ROLE OF APP BASED INTERSTATE BUS

TRANSPORTATION IN BANGALORE CITY

1.Author Name Dinky Jain (MV175035) ,Student of B.Voc Hospitality &Tourism,Mount Carmel
College Autonomous Bangalore52, dinkyjain54@gmail.com.2.Lalitha K, Assistant Professor
Department of Travel & Tourism, Mount Carmel College Autonomous Bangalore 52,
klalitha@mccblr.edu.in.

ABSTRACT
India is the second most populated country in the world. Due to economic growth and rapid
urbanization, there is rapid growth in population especially in metropolitan cities like
Bangalore. This population growth causes lot of traffic congestion in urban roads and
sometimes, leads to accidents. This problem can be solved by effective use of Intelligent
Transport App systems. Electronic toll collection at urban toll plaza, needs to be implemented
for avoiding congestions at peak hours. Also, separate bus lanes need to be constructed in
congested areas of the city. This bus lanes, known as BRT(Bus Rapid Transit) systems should be
equipped with electronic fare collection, passenger information systems etc. This paper presents
survey details of App based bus transportation for the selected stretch in Bangalore city.
Keywords:Toll Charges, bus rapid transit systems, fastag, traffic volume,

INTRODUCTION

Transport is crucial for the economic development of regions as it provides utility for economic
activities such as movement of people and goods to take place in a timely manner. Road, rail,
water and air are typical mediums for transport. Roads cater to various modes such as buses,
trucks, cars, two-wheelers, auto-rickshaws, cycles, pedestrians, etc., for transporting people and
goods. Transport sector in India has been reported to contribute 4.99% to the Gross Value Added
(GVA) in 2014-15. Amongst the four mediums of transport, Road Transport has been reported to
contribute 3.28% to the GVA, followed by Railways at 0.81%, Water Transport at 0.07% and
Air Transport at 0.05%. Transport is a major contributor of air and noise pollution in urban
environments. When transport services are not well managed, it can lead to accidents causing
loss of human life and economic losses. Also mismanaged transport can lead towards congesting

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public places. While transport services are inevitable for improving and sustaining economy of
the state, the environmental impacts could be alleviated by planning for appropriate mode of
transport and enforcing regulations for adopting less polluting modes.Public transport is viewed
as a sustainable mode of transport as space consumption per person and emissions per person is
far less compared to other modes such as cars and two-wheelers. Bus based public transport in
Karnataka is primarily catered by four transport corporations, viz., Karnataka State Transport
Corporation (KSRTC), North-West Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC), North-East Road
Transport Corporation (NEKRTC) and Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC).
KSRTC, NWKRTC and NEKRTC cater to intercity services and city services while BMTC
caters to only city services in Bengaluru.The public transport in Karnataka caters to more than
1.13 crore passengers per day while operating more than 18,000 schedules with51 lakh kms
daily.

The KSRTC carries out routine and surprise smoke emission checks at bus stations and depots
throughout the year. In 2015-16, 74,715 buses were checked for smoke emission levels and 1860
(i.e. 2.5%) vehicles were found to emit above acceptable norms of 65 hart ridge units. KSRTC
has also introduced mobile smoke emissions and noise level checking service that would verify
and regulate the emission checks at depots. All the road transport corporations in Karnataka are
also progressively implementing Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) such as Automatic Vehicle
Location Systems (AVLS), Passenger Information Systems (PIS), Automatic Fare Collection
Systems (AFCS), Depot Management Systems (DMS), etc. as a means to improve efficiency in
operations. Also ITS implementations have provided enhanced user convenience and in-turn
would attract more commuters to use public bus transport.

