BUILT ENVIRONMENT &

SPATIAL CULTURE
Lecture 03, 31-01-2014
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in
psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs, often
depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

• Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs

and that some needs take precedence over others.

• Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the
first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled
the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

onal
lment
llment
Characteristics of self-actualizers:
1. They perceive reality efficiently and 9. Concerned for the welfare of
can tolerate uncertainty; humanity;

2. Accept themselves and others for 10. Capable of deep appreciation of

what they are; basic life-experience;

3. Spontaneous in thought and 11. Establish deep satisfying

action; interpersonal relationships with a few
people;
4. Problem-centered (not self-
centered); 12. Peak experiences;

5. Unusual sense of humor; 13. Need for privacy;

6. Able to look at life objectively; 14. Democratic attitudes;

7. Highly creative; 15. Strong moral/ethical standards.

8. Resistant to enculturation, but not

purposely unconventional;
Critical evaluation

• Prominently limited to highly educated white males because of self

actualization.

• Difficult to generalize his theory to females and individuals from lower

social classes or different ethnicity.

• The lower needs must be satisfied before a person can achieve their
potential and self-actualize, for ex: large numbers of people live in
poverty (such as India) it is clear that people are still capable of higher
order needs such as love and belongingness.

• A person may be motivated by higher growth needs at the same time as

lower level deficiency needs.
 Territoriality

A territory is a defended space.

Territoriality is a means of achieving a desired level of privacy.

How people use space to communicate ownership or occupancy of areas

and possessions

Various Functions of Territoriality as exhibited by animals

• Food
• Security
• Stimulation
• Identity/ personalization
Territoriality in human beings

• Physical territory- the physical

body, real and personal property

• Social territory- family, intimates,

clan, tribe, peer group, club,
associations, other social, cultural
and religious groupings

• Psychic territory- thoughts,

opinions, theories, philosophies,
plans, purposes, dreams,
memories, time
Various Models of Territorial Organization

Home
Core Area
Territory
Range

Roos’ Model
Various Models of Territorial Organization

i
h
Body i
Home
Interactional h i
Public

h
h
i

Lyman and
Scott Model
Various Models of Territorial Organization
Territorial Cluster

Personal Territorial Complex

Territorial Unit

Stea’s Model