is known a ntagration by frst princes,(Chap 02 Definite Integral 117 example 80 evaluate the following = [2 feet eh - ea LExample 83 Evaluate {* (ox"+be-+ c) de from the re 7 first principle, Wa aa tae Sob Let x= rh where = SoE AS Nxorhr0 and chron 2 fart the teldee tn Spas) = tn S lacs erat socom) ee) gee) one = Sfa(t+343)+ (43/2) re)=210+ EB b+ 3118 Textbook of Integral Caloulus Lexample 84 The value of av lin foo ) {is equal to ® sin2® en 3% in sin 2 cin 5. (ons 2 sn 3... (@) None ofthese fim sin sin 2 sin 2% anne |" aan zm 2 a20=08) 1 1 1 wt wi ot sot tat a={ tin saga, En in in 2 = [2 togsin( See [ose am 2 (2) =f eree] “Lf ontin 2a | [wine tones af senasicstn- 2s] on =22 (07 gta o£ { Sigs faa on ane= Eh] rg? meannenin + Anse ene (sth cone eet Lexample 85 the interval (0,4) is divided into n Spo ub eerva bythe patsy seagate per cm chen cocks ate nS Bx = x;—x)4 for! =1,2,3, equal to ae we 2 2 i o (as Sob. im, Se(2, 445 Hythe) = tim {4842s +] Ola he ig 4.20099, ence, the comet neve. L Example 86 The value of sim} cao faeyS (bp -14V5 oo ete in one = tin! (= 1S er lgigi Bra Hence, () the covet answer Applications of Inequality Sometimes you are asked to prove inequalities involving definite integrals oto estimate the upper and lower boundary values of definite integral, where the exact value ofthe definite integral is dificult to find. Under these ‘cumstances, we use the Following types ‘Type Lf f(x) is defined on [a,b], then \c Fix) ae|s[? [7601 ax. Equality sign holds, where f(x) is entirely ofthe same sign onfa,b]. TExample 87 Estimate the absolute value of the de [Cree |ale -« ne ‘Since, [sin x|<1 for x10 ee (09 -10).10°* ero" (the ve value of integral = 10"Example 88 the minimum odd value of (a> for SiOx ot wich (°” 22%. decd is equal ich eae <9) Soa os saws sot teen” SEE Cp ae teat She Tee (vanxer = ra ine tee of Hf ln Teen Tae Were = wereiest ten 2k nw 2 choses orto swie a=284 nw if on ‘Minimum odd value ofa Hence (is the core answer. ‘Type. | rower|s (Pree) [ Pear). where f *(x) and g*(x) are integrable on 0, b]. LExample 89 Prove that [ Y(i+ x) (1+ x5) dx cannot exceed 1578. | sa [foram Pes [flere [fo er) ‘Type MIL. If f(x)| g(x) on(a,b], then BP payer f ce) an partial 0) 20 then f? fs) dro. Example 90 if f(x) is a continuous function such that fly xe (2,10) and {fle} ok =0, ten find (6). ‘Sol f(x)is above the X-axis or on the X-axis for all x € [2,10]. rete than zero at any subvinteral of [4 8) [" Fleyde must be gretter than zero, But chap 02 Definite Integral 119 If s00)de=0, which shows f(e) can have any valve ester than ser inthe subsite (4.8) Flas constant in the abner [4,8] and has tobe esol ll pons [48] Ss fo=n veetss) = f0=0 “Typelv.Foragivenfuncton fx)continuouson(e,0)if ‘youareabletofindtwacontinaous functions f(x)and f(x) ‘nla such hat f(x) < f(x) fx), x fa B]then [nears [? odes? porde pierce! Iexanpe stroet =f) Gas Ss fat Snot atle a? 28leae oy rele) Vaa# fine = Lamas oy xe fa) “aS sive = Cyst ye sl) Tapers > (weet peg 2 Eel ‘Type V. Ifmand M be global minimum and global ‘maximum of f(x) respectively nab) then m(b~a)s[° s(x) de sada), roof Wehave,m f(s) SAffor all x€(a.6] - [maes[? sonace[’ wae = m(v-a)s[” fladdrsm(b—a) Lexample 92. prove that as f° 3+? de < 250. Sol. Since, the function f(x) = YB increases smopotoneally on the interval (13 4. Medaximun value ot S997 = (OS = 8 tod meMcimun ae of S97 « a P =2 #),120 Textbook of integral Calculus m=2M =V30,b-a=2 2asl? ere ax sv = 45 f° Gre dese Lexample 93 Prove that 1s feck se Hence, Sol. For 0s x 1,wehavee” se" et S0-os ff asea-o > isl earse Gamma Function Afni postive mimber, then the improper integral (i e°* x"! de is defined as Gamma function and is denoted by Tn ie Taaf7 er* x" dr,where x€.0* L Example 94 Evaluate an so @ =e = in, [- soviet (oo reef = im = lm [bet -0-) (osing L Horitlsrle) Properties of Gamma Function Gamma function has following properties () P= To== and P(nsi)=nPn eg, P52 4P4=4x313 4X3 x2F2 Bea x2x1P1= 4x3 x21 (i) Hene Ny then (+1) =)! (ii) Pasa) =v () [0 sin® x cos" xd = Tam wor 2r(2) -r( = = Texample 95 evaluate." e"* x3 de Sol. By definition of Gamma function, [lett den emt tdeare [Pete ans 1 Example 96 Evaluate L(t) ” te et erf' (eta Patlog bat = de =e at (3) Beta Function The beta function is Blmnd= ff x4 aa a, wheremn>0 Properties of Beta Function (0) (m,n) = Baum), wheremn>0 Tmtn @ Bom ine eay yaa fetta genta wherem.n>0 de (4) Boman) = [- oa8 Oa ae wo tede=at fen ane ta( 22 )=1-f0a8 rasa Wallis Formula ‘An easy way to evaluate [sin x-cos" x dx, where mney Wehave, [0% sin x-cost xde= [sin x-cos™ x de (n=). (ord) m= 1) (m= 3). (0.02) (= ora) 2 (mt adtmen=2) ‘when both m and n€ even integer. P= 1) m= 3082) -(0~ (8-9) (4.2) (mt a)(m-tn= 2) (0083) when eter of morn € od inte. Remark tea poste integer then chap 02 Definite Integral 121 \ ae mae LExample 98 Evaluate ["" sin* x-cos* xa Sol Using Gamma funtion, ee have [ant econ ae SIDED 2 s/t meey xtra (dara) se 2xSt “se TExample 99 The value of f* e®"*” dis equal to fe x oe we of (None of these sok tet = [72 ae vg 2 teeth teal fe (gatas atasase deat) Eerie tae tosing Pet etm) sae Hence as the comet nave (wing =)Textbook of Integral Calculus Exercise for Session 6 Teva tfn)= [27 PRLS ag 20a o sno LYRE) ONRWIFI-N aR (2)None ofthese 2. tmovauoct tin 28 (2) tomato (os e92 @eos-1 (ova (2)None ottese 3. The value of in Aenean +2043) (n-+n)}"* is equal to ae oF (¢) None of these 4. itm. EW, then the value off." (x —ay"(b ~ x7" dx fs equal fo @-2"*"-min! ora reat earn tavanetboe we 5 revmunet sm (2!)P oct a 2 off (inact : i +m terms} is equa 6. member! nla ate sent Sool 2 ) oe(s) (¢) 4109 2 (6) None of these o7m(3) 7. reve in [+2 2 98? ot oBea-m 2, 62-16) gen -19) (@) None of these ‘The value otk) =f," log (cn? 0 +k? 08? 