NEED FOR STUDY

Transportation plays an important role in the Tourism industry. In recent years growth of app
based transportation is increased tremendously over a period of time especially in major Citi like
Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai etc.. This study will let us know the customer satisfaction with
respect to comfort, convenience, service, quality etc. Also to help ascertain ideas to improvethe
quality of services to meet the customers cooperation in the near future.The need of study is to
Identify the role of app based interstate bus transportation in Bangalore city.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Krishanamoorhty (1969)' has made diagnostic study of financial performance of STUs using data
relating to element of cost, income and trips operated.
Arora (1970) in his book 'Economics of Management in Road Transport Industry' has evaluated
the performance of Nationalized Road Transport Undertakings and private operators in Punjab.
He has used time series data of Punjab Roadways (PR) and Pepsu Road Transport Corporation
(PRTC) for evaluation of physical and financial performance and then compared PR with
Haryana Roadways, Manipur State Transport and Nagaland State Transport and PRTC with
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, North Bengal and Kerala State Road Transport
corporations. Since Punjab Roadways is a departmental undertaking under RTC Act, similarly
organizedundertakings have been selected for such comparison. It is felt that it is not fair to
compare Punjab with essentially hill area operations of Manipur and Nagaland State Transport
Undertakings.
Anantha (1971) divides the key result and performance areas in transport operations into two
categories: His six fold classifications of quantitative standards are schedules, vehicles, materials
management, earnings, crew utilisation, man-hour costs and passenger satisfaction. In order to
achieve these quantitative standards, according to Anantha, it is necessary to have back up of
such qualitative standards, like better industrial relations, and agreements on targets set etc., the
active support and co-operation of workers, public and higher authorities are required for
achieving the physical and quantitative standards.
Datta (IP) has analysed the effects of percentage of vehicles in scheduled services, vehicle
utilisations and kilometres run per litre of diesel oil on the rate of return from investment, and
calculated the correlation coefficient between the pairs of the above variables and the rate of
return from investment. Having analysed vehicle productivity, labour productivity, cost and
revenue trends, pre-tax profitability, post-tax profitability, and the performance of 24 State
Transport Undertakings.
Krishnamurthy (1971) presented an outline of the genesis of the Andhra Pradesh Road Transport
Corporation and statistics relating to variable costs, fixed costs, gross income, net income,
cancelled trips, and number of delayed trips for different districts in Andhra Pradesh. The review
of the Sector-wise analysis of the corporation made by him revealed, the local factors that were

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responsible for the differences in the performance at different regions. He also suggested some
measures for improving performance.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to discover the factors responsible for choosing app based interstate
bus transportation in Bangalore city. The study incorporates some of the specific objectives -
1. Comparative study of app based transport systems in Bangalore.
2. Market penetration of and development through app based systems in Bangalore.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research is descriptive and adopts quantitative method of analysis. Data collection consisted
of Primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaire.
Secondary data is collected by referring various books, journal and online sources. Primary data
was collected across the area of study by adopting random sampling method and sample size was
20. Questionnaire was prepared by using google forms and were sent to various contacts to
collect the information.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

Data was collected from 100 respondents of Bengaluru city. Respondents were of different age
groups, qualification and income. A detailed analysis is given below. The study interperates the
data that were obtained from the survey. The survey was based on the general public knowledge
and their preference.
1. What is your age ?
AGE GROUP AGE GROUP PERCENTAGE
ANALYSIS
Less than 20 57 56.5%
20 – 30 21 20.2%

30 - 40 18 17.6%
40 and above 2 2%
Source: Primary Data

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A total of 100 respondents of different age groups participated in the survey. 56% respondents
were below 20 years, 20.2% respondents were between the age of 20 - 30 years, 17.6%
respondents were between the age of 30 - 40 years, 2% respondents were between the age of 40
and above
2. What is your gender ?
GENDER PERCENTAGE
ANALSIS
Female 64.7%

Male 35.3%

Transgender -

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents participated in the survey. 35.3% respondents were Male, 78
respondents were female.

3. What is your occupation ?

SL NO. Occupation Percentage Analysis

1. Student 58.8%

2. Working 29.8%

3. Unemployed 5.9%

4. Retired 5.9%

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents with different occupation participated in the survey. 58.8%
respondents were students, 29.8% respondents were working, 5.9% respondents were
unemployed and5.9% respondents were retired.

