Force woffrcient » aA dk 2 G* Zone @* Fors where Jf ev'— dynamic pressure for wings , S is the plan fore aren . for blue hody ( fuelage , sphere, cylinder), S is front Moment Coefficient - M- prichong mombyt = S — plosifore ares ZT — mesn chove . 7)Pressure Disibuhoa on an airfoil - (6) Incidence =o" (6) Incidonce = 18° FIGURE 1.9 “ypal alto pressure asta, define pressure coeffitiewt Cp = PoP. tev? 4 positive Cp ~ pressure higher than py warel , NEjaOVE Cp - pressure (ower Han Peo, outwarck « the resultant force is the hift —as incidence merenses = » the lower pressure on the Upper surface beames lpwer and covers & larger extent of He vrfoil . + the stag nation port yaoves, progressively further back on tho [ower surface , «ab low mecdences, the pressure difference which geaerates Vet (5 formed by a greater pressure reduction py the upper then on the lower surface # ak hiyher mcidences, the pressure difference i's portly due to pressure vreductron on te upper surface ancl partly due +o pressure merease on fle lower surface , Woe. at angle Of neidence around (8°20, the pressure Yeduction on He upper Surface Suddenly collapses. —$tail© FIGURE 1.10 Pitching moment definitions. Lift and drag are unchanged belween (a) and (bl Tn any case, the pitthing moment Coefficient is measured about some definite pot on Ht airfoil chord . Mie = Ma - LawsX- Da snc = Mx —Lx osx - Dx smx My = Ma = UL sx — Dncd)(a-x) divided by tevsz Coy = Cua - (Cw - G snej(Z-% ) when Azo, Cote = Mie t & (GIR = G Smoe)