0) 8 equal to (o)rlog(t+K9= nig? @)log2—bo(t+k) (lag (1+ K)=xlog2 —_(4)Nonaot hase 9. m,n EN, then Im 9= fy 2 (1=X)" dis equal to mint 2nint mint Gene Omens a Omens a 10. Trevate tun) =f 2 ania(yn en) (None ot hose (enn woe om (None ot heseJEE Type Solved Examples : Single Option Correct Type Questions © Be. 3. The true set of values of for which the inequl- iff 0-23") dz 0 r0e i thee a(t} Ieequal to ‘aie Od 64.1 Wf, Hode=E and fs) ton fonion 1 Ole) Ee-WUIa) EE Nees Sob ee, nes sat4300 = 6 <1 or 3*<¥a>0 uta) Hence () is the courect answer. 4 Theo te dite taal [7 rin inna eat there) fete ae © Ex.2 Thevalueof (on We OG ma So. The pen epi pert e e f +1 * eae a alae tater Hence, the comect answer Hence, (0 the corres anawer124 Textbook of integral Caloulus 965 time 1 G28 hat eu of OF Oe wre ature 22!) nna Sata tine }(**4) one 2S, hink—bion + inn nee tra ofr s(t) wore sets) 290% run 2-0 (copying LHosptl rae) ener) she conrect answer, © Ex.7 Let fbea nonnegative function defined onthe Inenal Oa. re eGo fhe sx stand J10)=0. hen sr sez 200, co 2)edoas(d)>4 o> tor 2)o3 worl.) fans3) Berets saperes sto fftenemne ese (te coe ane [Vive dt is ‘an od function and g(x) = f(x) is an even function. Statement Il Fora differentiable function f(x) 7 /"() 8 tan even function, then f(x) is an odd function ‘Sok If fe} of then Fx) ieeven but converse ot ve, cg Hf (e)= esis then fla) sine xenes +O (© Ex. 14 Statement |The function f(s JEE Type Solved Examples Passage Based Questions Sexy=nsins xeon + On adding fle)+ f(-2)=constant which need nto be ea Forsttenentt 60=f'VirPénatntrre sena[MirPaeiey soon iver fers fn) fis oid and gis obviously even, enc, (9s the coret answer. © x 15 Given, fx) sin? xan Us) ie nate pobvonil with ang cof iy Statement Me: (a) nies seaementnt sCe)vanes Sol Madea's bee lee raf nar eee ing BP. 0 ftan [P00 Fader =-[1re-s001- fete seas] Afr 19-stede=af a xtc 0 enc) nthe cores awe Passage I (Q.No. 161018) Sapp we dine te defen sng te flog forma fsb SUstb)+ )- (Sa) + (8) +2f0. or se 20071© Ex. 16 [ sinxdk isequa e200) Re OWn oe eon Foe ©. Sn 0 for lla, then the Hence a) she conte answer 8 Ex17 Ife) i ¢ polynomial and if [ sora H0)+ F@) Lm: = Gah degree of $3) can atmos be @ a So, Aplin Hop re 2 (oa ayes fo) -"=2 uml ene sa ro he Tama = inf O no rta)=olorany « = yon of degre ence ithe core answer. © Be 18-1773) <0 xe (ab) and ise point such tata When x=Bithend=1* > tofjq EP ona af Mia F at 2 ara of Maranr sue Chap 02 Definite integral 131 ima © Ex. 30 Evaluate am Goa irae Sot tet f 0 larrn EA Pat ateor'et Mant tebe [20 cost(-sint) 28m (eost]at ~ matpsna dt For a cote Balas wsin' nat 208ain'e ce (ah bt) a2at 4208-04) int sates? conte Bait conte oF syayansaen geadysan elke Tel. (es eorsti-aine) jf A taarensitoans., cos x(t=sin* x) a #231 