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 4. What is your marital status?
SL NO. Marital Status Percentage Analysis

1. Single 76.5%

2. Married 23.5%

3. Others -

Source: Primary Data

A Total of 100 respondents with different Marital Status participated in this survey. 76.5%
respondents were single and 23.5% respondents were married.

5. What do you think about app based transportation system?

SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. informative 58.8%

2. entertaining 29.8%

3. Create awareness 5.9%

4. Waste of time 5.9%

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 58.8% respondents
preffered informative , 29.8% respondents preffered entertaining, 5.9%
respondentsprefferedcreateawareness and 5.9% respondents preffered waste of time.

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 6. What do you think how much chaos is Bangalore’s traffic?
SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Too much 58.8%

2. Not much a 29.8%

problem
3. Serious 5.9%

4. Average 5.9%

Source: Primary Data

A total numer of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 58.8%
respondents preffered too much, 29.8% respondents preffered not much a problem,5.9%
respondentspreffered serious and 5.9% respondents preffered average.

7. Do you preffer online bookings than offline?

SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Never 23.5%

2. Depends 76.5%

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 23.5% respondents
preffered never and 76.5% respondents preffered depends.

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 8. Do you think the app revolution can change the traffic problem in Bangalore ?
SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Strongly Agree 58.8%

2. Agree 29.8%

3. Neutral 5.9%

4. Disagree 5.9%

5. Strongly disagree -

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 58.8% respondents
strongly agreed, 29.8% respondents agreed, 5.9% respondentswere neutraland 5.9% respondents
disagreed.
9. You use the app for ?
SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Booking bus tickets 58.8%

2. Advance bookings 29.8%

3. Avoid 5.9%
being in queue
4. Cashback 5.9%

5. Advertisements -

Source: Primary Data

A total numer of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 58.8%
respondents preffered booking bus tickets, 29.8% respondents preffered advance bookings, 5.9%
respondents preffered avoid being in queue and 5.9% respondents preffered advertisements.

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 10. You cannot live without?
SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Computer 5.9%
with internet
2. Television 5.9%

3. Mobile 58.8%

4. I Pod / Music -
player

5. Books 29.8%

Source: Primary Data

A total numer of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 5.9%
respondents preffered computer with internet, 5.9% respondents preffered television, 58.8%
respondents preffered mobile and 29.8% respondents preffered books.

11. Do you think the face of app revolution is transforming in terms of technological and
cultural impact?
SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Strongly Agree 58.8%

2. Agree 29.8%

3. Neutral 5.9%

4. Disagree 5.9%

5. Strongly disagree -

Source: Primary Data

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A total of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 58.8% respondents
strongly agreed, 29.8% respondents agreed, 5.9% respondentswere neutraland 5.9% respondents
disagreed.

12. How comfortable and safety do you feel travelling alone ?

SL NO. Preffered Percentage Analysis

1. Safe 23.5%

2. Unsafe -

3. Neutral 76.5%

Source: Primary Data

A total of 100 respondents with different opinions participated in this survey. 23.5% respondents
preffered safe and 76.5% respondents preffered neutral.

FINDINGS
Having around 100 people participate in the survey various conclusions were drawn based on
their preferences. The response from people below 20 years of age was the highest recorded as
compared to the people belonging to other age groups. People with varied qualification and
professional backgrounds and different annual incomes participated in the study. People who
have been, who are and who have not been the residents of Bangalore responded to the
questionnaire. A detailed information with an accurate percentage of the participants answering
to a question has be shown in analysis of data.

LIMITATIONS
This study is limited to Bangaluru city and does not cover the view point of any other cities
Respondent’s opinion may change time to time depending upon latestexperience.

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SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH:
More research can be done on more specifications based on app based interstate bus
transportation system which will help in the decisions of the costumers.

