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Motors PDF
Motors PDF
Electric motors
consume
63-70% of the electricity
used by in
industry
Purchase price
represents 2% of
motor life cost,
One Rewind
represents 0.7% of
cost
Electricity costs
accounts for
nearly 97%
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Motors
Motor
Converts Electrical Energy into Mechanical
Energy
Drives a mechanical load
Types of mechanical loads
Constant torque, variable speed loads
Variable torque, variable speed loads
AC MOTORS
Very common in
Industries
© Confederation of Indian Industry
TYPES OF MOTORS
Slip ring induction
motors
Used in high starting
torque applications
Found in cranes, Mills,
large fans, etc
STATOR
PCL
PI PO
Motor Load
PSL
PCU
Typical range
Hp horsepower 5 - 200 HP
Pwf windage/friction losses 2.6 - 0.3 %
Pcl core losses (magnetization) 5 - 2.5 %
Psl stray load losses 2.2 - 0.5 %
Pcu I2R losses (copper losses) 9 -3%
Pkl total losses 18.8 - 6.3 %
N motor efficiency (po/pi) 84 % - 94%
1 - 10 14 - 35 65 - 86
10 - 50 09 - 15 85 - 91
50 - 200 06 - 12 88 - 94
200 - 1500 04 - 07 93 - 96
1500 & above 4 95 - 96
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Types of Losses
Unavoidable losses
Avoidable losses
Focus on avoidable losses
Power = √3 V I Cos φ
Capacity α Torque
α Voltage 2
Efficiency Vs Load
94%
70%
0 5 10 50 75 100
% Load
© Confederation of Indian Industry
How to Find Out Motor Loading?
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Per unit line voltage
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Voltage Optimization
Action taken
Replace with 415V rated energy efficient motor
Savings achieved 8%
kW power consumption (380V motor) = 11.50 kW
kW power consumption (415V motor) = 10.56 kW
Reduction in kW = 0.94 kW
Total kW savings (4 motors) = 3.76 kW
Options based on
Nature of load
Load factor
Economic option
L2 L2
L3 L3
Delta connection Star connection
Load Sensor
In a plant, if the loading of all the motors are less than 80%,
What is the method of Energy Conservation ?
Standard
IE1 Comparable to EFF2
efficiency
90
80 Standard motor
76
5 10 50 100
% Loading
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Part Load Efficiency Comparison
50 HP, 4 POLE MOTOR
110
105 EFF1
100
95
90
85 EFF2
80
75
% Efficiency
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 25 50 75 100 125
% Load
Optimum efficiency
Longer life
Lower operating cost
Ability to operate at higher ambient
temperature
Up to 650 gms. of
carbon emissions
and.... from being
released into the
atmosphere
Super fan
Operates with BLDC motor
Least power consumption
High efficiency
Aerodynamic blade design
Low 12 4
Medium 39 14
High 75 35
350 millions of fans will save Rs. 9000 crores in electricity bill every year