jhe sweep angle befueer & love draws alerg the wing sweep ' iperdlicular fe He (enterdme span and a Ime re Me - sweep back = Are. i RT eee FIGURE 1.6 Dhetal ard, Dihedrat angle when viewed from fio, the wings are generally not ma smgle plane but instead clined to each other ot A smal engle ap if wings are me |neok upward — dihedrad ~ cf wings are Yelmed clounward —anhe dred Incidence Twist, wash-out , andl Wish-Hn « puidence, angle of attack x, — thenugle betveen ThE cherdlme of a giles auvfoil and fhe dive ction of the flight 3S A twist — angle of attack of all sechons are fhe wing i twisted . wash-in — aagle of attack mncremses towels the Hp wash-out — angle of ottock olecreases towarcls te tip . not the SAME,i) Drnensienal Analysis Buckingham Yheoven. cory collection of A! qautities phat ore collectively described by ke dpméngions , CAM be formed dfo (u-k) nandyneesionel parameters, Hat fully desorihe the P yellem speed of sound “i # ee aetWilh (BP * & e: Feely ) areedyname —yelou iy ! tf sn dent | iy lashcity w force yg tk PVs D a repent wariobler F -v. f VD Aw mM ap eT a) Re OM oy Mack numbers less than 0.3 OS, the effect of compress Bil ty rs neghy ble , Reis Be only parameter for dyna Wail somilaritg 7Example 13 Given, anaiventt, model, lo scale to be tested ma high-speed wind funnel, Mz o.8S, at Ibo, P= 7/60 XT -$t5% danavic Lilarrly a he where 3% Find; trtal pressure af the tuanel shea foes Uf total temperaneris WC assume 4 «(Ej Me hI 0? #2. Solution. p5, the full-scale avcreft M=e-8, A=JeRT = = Moen ae ae stk = = (20.25 216.5) = = 296 ms. Vea “i 204 Hs (O85) = 251 > pre ee y RT (Eq Oman ol! i/w? ) Mspot Ey" "ein xio7 EL j( alk y/t aug xi 5 ee / 2 273 IC vi fa Re PEE. bun Bh ier BiUem) = 2x'0" “4 dot » “ For the model rota fempernture Tz =273RT 5° =323K , ab Hogs, epeetrnh 2) rege =. Be apy a = 1 btn Ts — pee 282K. Ties * away = Suet = JP G87) 082) = 237%. = Mas bps) (327°) = 287%. AL [2062 Hi V ee ae 28) _poone Kee Ge *b (-11t0 J (t2¥6) = 1-18 16 KE tr dynanre sivillrity Ro=20l ils ee P87" Um) ( UTS] APL WY) therefore pe 2123S Se then P2PRT = ott le zh tise f Stoo % - eguaion. ya) Bz. & oapaye 2. =(4 ait Lewy | Be P. (6si)=1000 4 a Tho Baste Aerodynamics . w (@)Low speed evel ight) Barked cling ght FIGURE 1.7 Direction of lit force. Note that itis always normal to fight velocity, drag force & always paralel to velocity Wf L = force acting upward and perpendicular +o The divection of fleght , or, inthe Yeferene fame ee dray D — forte acthg im the opposite Aivechon to 420 Ime of fliyh , alway perpendicular to L Y re stde foree Y ~ force mutually perpendicular to L and Dm i it iS positive when ating towards the starboard Crrght-hand wonghip fiom the pilot's perspechve )FIGURE 1.8 Systems of force and moment components. Broad arrows represent forces used in ‘elementary work; ine arrows, the system in contol and stabil studies, Moments are ‘common to both syste Prtchng momert M positive when + tends to prcrense He avgle of wtack (noe up). Ballons moment. Le. positive when it Heads Yo depres the starboaret woghp. Yawing momert, Mf positive when it tends to suing He noe fe the right ( starboar) .