baluste fe ines cus) sn gy A el oe becxtin sone nieexe tine alot beertnabecet indents ‘teestanslde af fe ec stan ecm 1) de (ot acct ee tan 1) ee a182, Textbook of integral Caloulus -Arlying integration by pasts Fe Flbecx tans net ~ fect ey eae [tec aL uerene® gone Leg aJpiere ne -arnes-Liewey adie net fe Let -g- Las met a Ba Be BS oe 39 patel! © Be 32 Evaluate (* 22 (sin2x=cos 29) de (1+ sin 2x) cos? x oes Trans? ‘Aplving integration by prs, (tain ay conde 2—cos2e) sind) co = oo ro(etsaner] frac trina a” ennai TH eee a : «mca sete es ® 1 a sos [nine en ten] [sing [7 sedde=f* aap] : reataaly Boab ae @ 1) onecang ae (ETemrmr, sate oases rea aeiuas Adige we 0 alae (x18) nen se Geese rae) she faa ato yea te eo) sf) 4006 foun f0) [nfinneecni re] ey 56 compat hoon it eet ildat—o) tg Of 6" x Inx Hao TaN Wr eosat sian ce 7 oe ray cay oof futon a0 oH cava) is eye ta aan te So (tet ci ire = ene [revert ( otgran it an od faton wf seer in Jie ten teeChap 02 Definite Integral 133 i (mT yr Now tt MOMS Fe > i 5 Mo see J meet ceca Eafe tte Kee-Ko) ri Dox ‘ecg an nts iret LE poingta 01 fea Deeg eww gt 1 pete BLL “Ula? © Ex 35 Showthat Sree » (ofl savdent [eden wo Mglayhxt ate fasten Ute" Sok Lt ws st esate +. as(2402)) 9 Taferinnte at geferonce > (365) 569) ngs parts we ig 0 o 7 = tnfteya2t nx constant we peel oe eo = poererget or get So where and ae constants fatal. ‘But gt continous on{6=), then cya? ie ruled ot He, galeg a Aeo, — g0)=2 a1 =o ghana 9 Ex. 37 Let, =f" tant xd (n>1and isan integer) Show that (Ia laee Now [J aineden tin [Se 7 So, (i) Given. 1, nd [coca © Ex. 36-Find a function g: > , continuous inf0,) and postive in(,) satisfying (0) = and Lf ema-2(f' ane) (i) Foro seraina-(fh 100) <0 cheat, (as cominuous inf. B]and fo) 850 Triples hat) wil ome eo at atone in. tae [our sir oeatox vet i em © Bx. 47 If fla) = x4 Loy?) FY) dy find F029. Sot, Gren sient «fy foray+ fy sf0V4 ar(uef.rvor)+#(Lrs008) = fle)o quent expression = fansartbet or fy)may thy? o) wee, ane 2006-14] Hors gave esa ¢48 or 188~ 4 t2batetth or 96-4020 Prom Eas. (i and, Bs rca mes tor 1) © Ex. 48 Frove that fie (ff Fea da= f° (eo) Fo by pats to te tangas secon fncion ad (a est oe fff soa ff sande (uff roa) -[f sera ax[ sonar [nan aff eo sends © 64.49 Evaluate” (log sin x) (os me) deine N. Sot tet 10)= flag sn crane resonant BREE)" ot BBE a (sing negation by pats) sayno- 2 [Soames 1) et Hoy Saas ay iqesne fo teeters ost) -tne lf SABRE Dente a a a off? Zoster wesnecse aff" conta) corte) de -{ stan soon anvt) an ae tanieym ont) secon yf incon a8 ge to,ff 2008 eden [corte ds using Eq 0) # Bx. 50 Evaluate [” 6 sn ef cn evening Sol. Hess fy (7 eae xe = Nenl(sat soe Ho fat cone Md a ne eeatenn [> erat =nn- Deana, eens aD Replacing ny (n-2, (A= Don 2 WEBEL 3) (a=wn-8)_ 20-0 Wath Gael (yeh Pa Fuca Hive 9 Bx St Evaluate (le +1~ 2)" dine Nand Independent of Hence, show [te-orde “Gee Seb Hoe raf aetea deaf (ete eae, 0 Chap 02 Definite integral 137 ‘Again. 