CONCLUSION
Through this study, we were able to have better understanding of the traveler’s behavior and
Citybustransport usage by gender and particularly the low-in-come workers from a neighborhood
within the city.From the findings, it was evident that the network andaffordability of city bus
transport provides vital accessto livelihoods in the city. The bus network forms thedeterminant in
identifying employment opportunitiesfor the majority of the respondents. This study validates the
findings of the Bangalore Mobility indicatorsstudy that the average travel distance in the city
is10–12 km as the majority of the ordinary bus commuters in the survey traveled at these
distances to reachtheir workplaces. Whichever neighborhoods that arewell connected by frequent
and direct bus services,those population travel to each other neighborhoods inorder to fulfill their
social and economic needs. On theother hand, young male commuters are willing to travel long
distances in search of employment even it isup to 25–30 km in each direction if there are
optionsfor public transport that are either direct or with amaximum of one interchange. This
indicates thatwhenever the bus services are made convenient (byproviding direct connectivity)
the propensity for higher mobility amongst the low-income population residing in these
neighborhoods is observed. On the otherhand, low-income working women invariably opted for
employment within 10–12 km radius from theirresidences for certain reasons namely, safety,
securityand added responsibilities of running a family at homeafter working hours. For women,
BMTC services areperceived as the safest transport mode in the citycompared to intermediate
public transport or privatetwo wheeler transport. In the absence of city bustransport, they formed
small groups with known acquaintances and hired IPT services to reach theirhomes. From this
study, it is evident that women travelers formed a captive bus commuter segment withgeneral
perception on city bus as a safe and securetransport mode that need to be enforced by the
busagency. The findings of this research provided valuable insight to urban transport policy
makers and particularly, city bus agencies on the impact of their decisions on bus ridership,
mobility and access of economic opportunities to socio-economically weaker sections of the
urban population. This paper also introduces a novel methodology to understand the

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travelgeography, travel purpose and ridership profile ofcommuters that will provide valuable
information tothe transit bus agencies in redesigning their routes,schedules and communication
strategies for the sustainability of their bus ridership and increasing itsmode share in Bangalore.
A drawback of this studywas the inability to compare the travel behavior oflow-income workers
located near the city center withthose residing in city periphery. This will be the scopeof further
research.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Government of India: Ministry of Home Affairs, 2011, B-28 ‘Other Workers’ by distance from
residence to place of work and mode of travel to place of work — 2011, viewed March 31, 2015,
<http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/B-series/B_28.html>

Urban Mass Transit Company Limited, 2011, Bangalore mobility indicators 2010–11: final
report, viewed July 8, 2015,
<http://gubbilabs.in/micp/sites/default/files/documents/files/BMI,%202012.pdf>

Wilbur Smith Associates, 2009, Bangalore mobility indicators 2008: draft final report, viewed
March 5, 2015,
<http://www.urbantransport.kar.gov.in/bangalore%20mobility%20indicators-2008.pdf>

KUIDFC, 2007, Comprehensive traffic and transportation plan for Bangalore, viewed
July 8,2015，
http://www.kuidfc.com/WESITE/WebPage.nsf/f37b2300a8f98a4d65256e2a002623ee/369ec208
b4b06201652578e0002f2470/FILE/EXECUTIVE%20SUMMARY%20(R..pdf>

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 APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE:
1. What is your age ?
- Less than 20
- 20 – 30 years
- 30 – 40 years
- 40 – 50 years
- 50 and above

2. What is your marital status ?

- Single
- Married

3. What is your gender?

- Single
- Married

4. What is your occupation?

- Working
- Student
- Unemployed
- Retired
- Others

5. What do you think about App based transport systems?

- Informative

- Entertaining

- Creates awareness

- Waste of time
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6. What do you think how much chaos is Bangalore’s traffic ? (Rank in order of preference)

- Too much
- Not much a problem
- Serios
- Average

7. I prefer online bookings than offline?

- Never
- Depends

8. Do you think the app revolution can change the traffic problem in Bangalore?
- Depends
- Maybe
- Often

9. You use the app for

- Booking bus tickets
- Advance bookings
- Avoidbeing in queue
- Cashback
- Advertisements
-
10. You cannot live without… (Rank in order of preference)
- Computer with Internet
- TV
- Mobile
- IPod/ Music Player
- Books

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11. Do you think that the face of app revolution is transforming in terms of technological and
cultural impact?
- Yes
- No

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