Automation in power Distribution

Abstract
Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A
distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it
to consumers. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV) power
lines, substations and pole-mounted transformers, low-voltage (less than 1 kV) distribution
wiring. Generally 440V and 11KV is used for consumer and small industries.
Gsm based patient monitoring system

Abstract
In this chapter introduction of the PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM TO REMOTE
DOCTORS USING GSM AND ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY are discussed. It gives overall
view of the project design and the related literature and the environment to be considered.
Chapter wise organization of the thesis and the appendices is given at the end of this chapter.
At first we discuss the main processing done using 8051 microcontroller is and then what is
the process that can be automated which is within the scope of the work. Then we discuss the
implementation aspects.
Fault location of overhead transmission line

Abstract

Fault location and correction are important in case of any power systems. This process has to
be prompt and accurate so that system reliability can be improved, outage time can be
reduced and restoration of system from fault can be accelerated. The traditional systems
adopted for fault location are travelling-wave-based approach and impedance-measurement-
based approach. The travelling-wave-based approach requires detection devices to connect to
the high-voltage transmission line, making the solution complex and costly. And the
impedance-measurement-based approach is highly dependent on the quality of the signal and
affected by fault resistance, ground resistance and non-homogeneity in line configuration.
Hence, these approaches may cause a location error that is unacceptable in certain operation
cases.
Surge current protection using superconductor

Abstract

The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase.
Since the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed
to develop a fault current limiter. A fault current limiter is required to assure (1) rapid
reaction to fault currents, (2) how impedance in normal operation and (3) large impedance
during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) can meet these
requirements superconductors, because of their sharp transition from zero resistance at
normal current to finite resistance at higher current densities, are tailor-made for use in FCLs.
Super conductors are of two types-high temperature superconductors (HITS) and low
temperature superconductor (LTS). The HTS are substances that lose all resistance below
temperature main tamable by liquid nitrogen. LTS are substances that lose all receptivity
close to 4k, a temperature attainable only using by using liquid helium. Cost of cooling LTS
(which are mostly metals, alloys and intermettalics) makes their use in many applications
commercially impractical. HTS material available are all made of bismuth (BSCCO) or
yttrium-cup rate (YBCO). So far, various types of SCFLS have been developed (resistance,
shield core type, hybrid etc.). The SCFCL offers efficient advantages to power system and
opens up a major application for superconducting materials.