1=| erat dxf! 1-240 de [ poguar tg aP Honest (oo GaP + “ares [5 60-7 ere aE Ge f w-rr vie my Fem xn anh Foot [Lannea Lapeer tees ting cient fon othe ses et sa fa-ate forte ais (© Ex, 52. Ginena ral valued function f(x) which is monotonic and cifferentabe, prove that fr any real ‘numbers and PUP on-f nnde=f/ axtb-F “onde Sol As fs) derentisle nd monotone 5B) LUO =t-st—d ‘idee [? 206-Ds't94e o-nepo sens noms ff year ~o-a rey’ [ rar aren yay yt Ue) salle © Ex. 53 Evaluate [20 es! 0 cor 5) 0—cor 28/5 in 8 Sol, Weknow, Safe aa ioe et]138 Textbook of integral Calculus vo s-ten$ts!)( tees) he secuteiinn Susie ends n8-to/ 9 secad-tonarmen-en 9) % sesnenin tee Se ‘Alter Convert aconsblninto a single cosine say a BAMeoe 0 oe m/f Contes and per 8) a0 “ie Ince Waaetd (out raat aden wo mae coefficient of antic © Bx. 56 estore [° Inde ws 5 54 Shvibr im 3, Ene oli a) eee rae ar I aren — Sot eB rae te eeltalegge le cs “(ran & (2 Je sto ls) aff Pete (orton) mee we-afemeeteen? ff eeetdene-af eer, ‘acon bain and j= 29%, where «>0and b>0 2 ceasbane # Ex. 57 Find function, cents for al x (rd not Compute the values of and) a“ fy "ro everyubere) such that f2¢x)= [* Lint Dreost oe 55 uat=f" [Dnt By puting =1/,we get =-1,501=0) Sol. avd Son weime, apf; Lily on Be cost. . ocoers buna (ote that beng intel function af continuous noel) fq tment ta - areal ate fy feins rome. 0 20 * yay 2 bib)CChep 02 Definite Integral 139 raft of! dpe tine de I GaPan) ine . ie meg 2 6x. 59 Bute dete? <0 O ata Ce ye) nae? a aft Pe gate sot ta raf Bina I oats aap atx=sin® ah ay a Faetite: (outtano=9 Texan) Hence, Tansin“es €ft thevalseot ft @=2siny 2 : Gy ~y+t) we (Noveet bese a bac only slton ofthe eistion f(s) minim 2% and) ‘ont then 3? deiseqa -") olor oo 2 [eran a+ andy=mis os ow 4 faint corer ge voll stctan(S= ots dente gre ita (Nene of these faction. then mmber of ways in whicha— (+e) Aistinet object can distributed among: See aa ttt og ot oS The va ofthe deficit integral £ eon orsrrs) oF of (on (Sone fect 6 The value ofthe defi integral t+ spein e+ (=x) coe ayer oun oan coruE wo tan") de, then lim tC, bs eu sin (wx) Definite Integral Exercise 1: Single Option Correct Type Questions iF satis the equation (0 2 oer m} then the value ws FS os Pe oe wos, tt ar geey met nt g60)= fA then J") eo ant we a {@)Camot be dteined 10, fa ante are cel numbers then the vai of nyin(Eyf ain toy ae equte (ate « os woe 14, The vale of i vn Wir ealay Soe ot 12, Let flsr=f ce" drand Mx) = (1+ g(x)) where, g(ais Aefice for allx, (sess forall sand x2) <0for 20.18 (0) ~eand (0) then the posible aloes which take ioe w-1 os on 13, Let f(x)be a fanetion satisfying "(x)= f(x) {F(0)= ad g he the fanction satan Fox)+ ghey x, 7 The vac ofthe nega | f(s ta) Oe when