“The momen iitegral egies . displacement thickness He |, (Gey momentum thickhess b= Pee ey kanohc-eney pidoess B= LH. Ci Bey aucturately evnluminy Yhese quaetines requires numeral solution of the Wauier-Spobes equations . An integral form of He eguiao ws , can allow practical soluttion tp be found fairly easily for Cor es engrneerg problems . consider mass and momentum < balance svae oe « D te uster— ‘ Pe an fier te tease slttc 8 le Ve Tae Mess tetance] yemomentum balance ) ©. ar “AL je 2 D A wis — mf feta ee [nti > segs ese obale st Forces x dcton ee @) @ outs 3.18 ‘Mass and momentum balances ona thin slice of boundary layer,A (uO) + Ue de _ py v, = This Is Von Karman moracidin “late eguaction , fop both /arinar and turhuleat flows . dn Spprosimade expression of velocity paple 1% requived in ofdler Fp use pomextom Mteppal equator — Laminar Bourdlary Lager. assuine a cubic. polyueneial velou'tly expression dnside Hye. bowneley (ayer eatoy +cy me ty? . where Ge @ g=1, a=! need? one more Lordition ao @y-, @y=l, Reo, recall soundary lager equation . Ue + Ut Vily = Pe + Re atwall Y=o, Ure, V=0, steady, o= = Pact Fee OY norice way : te .® ar at yeo, or Hy Bernoull equation. Dy oye const. AP, 4 pue a -o substtiele eS 2S, u=hUe, ae depy. = mee eae Fa) a “coreation | Herren wt ———" bedk 1 hot hight Gz, Uyy wi : -_- represent effect of extemal pressure grade3 1 1 | 1 { 1 1 i 1 | | | Ss & ° Dimensionless distance trom surface 7 (=) & 8 99% thickness eae 44 03 a2" (Thickness parameters, = a 8°18) 5°,8, and 5° based 3) ‘on sine profle) -Lwel tT ttt .. Pal | 0” 04 02-03 04 05 06 07 08 a9 10 Dimensioniess veloc parle! osurtaco, (ul) FIGURE 3.20, Laminar velocity profie. (pak = 2) = Ds der tS) f define Shape ‘foutor Hee ~witheero pressure gradient. Azo. flet plate Tue plete or 2TH hee T= ox 3H ae fo . she _ ye We, Tad Bee hog iene 5 = qyy Aq compare TO Sas Qf Rd Blasius Solution - & 1rd Aa fe E- ue Je ).4 ey” . = 0 A = 0.66 ook Owe paarTFurbuleat Velocity Profile - 1 pote lw for velony profiles = (2 I" or ang” ( problems. at wpll, slope i$ definty » at 5, slopis finite ) should ve finite should be zero. =porsy pult (2). _ Tu _ 0.0068 Tw 20034 pu” (4) (Fras * a - Ae § = 0.383 (Rex) - e _ 00 Pd O*= pus = (Re 29.09 Bo= 22 8 4 (Rey) © _ 0:078X Oe BT = Ee 7 | 6 ae Ew * Laminar | lee | oar ar 0s oa 0s 0G OF «8 O18 . x(n) FIGURE 3.21 ‘Boundary layer gravth ona fat pate ata free-stream speed of 60 ms! — another form of momenturn —nteyrad Equation . Y vs , 9 de nyt went useful -for cases with external pressure _ginddicatpeomen har — —ptegrad eguahor, (U0) + Uc ~PUeve = -B* assume /ear profile jnside the boundary layer, tet = =atrby= atb¥- two boundary wadihons: @ gro, U0 2 ath0=0 Dare enh @=|, >atb=| DI. mee or he¥ os y Yen: juanerdaen: aw aft (eA ay = =f ups =b-S)l. -p-£-f. omentum Hckness 9 f led Ha rsh ve (r-2)ay =fe- ay ro res a wh = 273" 6 lonehic- ay Hi ste (ep ot pe. = GBR EEE momentum puteqral eqnation , 7 HU0)2-B here HBG pg MTL Ue _ Ve Sow - ue BB) = Ate er te - 7 pads, 2 a Ux = _ tee , b= Ue® ’ cs ae , EE (F300 ] eH : ~ with TH3HO4 ee , Her. Ty = Me. = us where Re BX i,